comparative session: c vs i
TRANSCRIPT
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Chief of State and Head of Government:
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Government type: Republic
Cabinet: Appointed by the president
Elections: President and vice president areboth elected for 5-year terms and areeligible for 2nd terms by direct vote of thecitizenry
Suffrage: 17 years old; married persons
regardless of age Legislative branch: Peoples Consultative
Assembly; House of Representatives (560seats); House of Regional Representatives(132 seats)
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In the 16th century, the Portuguese and
Dutch traders arrived in Indonesia
United East India Company was
established and became a political and
economic power in Indonesia
The Ethical Policy: repaying the debt of
honour to Indonesians by Queen
Wilhemina
1908: Establishment of Budi Outomo
1920s: Communist uprisings which led
to a repressive regime by the Dutch
authorities
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1928: Youth Pledge: congress of youth
organizations
1942-1945: Start of Japaneseoccupation
August 17, 1945: Soekarno and Hattaproclaimed Indonesias independence
1949: Dutch relinquished theircolony; the Republic of the UnitedStates of Indonesia was established
1950: Parliamentary government
Political instability brought byIndonesias pluralistic society
1955: Indonesian elections; beginningof Sukarnos second term
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1959-1965: Return to 1945 Constitution.Period of guided democracy
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Created by President Sukarno as a
solution to the troubles that
Indonesia experienced at that time
New view of democracy that ismore appropriate for Indonesia
compared to the Western model
Based on the indigenous village
system of discussions and
consensus under the guidance of
the village elders and the presence
of a central political figure (sultan)
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1959-1965: Return to 1945 Constitution.Period of guided democracy
1965: September 30 movement; failedcoup detat
March 11, 1966-1998: Suhartos New Order
May 21, 1998: Resignation of Suharto ledto vice president, Bacharuddin JusufHabibie, to become Indonesias thirdpresident
Habibie ushered the period of Indonesianreformation: democracy anddecentralization
1999: Free and fair elections
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Chief of state: President Xi Jinping Head of government: Premier LI Kequiang
Government: Communist state
Elections: president and vice president electedby National People's Congress for a five-year
term (eligible for a second term)Suffrage: 17years old; married persons regardless of age
Legislative branch: Unicameral NationalPeople's Congress (2,987 seats; memberselected by municipal, regional, and provincial
people's congresses(Note: In practice, only members of the CCP, itseight allied parties, and CCP-approvedindependent candidates are elected)
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Chinese civilization cradled in the Yellow
and Yang Tze rivers for as early as 2500BC.
Divided into three eras, Chinese historystarted in the ancient times- from Xia to
Zhou Dynasty, followed by a longimperial China, before it went to themodern China that we know.
ca 1700-1046 BC - Shang Dynasty - thefirst Chinese state for which clear written
records remain - unites much of northcentral China.
Ming Dynasty (AD 1368 1644):urbanization and the industrialization inNanjing and Beijing grew.
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20th century: disordered China- despite the
talks between factions craving for power.Slavery was abolished; the Xinhai
Revolution : overthrew the Qing dynasty.
In the 12th of March 1912, the provisional
government of Republic of China was
established and Sun Yat-Sen was elected as
the first president.
1919: May Fourth Movement started an
opposition onto the impositions of the
Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI. Sun Yat-Sen established a revolutionary
movement in south China aiming to
reestablish the fragmented nation. Sun Yat-
Sens leadership was preceded by ChiangKai-Shek.
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1925 - The death of Sun Yat-sen 1931-45-Japan invades and gradually
occupies more and more of China.
1934-Mao Zedong emerges asCommunist leader.
1937 - Kuomintang and Communistsunite against Japanese.
1949, 1 October - Mao Zedong proclaimsthe founding of the People's Republic of
China. The Communist Party of China won the
civil war leading to the birth of thePeoples Republic of China (PRC) inmainland China; the Republic of China or
(RoC) that was restricted to Taiwan andfew more islands.
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1958 - Mao launches the "Great Leap Forward
1966-76-"Cultural Revolution", Mao's 10-year political and ideologicalcampaign aimed at reviving revolutionary spirit, produces massive
social, economic and political upheaval.
1986-90 - China's "Open-door policy" opens the country to foreign
investment and encourages development of a market economy andprivate sector.
1989 - Troops open fire on demonstrators who have camped for
weeks in Tiananmen Square.
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2001 November - China joinsthe World Trade Organisation.
2002 November - Vice-President Hu Jintao is named
head of the ruling CommunistParty
2003 March - National People'sCongress elects Hu Jintao as
president. 2009 October - China stages
mass celebrations to mark 60years since the CommunistParty came to power.
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CHINA INDONESIA
Capital Beijing Jakarta
Land Area 9.6 million km 1.8 million km
Population 1, 354, 040, 000 251, 160, 124
Population Growth Rate 0.48 % 1.04%
Language Chinese Bahasa Indonesia
ReligionBuddhism, Taoism,
Confucianism
Islam, Protestantism,
Roman Catholic, Hinduism
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At the founding of both, each had political institutionsdominated by their respective charismatic leaders,
Sukarno in Indonesia and Mao in China.
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In China and Indonesia, there has been great interest inparticipating more actively in the evaluations carriedout by external funding agencies such as the WorldBank.
China and Indonesia are taking steps to strengthen thecapacity of independent oversight agencies outsidethe executive.
In China and Indonesia, it was appropriate to begin theevaluation capacity development process with an
institutional diagnosis. There was an expressed need to raise awareness
among key decision makers.
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The two countries shared remarkable similarities intheir economic and political development.
Asian Financial Crisis 1997-1998
Indonesia* Indonesia was one of the worst casualties
* It severely damaged the legitimacy of the New
Order Regime
* Eventually triggered President Suhartos
political demise and catalysed swift transition
characterised by deep political and economicdecentralisation
* Since the big-bang reform occurred, Indonesia
displayed modest yet positive economic growth,
dealt with major separatist movements and
established the most democratic state in the
region
China* Was much less affected
*Maintained a seemingly unchanged
political landscape
* Unmistakeably become less authoritarian
over the past 2 decades
* To an increasing extent, the governmentdelegated responsibilities previously
exclusive to central or provincial
governments to other economic and social
actors
* political institutions have evolved into
fragmentedauthoritarianism
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Both countries face similar development issues
* Rapid urbanisation, limited social protection and wideninginternal social-economic disparities are but a few of the most
pressing concerns that need to be addressed
* Would likely go through long andcomplex process before the current
political institutional setting grows into a
fully-fledged democracy
* Indonesias decentralised democracy as
a political system must deliver economic
prosperity in order to ensure its
legitimacy* The question remains as to how to
unleash the power of checks and balances
of a democratic system and ensure the
accountability of those in positions of
authority.
* Must juggle the often conflicting
organisational and political interests of
various vertical agencies and spatial regions
* the party-state system exhibits much
liveliness and continues to attract well-
educated members of younger generations
into its apparatus, resembling a powerful
meritocracy* The public sectors have been engaged in
wide-ranging reforms, from improvements in
social welfare policies and fiscal rules to the
introduction of performance-based measures
to govern the promotion of civil servants
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Corruption
Indonesia and China are both included to a group of countrieswith about 5 per cent average growth of Real GDP per capita
on a severe corruption index of 5 because of the strongsimilarities on politics of corruption.
*Indonesia, appear to have supported primitive
accumulation and/or technological learning in
simple labour-intensive industries, rather than
technological learning in skill-intensive
industries as in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
*Because governments in these economies are
weaker and less autonomous, it may be clear
that countries in Southeast Asia including
Indonesia have softer developing states which
used their corruptties to business to generate
the high-speed technological learning in skills
intensive industries.
*A mutually beneficial exchange of privileges
and protection for bribes and kickbacks
characterizes the relationship between
government and the private sector, including
the foreign private sector
*The high level of corruption in PRC concerns
low wages of civil servants, given the
opportunities provided for corruption to
grow during the last 20 years of Xiaopings
modernization policy, and the lack of self
political will to implement anti-corruption
measures against senior party officials.
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However,
* China faces growing unresolved grievances caused by issues such as misappropriation
of private property, rampant corruption and widening inequality
* government appears to be struggling to respond to the publics increasing demands forgovernance quality and accountability
* Keenly aware of the potentially prohibitively high costs and uncertainty of the success
of a democratisation process, the Chinese government seems to advocate a measured
approach towards political reform
* The mixed signals suggest that the government envisions a future that shares elements
of contemporary Western-style democracies but remains distinctively Chinese
In historical context, China is led to socialist planning combined with
neoliberal strategies ofgoverning from a distance.
Chinas adoption of market-based reforms resulted in the emergence of
socialist-neoliberal rationality, one that is both authoritarian and yet seeks to
govern subjects through their own autonomy. This governmentality has rendered China its survival.
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References
http://www.indonesia-investments.com/culture/politics/item65
https://www.cia.gov/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia
http://data.worldbank.org/country/china
http://data.worldbank.org/country/indonesia http://www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-world
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf
http://en.rsf.org/press-freedom-index-2013,1054.html
http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/
http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/
http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia
http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesiahttp://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://pages.rediff.com/guided-democracy-in-indonesia/1023429http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/08/04/economic-and-political-transition-in-china-and-indonesia/ -
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Picture Credits
library.thinkquest.org#sthash.O6k8X4wO.dpuf http://famous-
relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpg
http://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htm
https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0403/5ac38074e29ea/5ac38082d http://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-
content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpg
Wikipedia.org
http://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpg
http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpghttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2010-01/04/details4c0d4aeb5b11a388bf5a.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://carlogiuliani.fr/rifondazione-comunista/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Indonesia2.jpghttp://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpghttp://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpghttp://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpghttp://chineseposters.net/images/e13-781.jpghttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://www.kingsacademy.com/mhodges/03_The-World-since-1900/08_Post-War-Problems/08c_Asian-Struggle-for-Independence.htmhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/1993_People's_Consultative_Assembly.jpghttp://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands/