comparative temein wordlists - roger blench...cat ka íìs < arabic ka s k k n ŋ ka s k < arabic...

1

Comparative Temein wordlists

Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm

Notes:

1. The principal source for these wordlists are the material collected by Roland Stevenson in the 1970s and

early 1980s. For further details see the accompanying paper ‘The Temein languages’. Also incorporated are

lexical items form the phonology of T(h)ese by May Yip (2004) and from the unpublished notes of Gerrit

Dimmendaal. The materials should therefore be treated as provisional.

2. The comparisons in the final column have been added by Roger Blench and are cross-cited from

comparative sources, principally materials from Stevenson. As a consequence, they have not yet been

checked against the originals, and newer data that has appeared since Stevenson. I hope to do this in future.

3. Identifying cognates in Nilo-Saharan is not simple; it depends on the analysis of the affixes. In the case of

Temein, these are multiple and combined with syllable deletion, can often mean that only a single consonant

remains, even between singular and plural in Temein. The comparisons will generally show what element of

the word I speculate is the underlying root. But further analysis may change this and thereby the words that

are cognate elsewhere.

4. It will be seen that the classification of Temein is far from obvious; although it has slightly more cognates

with East Sudanic than other branches of Nilo-Saharan, there are, for example, an elevated number of

cognates with Berta. The source of the large number of lexical items with no apparent external cognates

remains to be sought.

2

English Temein Tese Keiga Jirru External comparisons

sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment sg. pl. Comment

adolescent

girl

nyɛ́rʈàk nyɛ́rɛ́

after aaʈi after kama

after nya

afternoon wuuiny

afterwards ṭɔk again onuk konuŋkɛ alike ʔbanákà alive, awake kápaŋanùk kɛ́ fúnó it is alive all càp < Baggara

all kɛ̀ṭɛ́kɛ̀ʈ uiccoḍɛ̀k kaláásɪ̀k cf. Tama káák, Ama kwɛ́rɛ̀n, Gaam kay,

allow s.t. to

drop and

break

yɔkɔmi yɔkɔmɔʈi

allow, permit suku sukóʈù alone (ɛ)kíɗɔŋ always nyááʈɪn-

nyááʈɪn wərwər

and aʔɖa joins clauses

and nya joins

individual

words

angry ʔɖaso ʔɖasoaʈo animal yówɪ̀ʈ sɔɔ̀ ̀ ɗía na ɓok lɛ́[k] na

ɓok ‘thing of

house’

ankle ʈúúkúrɪ̀s kuʈúúkúrí ‘child of leg’

answer ɛɖákìlɔ́ŋɔʈ ɛɖaʈákì ant hill ʈíɖàk kíɖàk ant, large

black

kɪrínyʈɛ̀ʈ kɪrínyàʔ ohoɪ̂k ohwáʔ orónyiɖàk orónyìk

ant, red kɪrɪnyééɖə̀k kɪrɪnyáʔ kɪrényaɖàk kɪrényàʔ antelope káburè sɔɔ́ ́mɛ ̀ kusɔɔ́ ́mɛ̀ anyone ɗéénì nɗɔ̀

3



armpit gɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀k kɪgɪ́lɪgɪ́lɪ̀kɪ̀ kapəlɛɖə̀k káápalàk kwɔ́rʈɛʈàk kwɔ́rʈɔ also wing arrow arsàʈ karsaʈì ʈwìʔ kuɖììʔ ashes úluk cf. So ûk, Berta Undu

bùbùdà, Meidob úfúdì (and

possibly related to more

widespread #bur- roots.

ashes puḍòʔ fuɗàʔ < Kadu e.g.Katcha fuɗo, ask ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ka ʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀kaʈa at -(V)ni locative

suffix

at ɔ genitive suffix

at ɛnɛ prep. awake furuŋoni furuŋoʈonai axe ṭúk kùṭúkàʔ máɖàm kɪ́maɖàm alfáì kalfáìŋ < Arabic

al-fās

baboon ɔ́limɔ́n kɔ́limɔ́nì ṭákwúúrù kɪɽákwúúrà kóllòŋ kuollèì baby, child ʔdámulʈɛ̀ʈ,

ʔɖámula kiʔɖámula ɗál kányàŋ < Kadu ɗák kɪɗék

back pɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ kùpɔ̀rɔ́ŋɔ̀ʈ ɛ́rrɛk kɛ́rrɛɖɪ̀ŋ ṭááràk kɪɽááraɖɪ̀k

backbone àmɪ̀[k] na ɽááraʈ

àmɪ̀[k] na ɽááraʈ

bad asiyòʔ asiʈòʔ not good asíù asɪ́ʈʈòʔ bad nʈɛ̀n kíʈɪ̀k ŋaḍɪɖàk bad, old

thing

bamboo giokɪ̀ʈ giàk ṭɛlɪk ʈɛlɪk bank, river pɔ́kɪʈ nʈɛ

nʈɔ̀ŋɪ̀ʈ ḍàŋɪ̀k kɪḍàŋɪ̀k

baobab kɔmpurɪ̀ʈ kikɔmpúrì kamurɪk kamuráʔ bark of tree pɔ̀páʈɪ̀ʈ cf. Nilotic e.g. Jumjum

pǝtǝkai, Shilluk padho, Luo opok

bark of tree ʈáhuk ṭófuk cf. Katcha tofu basket soróʔ kusoróʔ sóóró kusóóró basket árɛ̀ kárɛ̀ saffaláí kɪsaffaláí ʈáŋasàʔ kɪɖáŋasw

àʔ basket,

bamboo

basket large yayáʔ kɪyayáʔ

4



bat

(mammal)

rɪ́rù kɪ́rɪ́rù kábbíliɖä̀k kábbílɪ̀k kɪ́mbɪlɪ̀ŋ kɪnɪkɪ́mbɪlɪ̀ŋ

be spoilt,

rotten, angry

ʔdàsò ʔdàsàʈò

be sufficient ɛ́ɖɛ́kàk bead kɔrɗikiʈɛ̀ʈ karɖòʔ kurɔ̀k kuurɔk stone nyarɗééɖàk nyarɗaʔ beam of light kosín

beans mùnṭɔ́kɪ̀s mùnṭáʔ, mùɽáʔ múɽasɪ̀k muɽáʔ, munṭáʔ

múɽeɖàk muɽáʔ

bear (child) ʈíjùk ʈijoʈaʈùk ʈúje ʈújù beard bíàk kɪbíàkɪ̀k ɓɛ̀k kɪɓáʔ kíja[k] kɪnáɖùk kíja[k]

kɪnakwúɖɪ̀ŋ

beat bá báɗà beat báʈɛ̀ báʈàʈà ba baɗa beat (drum) báá bááʈà bàɖe bàɖà because kɛ become mána máʈana bed (split

bamboo)

kulúŋkɪ̀s kulúŋkò, kolóŋkò

bed (string) ɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ kɛŋkɛrɛ́ʔ

5



below, down kɪ́lla big ḿbù kɪ́mbɪ̀k úbù kúbɪ̀k cf. Keiga abulɔŋɔ, Lendu

bɔ̀, Teda bu, Lugbara ambo, Teso -pol

big ɗùrù kumɔ́kɔràʔ

cf. Dongola Nubian dū́l, Dinik dúbɔ̀, Tama dúút, Bari dúmàʔ, Shilluk duoŋ, Berta Undu ‘dúúŋí,

bird íawɛ̀ʔ kawɛ́ʔ nawɛʔ kawɛ́ʔ nɔ́ì kwáì cf. Kanga ndoi bite ɛ́wí ɔ́wɔ́ɖɔ́ áwí ʈáʈáɖá also áwəɖɛ áwí áwúʈà bitter mpɪ́pɪ̀l àfɪ̀lɪ̀k black nṭùṭɪ̀ŋ kunṭùṭɪ̀ŋ úɽúɽɪ́ŋ ánɗúɽɪ́ŋ cf. Keiga aɗuk, Gaam

ɖùɪ́(n), Dilling uri, Kipsigis tʊɪ́ ,̀ Acholi cɔɔ́ ̀ l, Bongo luti, Masalit duuŋgi,

blacksmith ʈɛɛ́ ́rəɖä̀k ɛɛ́ ́rì blacksmith ɗéynìʔ na

báʈàn nɛɛ́ ̀ kina báʈàn ʈɔɖɔháduʔ kaaɖɔhaɖɪ́ʔ ʈámɖaɗɔ̀k < Kadu

black-

throated

dove

afíìbaɖèì afálaɖòŋ

bless kúú+ɛ + ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ

okú + ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ lit. ‘blow with air’

blind kɔ́púlɔ̀ʔ kɪ̀kɔ́pulɪ̀k kahulóʔ blind ṭuunṭu kiṭuunṭu blood mónɪ̀ʈ mönɪ̀k monɪ̀k ? cf. Nilotic e.g. Acholi

remo, also Kenga mosò,

Daju Darfur támöke

blow

(mouth)

kúú kwɔɔ́ ́ ʈɔ̀k kúú kwəɖa kúú kúúʈà

blow on fire kúú kɔɔ́ ́ ʈɔ̀ blunt, dull ja aʈɛ kɛɛ́ ̀ ʔ not sharp blunt, dull ʔdúklu

ʔdúkuluk asɪɖɪyɪk ‘has no

teeth’

boat múrkàb kɪmúrkàb < Arabic body kɪ̀líʔ kɪlííʔ kɪ́li

6



bone àmɪ̀s kɔ́maʔ kɔmɛk kɔ́maʔ àmɪ̀k kɔ́maʔ Assuming the key element of the root is the mV- then

cf. Murle amɛɛn, Dinik ááma, Uduk asima,

bow moonɗí kímóónɗì kamɪɗɪ́ŋ boy, child ɗál kɪɗɛ́l dál kányaŋ ɗák nɖáámàk kɪɗɪŋ

kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ

brain nyúl majɔlɪ̀k majɔl ṭɔɛɛŋ branch sɪ́lɪmonɪ̀ʈ kisɪ́lɪm break ŋwɔṭàk ŋwɔṭaʈàk nyányumà áyyɔmà áyyɔmàɖ

à

breast nyɛlɪkɪʈɛ̀ʈ kɪnyɛ́lɪ̀k nyɛlɛɖə̀k kɪnyɛlɪ̀k kɪnyɛlɖàk kɪnyɛlɪ̀k cf. Lotuko nɛnayɪ, breath nyɪ́sɪlàk breathe, rest àŋáʈ ŋɪ́səlà nyɪ́səlèi nyɪ́səlaɖè

i

bring (here) mɔɔ́ ́n ɛ̀ mɔɔ́ ́ ʈài ɛ̀ lit. ‘come with’

aŋáɖɪk aʈááɖɪk akwɛ̀ aˇeikɛ̀

brother, his,

her

aranyuná karanyuná arányunàʔ ɔrɔ́inà

brother, my aranyuná, nɔ̀ŋ ɛrɪ́ŋɔ arɪ́ŋà my sibling brother, your ɔrɔnyunɔ́ kɔrɔnyunɔ́ örunò ɔráinùŋ buffalo opún na

kɔ̀rɔ̀m kopún na

kɔ̀rɔ̀m bull of

earth

lɪk kɪláʔ

build gánya gányaʈà áʈanyà áʈanyaɖà ŋànà ŋànàɖà building áʈanyàk bull opún kopún ɔtɔ́rr kwotɔ́rɪ̀k < Arabic

toor

opún kopún

bull II kwɔ́láʔ aʈʈáruk kúʈaruk < Arabic toor

bundle of

thatching

grass

ṭɔk

burn tr. lásuɖu lásuʈu probably connected with widespread isi for ‘fire’

burn, light

fire tr.

ukogú ukoʈógu nyúrɖɔ nyúrʈɔ ɗárkaɖù ɗárkaɖaɖù

also light

fire

cf. Berta Undu dáárà, Kadu

ogudaana (which may

combine both roots)

7



bury aṭuká aṭukáʈà bush ʈɪ́rfɛ álelei kuɓɪŋ but aʔda,

nyɔkɔ́nṭɛ

buttock kuuruk kukuuruk ʈúhùŋ kuɖuhò kɪsámbáráŋ buy kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà kɔ́lɔ́ʔbàʈà kwɔ́labà kwɔ́lbà kwɔ́lbaɖà call kókwí kókwáʈà kwókwuɖà kwuɖi kwuʈʈà camel kámpúlàŋ kíkámpúlàŋ kammaláʔ kammaláá

k

can, be able áyák áyáʈàk cf. know can, be able gɪʈárà gɪʈáràʈà < Sudanese

Arabic

gadar

captured

slave

ɖógoʈò koɖógoʈò ɖókoʈòŋ kuɖókoʈòŋ

< Hill Nubian

carnivore, wi

ld animal

ḍía na kuɓɪŋ lέ[k] na kuɓɪŋ

carry (esp.

on head),

take

mɛ́ʈak mɛ́ʈaʈak

carry here aŋáɖɪk aʈááɖɪk carry there ɖaɖɪk eʈááɖɪk cat biis

cat kaɖíìs < Arabic kaɖɛsɪk kɪnɪ́ŋ kaɖɛsɪk

< Arabic

cat, wild muɖurèʔ kumuɖurɪ̀k munɖurè kumunɖurè

cattle corral sàràŋ kɪsàrɛ̀k saraŋ kɪsaraŋaɖɪk

also fence

chair, stool murʈɪ́kà kumurʈɪ́kà boɽú kɪ́boɽuk ḍíà na gárfak ‘thing of sitting’

chameleon ḍááràŋ kɪḍááràŋ charcoal sɔ́k(g)ɔ́yumɪ̀ʈ sákáyùm sééɗə̀k sák lɪ́ŋ cheek kórómɪk kókórómɪk cheek kúrúmɪk kúkúrúmɪk múkwolɪk kúmokwɔ̀l chest male aɗɔk kwɔɗɔɖɪŋ chicken kókoròk kóókoròk k(w)óóròk kókoròk kòròk kwóórok

chief sɪ́l kɪsɪ́loʔ wáárà kwáárɪ̀k

8



child ɗál kɪɖɛ́l ʈúrniɖàk ʈúrnì chin gɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ kɪgɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ kɛ́bɛbɪ̀k kábabàʔ káɗaŋàk kɪ́kɪɗaŋɪ̀k chop, cut

down tree

ṭɛnʈɛŋa ṭɛnʈɛŋaʈa kakalaha kakalahaɖa

circumcise ṭɪpá ṭɪŋɪ̀n ṭɪpáʈa ṭɪŋɪ̀n ‘cut penis’ claw, nail lúlɪ̀ʈ kwóólɪ̀n sɔjarɪ̀k kɪsɔjarɔ̀ŋ kɪ́saŋwarʈàk kɪ́saŋarù cf. Dilling ʃundi clean kɔṭɔ́kɔṭàk climb away

from speaker

kalak kalaʈak

climb

towards

speaker

kolí kalaʈái

cloth kɪ̀ʈɪ̀ʔ kɪ̀gɪ̀ʈɪ̀ káɖàʔ kááɖàʔ káʈɛ ̀ kiáʈɛ̀ cloud kɔbɔ́rʈɛ̀ʈ kɔ́bɔ́rɔ̀ʈ kabárɛɖə̀k kábárɪ̀k kubárɖàk kubárɪ̀k pl. = sky cf. Kanga tifudo(k),

Zaghawa burdu, Shilluk

polo

club ɗáluk kɪɗáluk coffee bunn plant ? <

Amharic

coffee gahwa drink <

Arabic

cold njùlùn kunjùlùn anyɔ́l ajullùk cf, Berta Undu àgʊʊ́ ́ rù, Bagirmi ùlù, Ilit sulluma

cold, very ajúlukjúlùk

come mɔɔ́ ́n mɔɔ́ ́ ʈài áàŋ, ɛɛ́ ̀ŋ áʈàì áù áʈei cf. Kanga ande, So ac, Kunama aw, Berta Undu

àdò, Yulu áì, Moru aɽi, cook

porridge,

sauce

pisɔ̀ pisɔʈɔ̀ öɗumò öɗumòɖo

cook s.t. ɛlùk ɛkaʈùk áwíɖì áwíʈaɖà corpse ɗéénì nʈɛ́

bulɪ̀n nɛɛ́ ̀ ʔkɪnʈɛ́

correct sàhíí < Arabic

śaḥiiḥ

cotton opúkɔ̀ ɔrɔ̀ʔ kɪsɔrɔ̀ʔ áwaràʔ cough (v.) sɛ́nsɛlà sɛ́nsɛlaʈà ɔɔ́ ́ lèi (once) ɔ́lɔ (often) ɔɔ́ ́ lèì ɔɔlaɖèì cough n. ˇɔlɔ

9



count ṭíṭɪkà ṭíṭɪkàʈa kɪ́ra kɪ́raɖà kɪ́rʈi kɪ́rʈaɖà cow kwállàʔ cow ńʈɛ̀ŋ kɪ́ʈúk ɛɖɛ̀ŋ kwúɖùk aɖɛ̀ŋ kuɖuk crawl, creep,

kneel

kuṭukú kuṭukóʈu

crocodile tɪmsá(h) kúʈúmsùŋ < Arabic timsāḥ

kɪmányáliyàʔ kumɔ́kɔràʔ

crowd ʔbúúʔbulɔ̀ʈ cry, weep,

shout

wujìk wujoʈɔ̀k wujì ójà ájaÍà

cure, mend,

repair

áṭɪ́ŋɪnʈàk áṭɪ́ŋɪnʈàʈàk

curse mɔ́rak mɔ́raʈak cut bɔ́ʈɔkà bɔ́ʈɔkaʈà,

bɔ́ʈɔkaʈài káɽahà káɽahaɖà kwɔ́ɽɔfɔ kwɔ́ɽɔfɔɖ

ɔ

cut, slit ṭɪpá ṭɪpáʈa kwɔ́ɽɔfɔ kwɔ́ɽɔfɔɖɔ

dance n. bɪ́lɪk dance v. mɪ́là mɪ́laʈà bɪ́lá bɪ́láɖa bɪ́láʔ bɪ́laɖà daughter púsùŋ kɪpúsùŋɪ̀k ɗàl ɛ́nnàŋ + female day

(counting)

kwáàʔ lit. sleep kwáàʔ

daytime wuuiny unyɪŋ ŋóóròŋ

dead bulɪ̀n deaf mɪ́rí kɪ̀mɪ́rɪ̀n mɛrííʔ mɪ́ri kɪmɪriyàʔ die nyɪ́mùk nyɪmáʈaʈùk cf. Krongo ááyà, Nyang’i

iɲal, Tama eyà, Lotuxo yɛ, Kenga oyo,

die ʈábalà búláɖà ʈábalà búláɖà cf. Ik bad-on, difficult,

heavy

njɛljɛl

difficult,

heavy

nʈɛ̀nnɛ̀ annɛ́ʔ

dig ììʈì ììʈáʈɔ̀ kö̀ köɖö̀ ̀ aiʈi aiʈaɖà dikdik wɪ́r kuwɪ́ráŋɪ̀k kuríʔ k(w)úúriʔ kwuríí kukurííyà

ʔ

dirty káŋulɪ̀k disperse s.t. ɔfirɔ ɔfirɔʈɔ

10



divide gɪsɪmʈak < Arabic divide mina minaʈa (?) divorce,

drive away

lugwíʈɔ́k lugwíʈɔ́ʈɔ́k

do lɪ́mɪɖà lɪ́mɪʈà dog óòʔ kwéèn òòʔ kwɛŋ kòòʔ kweŋ also moon

month

dog, wild kòòʔ na kuɓɪŋ kweŋ na kuɓɪŋ

donkey kwóʈɛnɖìr kukwóʈɛnɖìri kɪ́llikɛwɪ̀k kɛllɪkawàʔ kúlkɔ́ŋ kúlkwáí door ʷúún kúúnìk tɪ́llayàʔ kɪɖɪ́llayɪ̀k ʈɪ́llɛ̀ʔ kɪɖɪ́llɛ̀ʔ door of

branches

ʈɛɛ́ ́ làʔ kɪʈɛɛ́ ́ làʔ bɪlgɪ̀ny kibɪlgɪ̀ny

door of wood ṭɔŋṭɔŋ kɪṭɔŋṭɔŋi doorway áɖu[k] na

nyamaɖɪ̀k

dove ṭɪ́ṭɪ̀m kɪṭɪ́ṭɪmìyy yellow-throated

dove

əbbɪ̀k abboŋ afóì afóŋ yellow-throated

dove

down kɪlla kwaroŋ, kwɔrɔŋ

ɪlléle [?]

dream (v.) ɔɔ́ ́gɔʈɪ̀k awaɖɪk n. áwɛɛɖàk dress (v.) iiʈú iiʈáʈú kuɖukurɪŋ kuɖuhaaɖa

rɪŋ

drink awsà awsaʈà máʈɪla máʈɪlaɖa ɔ́sà ɔ́sɔɖà drum ánɗɛ̀ŋ kɛnɪ́nɗɛ̀ŋ drunk ausaʈ verbal

noun from

ausà

dry season pɛlɛɲ dry, empty rààri ɛɖɪnyàr ṭáárɪ̀k kɛɽáárɪ̀k dry,

empty, har

d

dum palm apurṭɛkɪʈ apurṭɛ ṭaɗɛ́manyáʔ ṭaɗɛ́manyɪ́k

dumb,

foolish

koʈikoli

dung week kuwéék of cow

11



dura mórɪŋɪnʈɛ̀ʈ (one grain)

mórɪŋɪs (one head of grain)

mórɪŋ mörɪnyɪ̀k mörɪ̀ŋ marɪŋyɪ̀ɖàk mərɪŋ

dust wúlṭò ṭuŋ ṭúŋ dwarf ɔŋgɔrɔ́ŋɪnʈɛ̀ʈ ɔŋgɔrɔ́ŋ ear wénàʈ kwèén ŋwánɪk kwɛɛ́ ́ŋ wanək kwɛ̀ŋ cf. Gaam wind, Liguri

unɛʈɛ, Tama ùtu, Murle itat, early

morning

ʔjooʔjoon

earth, soil,

ground

kɔ̀rɔ̀m kɔrɔŋ kwɔ́rɔk

eat láma lámaʈà láma lámaɖà láma lámaɖà cf. Gaam nàm, Lugbara ɲá, Songhay nã, Kunama ŋa, Tama ŋàn, ? Ama tàm,

eat one’s fill gumàk gumaʈàk eat together lamana lamaʈána egg warɪs kwaraʔ kwɔrɛk kwaraʔ kwɔrɛɖàk kwaraʔ cf. Nara ware, Daju Sila

wálace. If the plural k-

prefix is old, the many

forms across Nilo-Saharan

of the type #kol- including

Songhay guri woud be

cognate.

eight kɔ́ŋɔnʈɪ̀n kéṭàʔ aɓɓà elbow rɪ́pìʔ kɪrɪ́pìʔ kwóɽörɛ̀k ṭɔŋwɔrɛ̀k kuɽɔŋwɔr

ɛ̀k

elephant lɔ́ŋɔ̀n kɪlɔ́ŋɔ̀nɪ̀k lɔŋɔ́ ̀ l kɪlɔ́ŋɔlɪk lɔŋɔ́ ̀ ŋ kúlɔŋɔ́ ̀ ŋ eleven ámù[k] fuɖɪ ́

gɪ́ɗɗe

empty II ʈáámɛ̀ kɪɖáámɪ̀k empty, dry rààrì ʈɔ́mɛ̀ kuɖɔ́mɪ̀k < Daju enclosure,

corral

gɛ̀ʈ kɪgɛ̀ʈɪ̀n araká kɪsárakaɖɪ̀n

enemy ɔɗɔn ɗosoʔ also ‘stranger’,

‘slave’

enter ʔdii ʔɖiaʈanai (to speaker)

12



enter ʔduu ʔbulɔʈu, ʔbulaʈanai

(from

speaker)

evening nèègí, nɛɛ̀ ̀gí everywhere láàŋɪni kɛ̀ṭɛ́kɛ̀ʈ ‘place in

all’

ewe kɪríàŋ kɪkɪríàŋ kʷɔ́gɔmɪ̀k kʷɔ́gɔmàʔ kokomeɖàk kɔ́kɔ́mɛ́k exit ʔdii ʔɖiaʈanai (to

speaker)

exit ʔɖuu ʔbulɔʈu (from speaker)

ɖákɪŋ

eye nɪ́ŋɪ̀nàʈ kɛɛ̀ ́n náánɪ̀k kɛ́nyɪ̀ŋ náŋanàk kɪɗákɪŋyɛ̀ŋ

face =

kɪ́nyɛ́ŋ cf. Mangbetu nɛ́ŋɔ̀, Ama aŋɛ̀, Dinka ɲin,

face kɛɛ̀ ́n lit. ‘eyes’ kɛ́nyɪ̀ŋ lit. ‘eyes’ kɪ́ŋyɛ́ŋ cf. eyes in Nilotic

faeces,

excrement

ɔŋɪ̀s kɪ́ŋɔ kínyòʔ kɪŋyàʔ kɪ́ŋyáá

fall (rain) lè

fall (v.) ʈurò ʈuraʈò bɛɖɛlà armulà armulaɖà fall from level

fall from nyúnyákì nyúnyaʈákì fall from

height

saguɖulà

family rágàʔ kɪ́rágàʔ fan, deleb

palm

papɪs kipapa fahɪk kɪfafááʔ

far ŋgɔnɔrràŋ stem = ràŋ aḍd)ákɪŋ keewáɗɗáwɛ̀ŋ fat ʔbɛ̀kàn ʔbɛ̀kàʈàʈ lúmwullɛ̀ people ɗokorok fat a. kɪlɪmunnàŋ kɪʈɛɛ́ ́ lɪmu

ɖannàŋ

fat n. kɪṭínyɔ̀ nányɛɖə́ ̀k nányàʔ pl. kɪnányàʔ

ḍokorok cf. Ilit anya, Ciita yin, Bari nyiret,

father, my ápà apà áfa cf. Tulishi apa, Ama aba,

Meidob abbá, Berta Undu

àbbá etc.

father, your konò kweinuŋ cf. Kamdang kɔ, fear (v.) wɔ̀nɔ̀ wɔ̀ʈɔ̀nɔ̀ ö́ri ö́riɖɛ̀ arlɛ̀k arlɛɖɛ̀k feather k(w)ómpɛrɪ̀ʈ k(w)ómpɛr kuhúhúɖə̀k kúhúhùk àguruk kugúru

13



female [nɖa]lmɛ ̀ kunɖóólɪ̀k

fence lálàʔ kílálàʔ aak kwoor(u)parɪk

fence,

enclosure

few kárɖìʔ few tears kalakɔ́màʔ field ɔ́jɔ̀m kɔ́jɔ́mɪ̀k fɔ́k kuhaɖàʔ agɛŋ kɛɛ́ ́mɪ̀k fifteen ámù[k] fuɖɪ́

gɪ́ḍɛŋàk

fifty ʈeaɗi kɛ kɪ́ɗenàk

fig, wild ópujɪ̀ʈ ápɔ̀s cf. Arabic jammēz

fight,

struggle (n.)

áʔɖáʈ

fill s.t. píkú píkóʈù kwɔ́rnyù kwɔ́rnyaɖù

find, see,

discern

ɗɪka ɗɪkaʈa

finger nínàʈ nʈɛ́ ɗál kɛ́n nʈɛ́ kɪɖɛ́l hand + child

ɗálanɪ̀k kányagááyɪ̀ŋ

child of

hand

ɖá[k] na nánàk kɪɗágɛ́ŋ

finish s.t. mɔrú mɔrɔʈú finish, cease,

stop

mɔrú mɔrɔʈú

fire pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋ kɪ̀pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋɪ̀k pö́ḍɪ̀ŋ kɪpö́ḍɪ̀ŋ fáɗɪ̀ŋ kɪfáɗɪ̀ŋ cf. Bongo pfoɗu, Bagirmi podu

firewood mɛ́rɛŋ márɛnyɪ̀k márɛ̀ŋ maranyɪ̀k mɛɛrɛk first lúlɔ̀, lɔ́lɔ̀ fish kálálɪ̀s kálálàʔ also lálìs álélɪk kálálaʔ kɛ́lɛ́ɖak káála cf. Tulishi kalowa’ (fishes),

So kɔlɛʔ, Dongolawi kā́rɛ, Kara kánza, Turkana ekolia

fist nánàk nḍɪ́ŋɪlà five ŋgɛ́ɗɗàʈ,

ŋgɛ́ɗɪnàʈ, ɗínaʈ

keḍinàk) kɪ́ɗenàk

14



flame ŋáɗɪmàk ya hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ

kɪŋáɗɪmàk kɛ hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ

tongue of

fire

flame panaʈ kipanaʈi údùk ya hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ

kwúɗɪ̀ŋ kɛ hö́ɗɪ̀ŋ

mouth of

fire

lílíŋàk

flat rock ṭáfálɪ̀k kɪɽafáálì flee, run

away, fall

from

ɲúnyákì ɲúnyaʈákì

flood mɔ́nɔ́ŋ floor, earth,

ground

kɔ̀rɔ̀m

flower ʈogɔ́yokɪʈɛ̀ʈ ʈogɔ́yokɪʈà ʈuliɖä̀ ʈolɛŋ ʈulɛnyiɖàk ʈulɛŋ fly n. ɔ́ŋɪ̀s kɔ́ŋàʔ kɔ́ŋwɛ̀k kɔ́ŋwàʔ kɔ́ŋwɛ̀k cf. Lugbara óŋú, Liguri

Daju aŋax, fly, rise,

stand up

ŋɛ́ʈàk ŋɛ́ʈaʈàk pó ʈuhóʈó fúfúŋò fufúŋáʈáɖò

follow oŋiʈi, aŋiʈi oŋiʈaʈɔ food lámàʈ kɪlámàʈɪ̀k lámàk lámàk foot, leg ɔ́llòk kwɔ́óaɖɛ̀ állùk kwúlɖɪ̀ŋ cf. Mamwu kalʊ (leg),

Gaam lúɖ, Berta Sillok lu (leg)

foot, leg áwàʈ kwúlʈɪ̀n cf. Krongo àwwà forbid ányɛk ányɛʈak forehead ṭáŋa kɪɽáŋa foreigner,

stranger

ɔɗɔn ɗosoʔ áɗɛ̀ŋ nɖóɖɪ̀ŋ nɛɛ̀ ̀ ʔ kɪnɖóɖɪ̀ŋ

forest, bush ɔ̀gɔ̀ʈ áámɔ̀ álelei kuɓɪŋ forge (v.) bàʈi ṭɪ́ṭɪʈ bàʈaʈà ṭɪ́ṭɪʈ bàɖè bàɖà to strike bá báɖà forget ʈɔɔ̀ ̀ lu ʈɔɔ̀ ̀ lɔʈu forty ʈeaḍi kɛ

kwɔŋwɔŋ

four kɔ́ŋɔn kwɔ́ŋùŋ kwɔŋwɔŋ fox ṭaŋarɪk kɪṭaŋarɪk friend wórɪ́nyà kórɪ́nyànɪ̀ úrunyɪ̀ŋ kúrunyɔ̀ ɔrɔŋyɪ́ŋ frog, toad kwúɗóʔ kúkwúɗóʔ kwuɗóʔ kwúúɗóʔ aʈáuɗaʔ kɪ́ʈáuɗɪ̀k full kapúkanùk kɪjɛnɛ kégwɔ́rnyunàŋ gather oʔbulɔ oʔbulɔʈɔ

15



gecko kafunḍóliyòʔ kɪnɪ́ŋ kafunḍóliyòʔ

giraffe kɔbɔrɛ̀ʔ kɔɔ́ ́bɔrɛ̀k giraffe mɪrɪ́n kɪmɪrɪ́nɪ̀k mɪrɪ́l kɪmɪrláʔ mɛrlɪk kɪmɛrliyà

ʔ

girl púsùŋ kɪpúsùŋɪ̀k ɗál iɖa nàmɛ̀ʔ

kányaŋ kiɖóllɪk

give okú okuʈɔ̀kù ʈɪn ʈɪnaɖà ʈɪņi ʈɪņɖi give back ɛɖákì ɛɖákiaʈákì go ìʈák ìʈàʈák ɪ́ɖɖà ɪ́ʈà ɪņɖá aʈá cf. Didinga to, Bari tu,

Berta Undu àdá, Mabaan

ootta,

go and meet

s.o.

urɔ urɔʈɔ

go down gɪro gɪraʈo go up (away

from

speaker)

kalak kalaʈak

go up

(towards

speaker)

kolí kalaʈái

goat (f.) nâ kàɪ́ náʔ lígáátə̀k naʔ kai goat (m.) kwɔɔ́ ̀rlàʔ kukwɔɔ́ ̀rlàʔ,

kukúrlàʔ kwɔ́rɔmàl kwúrumàlɔ̀

ʔ kɔrmak kɔrmɪ̀k

goat, male kɔrmak kɔrmɪ̀k God, rain,

sky

náŋanàʈ Ɓáròʔ = ‘shadow, spirit’

masalɪ̀k < Kadu Masala

good nʈóbàn konʈóbàn, kunʈóbàn

ö́yyòʔ anaɖítòʔ áyùk áʈò cf. Lotuxo ol-oyyu,

goodbye ìʈák ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ ókúúʈɪ̀n

Go and the

world blow

upon you

goodbye ìʈík kɛ nʈábàn ìʈàʈák kɛ konʈíbàn

Go well körönyɪk kaaraŋ

gourd tááɖaɖàk kɪɖááɖaɖàk nɗɔ̀ŋ kɪnɗɔ̀ŋ gourd ṭɔ́ŋ kɪ̀ṭɔ́ŋàʔ áyùk áʈò

16



gourd ṭɔ́ŋ kɪ́ṭɔ́ŋàʔ púnyɔŋ kuhúnyɔnɪ́k

kárḍɛ̀ŋ kiáárḍɛ̀ŋ gourd small

granary ʈálàp kɪ́ʈálàpɪ́k d únnùŋ kud únnɪ̀ farɪk kɪfarɪk grass ɔ́yɔ́mɪ̀ʈ ɔ́yɔ́m áyòŋ áyòŋɖə̀k áyòŋɖàk áyòŋ grave, tomb ṭúkanàʈ kuṭúkanàʈ ṭwáánɪ̀k koɽóónàʔ ṭuanàk kuɽuánɛ̀ green yɔ́yɔm kiyɔ́yɔmɪ̀ emɪmɪ̂l aŋgarmàʔ grindstone

for oil

ánɗulùk kánɗulùk

ground ʈábbàŋ kɪ́ɖabbèk ground

between

khors

ʈufɔ̀k kʉɖufɔ̀k

groundnut ʈómpúkɪʈɛ̀ʈ ʈámpúkò kwáásɪ́lɪɖä̀l kwáásɪ́l akuɖubeɖàk akuɖubò guinea-fowl nánɪ̀ŋ kɪ́ŋ guinea-worm fɪrɪnɖídɪk kɪfɪrɪnɖíd

ɪk

hail koroŋɪ̀ʈ kíkaraŋ hair jɛ́ʈɪ̀ʈ kɪ́jɛ̀ʈ kijáɖɪ̀k kíjàk kíjaɖàk kíjàk cf. Ama jè, hand, arm nínâʈ kɛ́n ɛ́nnɛ̀k kɛ́ŋ nánák kɛ́ŋ cf. So ân, Lotuxo aanɪ,

Toposa akan, Ilit kona,

happy màksúúʈ < Arabic mabsuuṭ

óòmɔ̀nʈóbàn ‘good in belly’

happy óòmɔ̀ nʈóbàn lit. ‘good belly’

hard, dry,

empty

nʈɪ̀rààrɪʔ nyàrɪ̀ ṭáárɪ̀k kɛɽáárɪ̀k

hare ʈíàʈ kɪʈíàʈì sák kɪsɛŋ cf. charcoal

ʈɛ̀k kɪɖɛ́k

hartebeest káburàŋɛ̀ káburàŋɪ̀k asɪnɪ́k kasunó harvest (n.) pílɔn harvest (v.) píli píloʈɔ has aʈɛ has, he áʈɛ hate (v.),

refuse,

dislike

ányak ányaʈak

have, I ŋáʈáʈɛ have, they áʈáʈɛ

17



hawk nɔ́i na gwóóròk

he, she nákà ɛnnáʔ nɛ́ head lulò k(w)olúlɪ̀n,

kululɪ̀n óllò kúllìɖɪ̀ŋ állò kwúlɖɪ́ŋ cf. Dinik ɔ́r, Gaam ɔ́l,

Meidob or,

hear ʈóŋwà ʈóŋwàʈà ʈuŋwa ʈuŋwaðà ʈɔŋwa ʈɔŋwaɖà cf. Ilit tüka heart

(physical)

óòm ṭɔɔ́ ́mà also seat of emotions

? cf. Tama àmùl

heart

(physical)

ḍalááɖónò kɪdááɖónɪ̀k ɗanááɖonò kɪɗááɖonò

cf. Kanga ɖunugu

hearth,

fireplace

láàŋ ná pɔ́ɗɪ̀ŋ kɪ̀láánʈɪ̀k kɪná

kɪmsɛ́msi

heavy nʈɛ̀nnɛ̀ kɪnʈɛ̀nnɛ̀ ánnɛ̂ʔ aŋŋɛ̀k naaɖɪ́nnɛ̀k

heel nanɖɪɖɪ̀k kɛnɖɪɖɪ̀k Hello ʔja nʈɪ́kɛ

nʈóbàn ʔja kíʈɪ́kɛ konʈóbàn

Are you

not well?

help mákì baŋa maʈákì ~ here nʈàkànì aláŋ ánú hide ʔbɪ́lónòk ʔbɪ́laʈónòk hide s.t. ʔbɪ́li ʔbɪ́láʈɔ̀ hippopotamu

s

opún na múŋ ‘bull of water’

algɪrɪ́nʈì kaalgɪrɪ́nʈì < Arabic girinti

opún na muŋ kopún na muŋ

‘bull of

water’

his, her

father

kɔ́nyúnɔ̀ kányúnà kɔnyunà kwainá

hit báá bááʈà ɓa, baɖa báɖì báʈʈà strike hit báʈɛ̀ báʈàʈà [or ɖ] hoe n. kɪɽɪ́ɲ kɪkɪɽɪ́ɲ ṭɔ́gwɔ̀ŋ kɔ́ɽɔgwɔ̀ŋ ṭɔŋɔ́ŋ kuɽɔŋɔ́ŋ hoe v. léí láÍéí

hoeing lɛɛ́ ́ŋ hold,

grasp, catch

kɔ́mùk kɔ́mɔʈɔ̀k kömu kömuɖa kəmu komaÍà

hole (w)úún kúúnɪ̀k uuŋ kunik honey ʈɪ́ju also ‘bee’ ʈúju ʈuju kuɖuju horn kɪ́nɪʈ kɪ́n kinɪk kɪŋ kiŋik kiŋíà cf. Kipsigis kúínò, horn,

instrumental

ʈɪrikɔk kùʈúrùkìyòʔ

18



horse mánʈà kɪmánʈà [could be ɖ not a ʈ]

móʈòʔ komóʈòʔ mɔ̀ʈò kumɔ̀ʈɔ̀

house nyáà, nyuáà kwíìʔ ɓɔ́k kuböö́ ́ ɖɪ̀ŋ ɓok kwik how many? ɗɛɛkɛɛ̀ ̀ aba ɗɛɛ ́ ́ how? ŋɛɛ́ ́nɔ́ ɛbei alkáí How is it? hundred sakar

ŋgɛ́mmùk ʈeaɗi kɛ mùk

hungry, be nánàŋ ɔ́tù ‘hunger kills [me]’

nanàŋ hunger nánàŋ hunger

hungry, be II aʈak hunt (v.) ɛsiʈuk ɛsʈaʈuk ɪɖɖa lámɔ ɪʈá lámɔ go hunting ɪņɖá lamɔ aʈá lamɔ hunting lɔ́m lám lamɔk hyena,

spotted

ŋóŋóŋ kuŋóŋóŋí agwúúk kwugwóóʔ aŋwúk kúŋwuàʔ

hyena,

striped

séégàʔ kɪséégàʔ

I, me nán náŋ náŋ cf. Bari nân, Acholi an, Gaam áán,

immediately,

suddenly

koomoʈoni

inside ɛnɛ lááŋ lááŋ= place intestines,

guts

kwúrúnyɪʈ kwúrúny kwurɪ́ŋɪdə̀k kwurɪ́ŋ kwúrɪ́ŋy

iron ṭɪ́ʈɪʈ kɪṭɪ́ṭì sg. = ‘piece of

iron’

alilliiɖək alelèʔ lelɪk alelɪk < Keiga

jackal bɔ̀rɔ̀l kɪbɔ̀rɔ̀lì waaŋ kwaanɪk waŋ kuwaŋ cf. Dinka awàn

jaw guṭɔkɪ̀ʈ kigɔṭɔ̀k kɛ́bɛbɪ̀k kábabàʔ kɛbɛkɛbɛ́ʔ kɪbɛkɛ́beʔ

jaw ṭuṭokɪ̀ʈ koṭoṭak judge (v.) ákumá ákumáʈa < Arabic jump (v.) ṭáŋkɪrà ṭáŋkɪràʈà Keiga Jirru ḍóni kick báá ɛ áwàʈ bááʈà hit with

foot

kidney kɪ́gɪ̀n

19



kidney kurwɪɲ kuməɖä̀k kumɔ̀ŋ ɗá[k] na kumàŋ

kiɗá kumàŋ

kill ɔ́ʈù ɔ́ʈóʈù óɖò óɖoɖò áɖù áɖaɖù cf.Bongo atun, Bari tatʊ, knee nɔ́ŋgù kɪnɔ́ŋgù,

kɪnɔ́ŋgùʈɪ̀n nóù kə́wɪ̀ŋ nóù kɪnóù cf. Bari kuŋú, Mabaan uŋu,

kneel, crawl kuṭukú kuṭukóʈu knife pókò, pógò kɪ́pókò,

kúpókò,

kópókò

sakínɪ̀ʔ kɪsákinɪ̀ʔ ʈoroŋ kuɖoroŋɛ̀ʔ

know áya(k) áyáʈà(k) ɛɛ́ ́ ʔ ááɖɛ̀ ái áyaɖɛ̀ cf. Tama ajili, Maasai a-yioló, Ik iyes,

kokaab kányamuràʔ kɛnɪŋkányamuràʔ

kujur múseeʔ kumúseeʔ

lake, pool,

pond

kúlàʔ kukúlàʔ surwóó kusurwóó lɔfɔŋ kulɔfɔŋ

lamb, kid kɔ́rɔ́màn kukúrúmùn land-monitor gɔ́ŋgɔrɔ̀ŋ kɪgɔ́ŋgɔrɔŋɪ̀k karaɓúŋ kááraɓáʔ ŋárábú kɪŋárábú language,

word, speech

lɔ́ŋɔʈ ílák cf. word alŋak

last, final kinʈɪrɪk laugh (v.) ŋolɪlì ŋolɪʈaʈàʔ mɛ́lʈɪɖà mɛ́lʈɪʈà kúɽɪʃɪɖà kúɽɪʃʈaɖà leaf ? ṭoorɛɖàk ṭaaro Tese < Kadu e.g. Tulishi

kin-ʈaro/ø- leaf kɔ́bùkɪ́ʈ kabó cf. Luo oboke, ? Tama aful leave off s.t. suku sukoʈu leave, let

alone

jɔŋgwa jɔŋgwaʈa

left hand nínàʈ nʈɛ́ kɔ́kɔ́lɛ̀ʔ

ɛ́nnɛ̀k ɪɖááʔ kule

nánà[k] na

kwáálɛ ̀

leopard ɔlúŋ kɔlúŋɪ̀k ʈunnuʔ kuɖunnuʔ ʈojoròʔ kuɖojoròʔ

leper áḍɛ̀ŋ na ʈónyɪ̀ŋ nɛɛ̀ ̀gɪna ʈónyɪ̀ŋ

leprosy ʈónyɪ̀ŋ lick ɗénɗenyàk ɗénɗenyaʈàk nánnányiɖà nánnányiʈà ɗaŋei ɗaŋaɖei licking áɗainyɪɖàk

20



lie (v.) ilɛŋéì ʔɖuyaŋaʈ

light (not

heavy)

pùl, pwɔ̀l kɛpwɔ̀l yɛhálhallɪ̀k nyɪfɛlfɛllɛ̀k

light fire ukú ukóʈa kúú kwəɖa light leather fáyuŋ kɪfáyuŋ lightning ámakalàn biɖɪnàŋ làmà[k] na nók lightning nyamaʈa lion kámpɪ̀ŋ kɪ́kámpɪ̀ŋɪ̀k [or

kɪ́kámpɪ̀ŋɪ̀kì] ásaɖ ásaɖa < Arabic ʈiamùk agamù

live, dwell kárpànà kárpàɖànà liver múrɪ̀ʈ kɪmúrʈɪkɔ̀ múrɪ̀k kúmúrɪ̀k múrɪ̀ŋ kúmúrɪ̀ŋ cf. Ama máɽɪ̀ɲ, Teso emaɲ,

Songhay dāmal, Zaghawa màán

lizard kɔ́ŋgɔlɔ̀s kɪ́ŋgɔlɔ̀ʔ kikɪ́lbaʈúrɛ̀ kííkɪ́lbaʈúrɛ̀

locust wulɪ̀ʈ kwulɪ̀n wulɪ̀k kwulɛ̀ŋ allɪ́k kwulɪk long sagal(l)áʔ asaŋaláʔ asɛsaŋalɪ́

k

< Kadu e.g. Keiga -asagala

long njɔ́rʈàʔ, njɔ́rʈàk

kɪnjɔ́rʈàʔ, kɪnjɔ́rʈàk

cf. Gaam jáár, ? Ilit geer-a,

lose s.t. wayaŋa wayaŋaʈa louse gámuíʈìʈ gámul

21



man (vir) kwórʈòʔ kwóròʔ < Nubian e.g.

Kadaru

kworto

ʈam(m)aɖám(m)àk

ʈákak áɗɛŋ ņɖáámàk ŋɛɛ ̀ ̀kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ

cf. Tama máá

many kɛ́lṭɪ̀ŋ, ɛ́mbɛrɛ̀n, ɛ́mbɛràn

many ajjáŋ many káʈábák cf. Katcha (k)aɖagbo market kɔ́lɔ́ʔbɪ̀ʈ kɔkɔ́lɔ́ʔbɪ̀ʈ dakulabana market súúk < Arabic asúk kəsuk < Arabic marry (men) àràmà àràmàʈà marsh ɗagi kɪɗagi mat albɪ́rɪs káálbɪrɪs < Arabic mat bɪ́rɪsù kɪbɪ́rɪsù < Arabic bɪròʃ buruuʃ < Arabic albɪrsɪ̀k kalbɪrsɛ̀ < Arabic maternal

grandmother

ám n-ánnà

meat nʈɛ̀ʈɪ̀ʈɛ̀ʈ nʈɛ̀ʈ meat liɖə̀k bɪlanɖàk (one

piece) ɪnɖàk kɪnɖaɖɪ̀k archaic, for

merly ɪlɖàk cf. Tulishi tu’-da’, Mbay dã̀, Kreish àtə́, Kanuri da

medicine,

root

mɔ́rɔ̀ʔ kɪmɔ́rɔ̀ʔ muréék kumɔrɔ móreɖàk komórò

meet so.

coming in

opposite

direction

urɔnɔ wɔʈɔnu

milk (n.) kíí sàáʔ kíí milk (v.) kɔ́njulúk kɔ́njulɔ́ʈɔ̀k ɗúúɖu ɗúúʈu kweilu kweilɛɖà modern

medicine

ɖáwà

22



mother, their ámunanyɔ mother, your ɔ́ŋúnɔ̀ ámmunɔ̀ ámunuŋ mountain,

hill, stone

kúrɛ̀ʈ kukúrɛ̀ʈ widespread for ‘stone’. cf. Birgid kuur,

mountain,

hill, stone

bɔ̀bɔ́rɔ̀t kì-bóbóròt-ɪ̀ uɖumɪk kuɖumɪk uɖumɪk kuɖumɪk hill, mountain

mouth íʈùk k(w)úʈɪ̀n úɖùk kwúɖɪ̀ŋ áɖùk kwúɖɪ̀ŋ cf. Murle otok, Bari kutuk, Maiak (+ most of Nilotic)

ʈok, Fur ùtò, much ɛ́mbɛràn much, very keṭṭu mud ʈɔkiʈɛ̀ʈ ʈɔk ʈɔ̀k ʈɔk mud wall kumáŋgál kukumáŋgáli mushroom kɪɖéékɪɖàk kɪɖɛɛ́ ́kɛ́ my maternal

grandfather

áfa n-ánnà

my maternal

grandfather

kwai n-ánnà

my paternal

grandfather

áfa n-apa

my paternal

grandfather

kwai n-apa

my paternal

grandmother

ám n-apa

my sister aranyuná nɔ̀ŋ nʈɛ́ púsùŋ

árɪŋà arɪ́ŋà[ɪ] nɖálmɛ ́

name kàlɪ́n, kàlɪ́ŋ pl. sometimes kikàlì

kalɪŋ kalɪk cf. Katcha ɛrɛ, Meidob eere, Lotuxo kari, Baka iri

narrow kárianùk éjɪnyɪlàʔ amɪɗɪlàʔ navel kwúllɔ̀ʔ kwúúllɔ́ʔ kúllà kugúllɛ̀ŋ navel,

prominent

sulúkuʈúk kusulúkuʈúkì surukurùk kusurukurùk

near ʈɪkáʔ eɖɪkaʔ kééɖikà neck ŋálòʔ kɪŋóónɖɪ̀n ŋálo kɪŋáɖɖɪŋ ŋálo kɪŋáʈɪŋ cf. Daju Shatt ŋase, Gaam

ŋálg, necklace karɗòʔ nʈɛ

olaʈ kuurk kɪɖáá

ɗaaɗarak nyarɗaʔ

net for fish kömɪk köömɪk

23



new n(ɗ)ɪ́ŋàn kɪnɗɪ́ŋàn aŋáŋ áŋaŋ cf. Shilluk ɲan, Gule gaŋas, next year áwuḍḍɛ̀ŋ nice áɗɗɪŋ night ʔjóón kuʔjóónɪ̀k ʔjúnì koʔjúnì ajunì cf. Bagirmi njó Nile monitor nyɛ́màl kɪnyɛ́malɪ̀k Varanus

niloticus

nine ŋgɛʈúùn keɗina[k] nya ááŋùŋ

jálɪ́gɪ̀ɗɛ ̀

no álaaŋ asɛ not no láʔ < Arabic nose kɪ́mɪ́nʈɪ̀n kɪkɪ́mɪ́nʈɪ́nì kɪ́mɖɪ̀ŋ kɪɖɪ́mɖɪ̀ŋ cf. Tama àmɪt, Berta Undu

àmʊ́ŋ, Lugbara umvú, Maiak umu,

nose mámárɔ̀k kɔ́marɛ̀k cf. Kanga mɔrɔk, Daju Njalgul man-,

now kááʈanì alaʔŋ oil nyínyàʔ Sg: bɪla

nyínyàʔ. Pl:

kɪnyínyàʔ

oil ɗúúsì bɪla nyínyàʔ kɪnyínyàʔ old (people) ʈíí kiṭííɔ papá áfaŋa old (things) rùn, nɗórùn kɪnɗórùn orɪŋ asíù = ‘bad’ one kíɗɔŋ kíɖɔ kɪ́ɗɗe cf. Uduk ɗe, Bagirmi kɛ́ɗɛ, onion marjɛlʈɛʈ marjɛl < Arabic

basal

open kɔ́ɖù kɔ́ɗɔʈɔ̀ kɔ́ɖuɖu kɔ́ɖuʈu kwɔɗiʈú kwɔɗiʈaɖá

ostrich ʈɪ́mɔnɪ̀ʈ kɪ́ʈɪmɔ̀n ʈúɖɖumò kúúʈumɪ̀k ánɖumàŋ kúnɖumɪ̀k

< Kadu

other ńɗɔ̀ kɪʔja ídə̀ŋ ɪ́ɗɗèŋ cf. So ɛdɛn, Gaam ɗààn, Dinka daŋ,

outside ɛnɛ lááŋ over, above kɪ́rɪ̀ŋ ullʷalɪŋ ɪllɛ́r- over, above lúllò cf. head

owl ʔduuki kuʔduuki penis ṭɪŋɪ̀n kɪṭɪŋɪnì ámmɔ̀r káámmɔ̀r ámurùk kámurùk pepper ʃaṭṭa

24



pepper filfil

25



python ɪ́ri, irí kirí ɪríí kiiriʔ ə́ri kɪniə́ri quick

(eating)

saromsarom

quick

(running)

kwolṭɪŋ

quickly ásulá sákorɛʈ, sákorɛʈ

sɔɔ́ ́mɛ ̀ kusɔɔ́ ́mɛ̀

rain, sky,

God

náŋanàʈ nók not God nók

rainbow úlul kùlúlɪ̀k kafunɗɔ́lɪnyɔ̀ŋ rainy season waaʈɪn ram ṭúmpúlɔ̀ʔ kuṭúmpúlɔ̀ʔ ṭúgʷɔ̀ʔ kúɽugʷɔ̀ʔ ṭuŋwáʔ kuɽuŋwɪ̀k < Kadu rat, brown báákú kubáákú

rat, mouse ʈɛ́ɗɪŋ, ʈɪ́ɗɪŋ kɪʈɪ́ɗɪŋ, kɪʈɛ́ɗɪŋ ṭɛ́d ɛ́ŋ kɪɗɛ́d ɛ́ŋ ṭɛ́ɗɪ́ŋ kɪ́ṭɛ́ɗɪ́ŋ red nʈɛ̀rɛ̀ kɪnʈɛ̀rɛ̀ örutwɛʔ orbɛk also or ɛk

archaic

remember ɗoɗɪ́k ɗoɗɪ́kiʈik rest, breathe áŋak áŋaʈak return here kɪ́rɪ́ŋònìk kɪ́rɪ́ŋàʈànài ɗáŋŋanà ɗáŋŋananà ʈúsanà ʈúsaɖanà return there kɪ́rɪ́ŋànàk kɪ́rɪ́ŋàʈànàk rib kúrúkɔk kùkúrúkɔkɪ̀ kɪ́ŋinɪ̀k kɛŋɪ́ ́ŋ kiniɖək kɪ̀ŋ rich sɪ́l kɪsɪ́loʔ < Hill Nubian. lit ‘chief’ rifle, gun almúnɖuŋ kálmunɖ

uŋ

right hand nínàʈ nʈɛ́ bɔ́kùn

ɛ́nnɛ̀k yáá lámàk

1

nánà[k] na

lamàk

‘hand of

food’

rise, go up ŋɛ́ʈàk ŋɛ́ʈaʈàk ŋáʈarɪ̀ŋ ŋáʈaʈarɪ̀ŋ river pɔ́kɪʈ kɪpɔ́kiʈɪ̀n súrɔ́ʔ kusúrɔ́ʔ kɪri road aro, arw kɔ́rr áro kwárɪŋ cf. Nandi ɔɔ̀ ̀r, road ɔ́nʈɪ̀ʈ kɔ́nʈɪ̀n ? cf. So ôd, roan antelope kɔ́lloruk kwɔ́llɛrɪ̀k rock rááràŋ kɪrááràŋ root muréék kumɔrɔ vein,

sinew

1 ‘hand of food’

26



root, vein kɪ́rɪkɪ̀rɪ̀ʈ kɪrákɪràʔ kɪ́rɪk kɛ̂r kíriɖàk kírɪk root, vein, sinew

, tendon

Assuming the underlying

root is –ri(k) this looks very

much like Niger-Congo

forms

rope mɪ̀s máà lɔ̀l kalɔ́l lɔ̀k kɔlány rope hanging

frame, net

sɛsɪlàŋ sɛsɪlàŋì lɔ̀kɔ̀k kɪ́nílɔ̀kɔ̀k

rope, cattle rók kurók

round,

spherical

ṭɔ́ŋkɔlɔŋanɛ̀n oɗogoláʔ kéŋɔrʈunà

rub, wipe kurana kuraʈana run kajaŋài kajaŋaʈài ráʈʈà ráttaɖà ráʈʈà ráʈʈaɖà sack, bag,

waterskin

ṭúlúkɔ̀ʔ kuṭúlúkɪ̀k bɪlaɖɛ < KK

sacrifice for

dead

kɛ̀lɛ̀ŋ

sad, angry,

sorry

pori

saliva kùmùʔ salt sɛlɛlɪnʈɛʈ sɛlɛlɛ sɛlɪk bɪlasɛlɛŋ sɛlɛŋ < Kadu

N.B. biis

a dim.

prefix

same as ɛ kɪ̀lí kɪnyàŋ lit. ‘with their

bodies’

sand pɔ́kɪ̀ʈ ɖ/ð also river, valley

ʈɛnnɪ́k ʈɛ́ŋ cf. Mayak tiŋil

saw (v.) ʔbɔʈɔka ɛ munʃáár

< Arabic

say ilɛŋéì ilɛŋɛ̀ʈéì nyá nyaɖáá nyá nyɛ́ʈá scar kɔ̀rànɛ́n scar súkurʈɛ̀ʈ súkur, kusúkúrì scorpion nyínyɔ̀ŋ kunyínyɔ̀ŋ nányòŋ kunányòŋ nyúnyɔ̀ŋ kinyúnyɔ̀

ŋ

scratch (v.) aŋgurana aŋguraʈana scrotum kuÍɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ

27



see aŋkɪlɪ̀k aŋkɪlàʈa ŋk assimilates

to ŋg

? Nubian Kadaru ŋɛl, Fur ögil,

see pà faɖa fù faaɖà seed ʈɛɛ́ ̀ ʈɪ̀ʈ ʈɛɛ́ ̀ ʈ ʈɔ́yoɖə̀k ʈòyɔ́k ʈééyɪɖàk ʈééyàk < Katcha ʈɔyɔ/na- self kɪ̀líʔ body +

reflexive

pronoun

sell, buy kɔ́lɔ́ʔbà kɔ́lɔ́ʔbàʈà kwɔ́kwɔ́labà also ‘buy many

things’

send agɪlɪ́k agɪlàʈàk sesame káfálaŋ afóŋ na

káfálaŋ

sesame káfalɛɖàk kiáfálàŋ seven kálákaròk kwɔ́ŋuŋ

nyɛɖanàʔ 4 + 3 àŋwàiɖànàʔ

sew ranɗɪnà ranɗɪnàʈà ɗáɗɗarɖà ɗáɗɗarʈà áɗ[ɪ]rʈì áɗɪrʈaɖà sewing áɗ(ɪ)rˇàk shadow,

spirit

ʔbɔɔ́ ̀ kuʔbɪ́ny, kuʔbɪ́ŋ

ɓáròʔ cf. God boro kuboro

shake head

sideways

pipiṭikɔ pipiṭikɔʈɔ

sharp aʈɛʔkɛɛ́ ̀ ʔ ‘has teeth’ saiccók aɖɛ kèèʔ ‘has teeth’

sharp ṭɛlʈɛl aicakarrà shield dáragà kɪdáragà < Arabic shield wór, wúr kwòráʔ ʈɔ́nɔ̀ŋ kuɖɔɔ́ ́nɪk láŋ kɪ́laŋ archaic

word

shiver ɔ́làk ɔ́laʈàk shoe óɖuŋɪ̀k kinyúnyɔ̀

ŋ

shoot gun ármà almùnɖù ármaɖà kalmùnɖù

short sɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ kɪsɛ̀rɛ̀ʔ oɗogoláʔ anɖɪŋɪràʔ shoulder kɔ́kɔlɔŋɪ̀ʈ kíkɔlɔ̀ŋ mésawèk kemésawà

ʔ lɔfɔk kulɔfɔk

shout kugɪ̀k kugwaʈà kwáá

28



shout, weep wujìk wojoʈɔ̀k ɗɔ́rɔnà ɗɔ́rɔnaɖà shut yákà yákaʈà ɗɛ́kkɪrà ɗɛ́kkɪràɖa nyakɪɖà nyakɪɗaɖ

à

sick bòlébòlɪ́n, bùlɛ́bùlɛ́n

kùbòlá

side rɛmɛ kɪrɛmɛ sieve grain ulu ulɔʈɔ sing ssö ssöɖo sing síà síaɖà sister, his arányanà ɔrɔ́inà nɖálmɛ̀ sister, your áranɔ̀ ɔráinù[y]

nɖálmɛ̀

sit ʈɛ̀nyù ʈɛ̀ɲʈàʈù(k) cf. Dinik ɗɛ̀n, Berta Fadashi doŋoʃ,

sit kárpà kárpaɖà kárfulà kárfulaɖà six sɛ́ŋkɛ̀ʈ, sáŋgàʈ [or k not g] kwɔ̀ɖenɪ̀ŋ kɪɗenṭɪ̀ŋ sixteen ámù[k] fuɖɪ ́

gɪ́ɖenṭɪ̀ŋ

skin, hide laŋún kɪlaŋúni lanyɪ́k kɪlanyáʔ kɪlɛnyóʔ lɛnya kɪlɛnya sky náŋanàʈ nók also rain arŋóóɖàk slave ɔɗɔn desoʔ also,

stranger,

enemy

aɗuŋ kaɗuŋ aɗɔŋ kwɔɗɔŋ

sleep rɔ́ŋɪnùk rɔ́ŋɪnṭaʈùk ḍáŋ(g)ɪrɔ̀ ḍáŋ(g)ɪrɔ̀ɖɔ̀

ṭáŋunù ṭáŋanaɖù cf. Dinik tuŋgùn, Surmic e.g. Didinga taŋu,

slowly kɔ́nɔkɔnɔ́k slowly ŋɔ́nɔŋɔnɔ́k ɗúccókwàì small nsɪ̀ɗɪ̀ɗì kɪkɛ̀nɪ̀k ímúḍókwàk kɪ́mɪ́ḍɪ́ḍɪ̀k ɗúccàì ɗúccógw

àì

? Katcha -ɪʈiʈi

smell s.t. ŋóŋulù ŋóŋulaʈùk ŋwáń ŋwááɖa ŋwei ŋweiɖà smell, smelly ŋulaʈ smoke kɪ́ʈɪ́mùʔ,

kúʈúmùʔ, kɪ́ɖɪ́mùk

kuɖúmmɔ̀ʔ kuɖúmu ? Meidob kumédí if metathesis

smooth ʔbulu ʔbulùs ohólhollɪ̀k nyifúlfullɪ̀k snake lólùk, lólòk kɔ́lugɪ̀k,

kɔ́logɪ̀k lö́lùk kóliʔ laluk kwólɪŋ cf. Daju Shatt dɔl, Acholi

twol, Gaam ɖöö́ ́ r, ? So dɛu snap stick pílà fɪ́li fɪ́lÍaÍà

29



sneeze ɔ̀sak ɔ̀saʈak əssɪɖei əssɪʈei so ʈiṭɔk soft nyírguʈnyirgùʈ nyínyullunyull

ùk

soil ʈabbàŋ kɪ́ɖabbèk son, boy ɗál kɪɗɛ́l ɗák nɖáámàk kɪɗɪŋ

kɪnɖáámɪ̀ŋ

son, his ɗá[k]nanɛ̀ son, my ɗál ɛ́nnàŋ ɗánnáŋ son, your ɗál ɛ́nnàŋ

únnò

ɗánnɪ́ŋ

song málàn kumálánɪ̀ kɪsi kɪsiik kɪ̀sɪk sour ʈɪ́ɗɛ̀r aɗàrr àɗɛɛ̀ ̀rɪ̀k speak agɛʈa agɛʈaʈa speak ílɛŋɛ̀ ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀ speak to ílɔnɔ̀k ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀k ilɔ ilɔɖɔɔ́ ́ spear ṇsɔ̀ kɪn káɽaʔ kááɽàʔ kaɽa kiaɽa ? < Kadu spear, barbed sésɪ̀ŋ kɪsésɪ̀ŋ spider óò ná kɔ́ŋàʔ kwéèn kɪná

kɔ́ŋà lit. ‘dog of

flies’

aráárək —

spit báá kɔmú bááʈà kɔmú sɪkɪɖane a kumúʔ

sɪkɪɖanádɪk a kumúʔ

ɖɪʈanɛ ́ kumuʔ ɖɪʈaʈanɛ ́kumuʔ

kumuʔ = saliva

spit báʈɛ̀ kɔmú báʈàʈà kɔmú split ɛʈɛka ɛʈɛkaʈa split kɔ́rù kɔ́ràʈà kɔ́ru kɔ́rɖù kɔ́ru kwɔ́rʈaʈà spoon lɛnsá kɪlɛnsá káɓu kááɓuk spread s.t.

out

farɪʃɔ farɪʃɔʈɔ < Arabic ʈáppolo ʈáppoloɖo

squeeze nyúlà nyúlàʈà stab ápì ápaʈà ákwuɖì ákwuʈò áfì áfaɖà stand ilʈùk ilʈɔʈɔ̀k ʈɪ́gɪɖonò ʈɪ́gɪʈonò líɖù líʈaɖù stand, stop star ɗúlɪ̀ʈ kuɗúlàʔ kwuḍɪ́llɪɖə́ ̀k kwuḍɪ́llllɪ̀ŋ ɗúlɪ̀k kuɗúlɪ̀ŋ cf. Ik ɗɔ́ɫɛát, steal agulà agulaʈà ákwula ákwulaɖà ákwulì ákwulaɖà stem bigur kubiguri

stick karṭábù kɪgárṭabù stick ɗók kwɔɗ(ɪg)ɪ́n ɗók koɗéŋ ɗók kwuɗɪŋ stirring stick pɪ́s kɪ́pɪ́sɪ́n pusɔŋ kɪhísɛnɪ́k fɪ́k kɪ̀fíyàʔ

30



stone kórɛ̀ʈ kukórɛ̀ʈ kúrɔ̀k kúúrɔ̀k also beads kuràk kuurak cf. Tama kwʊ́ɽa, proto-Nilotic *kɔr, Dongolawi kúlu, Songhay guru ‘hill’,

Malinke kulu, Heiben k-ɔl, stop, cease ʈɪlʈiʈɔ ʈɪlʈiʈaʈɔ story ʈamunɗɛɛ́ ̀kà kɪʈamunɗɛɛ́ ̀kà straight ʈɛ̀rʈɛ̀r, ʈɪ̀rʈɪ̀r esɪjjɔraʔ kɛʈʈwɪ́k stranger,

guest

ɔ́jɪ́lʈɛ̀ʈ ɔ́jɪ́lì [first letter may be ɛ according

to notes]

stream,

seasonal

ḍɛ̀k kɪḍík small sandy khor

string lɔ̀[k] ɪŋjíjilaʔ strong (of

people)

bírʈù < Hill Nubian

áÍɛnyà

strong (of

things)

kɪlákkɪlàŋ nyàrɪ̀ dry, hard nyɛkuṭákuṭàŋ

strong thing

strongly,

quickly,

harshly

koṭṭo

stupid koʈikoli kikoʈikoli suck ɛlɪk ɛlaʈàk jé’joɖà jé’joʈà suckle ɛlákì ɛlaʈákì áli álaɖá ààlì aalaɖà sun nónù, núnù nö́nù ŋáŋùʔ swamp ɗagi kɪɗagi sweat sɪ́rɛnɛ́n ilɔ ilɔɖɔɔ́ ́ sweep argwá argwáʈà kwúrɖà kwúrʈà kwurʈà kwurʈaʈà sweet nɖɪ́ʔjì kɪnɖɪ́ʔjì aṭul nyɪkɛ́ɗikɛɗɗɪ̀k swell yáì

swim báá luɪ̀ny báálà luɪ̀ny also bááláál

lɪ́m(ɪ)ɖamuŋ lɪ́m(ɪ)ʈámuŋ

? + water bá ánɗɔ̀ŋ bááʈá ánɗɔ̀ŋ

lit. hit

swimming

cf. Tama baɽa, Daju Liguri ɓa(a)y, but these may be simply cognates of ‘hit,

strike’

tail rɪ́ŋgákɪs, rɪɪ́́ŋgɪ̀s

kɪrɪ́ŋgákàʔ k ~ g sábòŋ kɪsáboŋàʔ ṭákak kɪɽákik

31



take kɔ́mùk kɔ́mɔʈɔ̀ kám kámaɖei / ámuʈà

take away àràmà àràmàʈà umweanɪ̀k take away,

hold

àràmù àràmùʈà

take for

oneself

sɛ́ŋ sɛ́ɖei

tail rɪ́ŋgákɪs, rɪɪ́́ŋgɪ̀s

kɪrɪ́ŋgákàʔ sábòŋ kɪsáboŋàʔ ṭákak kɪɽákik

talk, speak, t

ell

ílɔŋɔ̀k ílɔŋɔ̀ʈɔ̀k áɗafɖà aɗúfʈaɖà

taste jejɛmà jejɛmàʈà lapa láfá láfaáɖà also try, test

tear (n.) kɔ́manʈɛ̀ʈ kɔ́mɔ̀ʔ kɪɖáhòŋ kɔ́màʔ tear (v.) swirà swiraʈà ásí, ásɪɗa ásɪṭa séréi sérʈaɖà tell story ʔɖaʈak ʔɖaʈakaʈak ten ŋgɛ́mmùk,

kɛ́mmùk [maybe k

not g],

alanɪkì alakɪnakà àmɖáʈúk

termite logwan kologwani

termite luganʈɛ̀ʈ lugàn ŋwɔ̀ŋ áinanuàŋ nuàŋ termite,

soldier

áwɛŋ

testicle ṭorunyɪ̀ʈ kɪṭorùny ʈɛ́rɪŋìk kɪ́ɖɛrɪ̀ŋ ɗánakuɖɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ kɪɗɗákuɖɛ̀rɪ̀ŋ

‘child of

scrotum’

thank you kɛ́ nʈóbàn lit. ‘it is good’

that (far) nɔnnɔ kɪnɔnnɔ that (far) nʈɪgɪnɔɔnɔk kɪnʈɪgɪnɔɔnɔk that (near) nɔ kɪna that (near) nʈɪgɪnɔ kɪnʈɪgɪna nɛ̀ kɪnɛ̀ thatching

grass

nyìk nyìk

then ìs(s)ún ussʷɪŋ there nʈàkànà ɔlonò ánɔ ́ they nákàʈà kɪnnáʔ kɪnnáʔ thick ɗúrmà thick ḿbù ḍúrru thigh kuṭuŋuṭùg kuṭuŋuṭùgì óhùʔ kohunòʔ afuk kɪ́nɪŋafuk

32



thigh ŋuṭuŋuṭúŋ kuŋuṭuŋuṭúŋi thin (people) máŋanɛ̀n thin (people,

objects)

nyɪ́lɔŋàʔ ejényelàʔ ájijilàʔ ájijilɪ̀k

thing ʈɪ́lɔ̀ŋ kɪ́ʈalɔŋ, kɪ́ʈɔlɔŋ ɗía lɛ́[k] think óòmɔ̀ + verb

particularl

y lɪ́pà, to look for, or

ɗɪka, to find, see

thirsty, to be nónù, núnù + verb ɔ́ʈù, to kill

nanáámùŋ hunger for water

arámʈàʔ thirst

thirty ʈeaɗi kɛ kwáɖanàʔ

this ni kɪni nì kɪnɪ̀ cf. So nɪn, Tama ɪ́ŋ, Dinik nɛ̀, Gaam nɛ́ and mnay further probable cognates

(or do demonstratives just

look like this?)

this nʈɪ̀gɪ̀nɪ̀ kɪnʈɪgɪni aléì alakè thorn nɔ́ŋonɪ̀ʈ kɔ̀ník thorn núŋwanɪ̀ʈ kwàník nánɪ̀ŋ kánɪ̀k nánɪ̀ŋ kíanɪ̀k thou nɪ́n nɪ́ŋ nɪ́ŋ cf. Daju Sila ɪ́nɪŋ, Mursi

nina, Pokot ɲíì, Songhay ni, Kanuri ɲi, Mangbetu íní. Incidentally, this looks like

a pretty good isogloss for

Nilo-Saharan (Niger-Congo

has the same for 1st person

sg.)

three kwɔ́ʈanáʔ kwɔ́ɖanàʔ kwáɖaŋàʔ cf. Tulishi -ɛɖɔna, Gaam ɔ́tɔ́, Berta Malkan odo, Maiak ɗö́k, as all West Nilotic

throat kíro kííro

throw ɔpurú ɔpurɔ́ʈù árɔma árɔmad ɖà

= ‘shoot’ ármà ármaɖà

33



throw

towards

ɔ́rɔmai ɔ́rɔmaɖài

throwing

knife

wuʈal kuwuʈali

thumb ɗánanánàk ɗúrmà

kɪɗágɛ́ŋ ɗúrmà

thunder koʈujɪ̀n ná náŋanàʈ

‘shouting

of sky’

nók ʈɪbaʈanɛ ‘sky struck’

thus, so gi

thus, so nʈɔga aləɓɓí thus, so nyagá

tie ɛ́mbɛ̀là ɛ́mbɛ̀làʈà ámmalà ámmalaɖà amɛmɛlà amɛleɖà time, place láàŋ today kááʈanì nɪmɪnà ánnamanɪ̀ŋ together, be ana, ɔnɔ together,

with

ɛʈɛ, ɛ

tomorrow isááʈɪ̀n lɛ́bɪrɖä̀ ásɪɖɪ̀ŋ tongue mɛ́nɖɪnyàʈ kɪmɛ́nɖɪnyàʈ ŋáḍɪmàk kɪŋáḍɪmàk kɛ́ɗɛmàk kɛɛ́ ́ɗɛmà

k

cf. Songhay dèènè. Possibly

widespread cognacy with

metathesised forms e.g.

Dongolawi nɛ́d, Bari ŋɛ́dɛ́p, Uduk aled, Lendu ledà.

Alternatively a loan from a

lost Niger-Congo language.

Cf. Defaka mɛnduɔ, Bedik

i-ɗem, Proto-Gbaya *lembe und so weiter

tooth awɪ̀s kɛɛ́ ̀ ʔ iyɪ́k sɛʔ áyàk kèèʔ touch ɔ̀lák ɔ̀láʈak tree mɛ́rɛŋɪ̀s mɛ́rɛŋ ɓòʔ kùɓwɛ̀ŋ < kùɓòɛ̀ŋ bɔɔ́ ́rɪ̀ŋ kuɓɪŋ tribe nɛɛ́ ̀ ʔ kiná

kurɛ̀ʈ ‘people of

hill’

kwuÍùŋ

true jɪ́rjɪ̀r turn welak welaʈak turn s.t. ɲiʈà ɲiʈàʈà kwáʈalarɪ̀ŋ fállanyà fállanyaɖ

à

turtle I káɗáʔ kááɗáʔ

34



turtle II abugaɖom kabugaɖom

< Arabic

abūgadaḥ

twenty ʈeaɗi twenty-one ʈeaḍi gɪ́ḍḍe twin ɗál nʈɛ ɗulɔ̀n kɪɗɛ́l nʈɛ ɗulɔ̀n kuŋwúlɪɖä̀l koŋól kulɔŋɔŋ two károkwɛ káro káro udder nyúŋ kɪnɪnyúŋ under aʈak ʈuhalɪŋ ɪlléle- untie ŋwúlɖì ŋwúlʈaɖà up kɪrɪŋ aɗɗárɪŋ ɪllɛ́r- (?) upper

grindstone

for grain

ḍá[k] ḍɪ́mɪ́k kɪɖɪŋ na ḍɪ́mɪ́k

upper lip íʈùk nɖɛɛrɪ̀ŋ lanyɪ́k ya ull

walɪŋ

áɖù[k] ɪllélewòk

urinate ábiɖa ábitə ábbiʈa ábiɖɖa urine kɪbɔ́lɔ̀ʔ kibö́lɔ̀ʔ kibélàʔ valley,

seasonal

stream

pɔ́kɪʈ

vein, tree

root

kɪ́rɪkɪ̀rɪ̀ʈ kɪrákɪràʔ kibélàʔ

very koṭṭu village ɪ́lɛ̀ < Arabic

ḥil ق%%%روى alhɪlli < Arabic

ḥil

village kwíìʔ lit. houses kwùÍùŋ also ‘tribe’ voice ŋálòʔ kɪŋóónɖɪ̀n #NAME? alleɖà alleʈà vomit káṭakà káṭakaʈà alleɖì alliʈaɖà vulture sɪ́bɪ̀r kɪsɪ́bɪ́rì kúnnɛ̀k kúnnɔŋ kʷósolò kʷóósolò vulva, vagina ììr kììrɪ̀k ìr kììr árɪ̀k kɪ́rɪ̀k wait ùnjɪli ùnjɪlaʈa wake s.o. furuŋai furuŋɪnʈɔʈai walk wírɔ̀k wírɔ̀ʈɔ̀k ŋwùrò ŋwùròɖò ɪņɖá k-ɛ́llù walk wúrɔ̀k wúrɔ̀ʈɔ̀k want, look

for

lɪ́pà lɪ́pàʈà ɔh(w)ài ‘I want’ anyɛ ́ ‘I want, like’

war, quarrel ŋɔ́rbɔ́k warm, hot wááraŋ arráŋ aaraŋ

35



warrior ɖéénì nʈɛ bɪrʈùk

nɛɛ́ ̀ ʔ nʈɛ́ kɪbɪ̀rʈùk

< Hill

Nubian

fáárɪ̀s < Arabic

wash (self),

bathe

ɔ́ʔbɔ̀ ɔ́ʔbɔ̀ʈɔ̀ ɛ́bɛnà abenà abeÍanà

wash s.t. weʈí weʈaʈà ŋwóɖà kwúʈì kwúʈaɖà watch, guard,

care for

áŋkɪlʈi áŋkɪlʈaʈà

water múŋ imúŋ, umúŋ amuŋ water lizard mányálɪ̀k kɪmányál

iyàʔ

water-rat ámmɛ ̀ kúmmɛ̀ we (dual) sák

we (excl.) káʈ kák kák we (incl.) sasák, sásàk kasák kalásɪk weak, thin nyɔ́nyɔ̀ʔ wear iyú iyáʈú well pɔɔ́ ̀ kupɪ́n [or ɪ for

the u]

fɔ́ʔ kupɛ́ŋ fɔ́k kufɪ́ŋ

wet nʈwì nyɪlɛ kɪnyálkaɖàk what? ŋɛ́, ŋiɛɛ́ ́ ŋei ŋɛʔ when? láàŋɛ́ ? < láàŋ

‘place,

time’ + ŋɛ́ ‘what’

láánɪ̀k áwei

where? kʷóó, ʔbóó mme wááʈɪkà which? nɛ̀nɛ̀, nɛɛ̀ ̀n kɪnɛɛ̀ ̀n white ṇṭɪ̀ṭɪ̀k kɪ́ṇṭɪṭɪ̀k ɛɽɛɽɛ̀k kɛɽɛɽɛ̀k ɽ ~ ʈ áṇɗəɽɪ̀k white man áḍɛ̀ŋ ánḍəɽɪ̀k nɛɛ̀ ̀ ʔ

kɪ́nḍəɽɪ̀k

who? ŋáni ŋáninʈ [no faith in this]

ŋanɛ́ ánnɪ́ŋ

why? kɔɔ́ ́ áɓei wide ɗwìrɗwìr ihallâʔ áfalɛŋà wife, his nɪmɛ́nna wife, his irɛ́nnwà nɪmɛ́nna wife, my irɛ́nnàŋ nɪmɛ́nnáŋ wife, your irɛ́nnɔ̀ nɪmɛ́nnɪ́ŋ wind ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ kɔ́púŋɪ̀k ʈurrí ʈúrí

36



windstorm ɔ́púŋɪ̀ʈ ḿbù wing lúpɔkɪ̀ʈ kulupókàʔ kapä́lɛɖàk káápalàk witch aḍéŋ n-áwuɖàk nɪ́ŋi

n-áwuɖàk

witchcraft áwuɖàk wobbling ɔrrɛ̀k woman áɖɛŋ nɖalmɛ ̀ nɛɛ ̀ ̀

kɪnɖólɪ̀k

woman lɪ́kámɛ̀ʔ lúgɪ̀ʈ g ~ k ír dànàmɛ̀ʔ nuɖóllɪ̀k nɪ̀mɛ̀ʔ nɪŋ ɖólɪ̀k word lɔ́ŋɔʈ kɪlɔ́ŋɔʈ ilä́k kilä́k kɪmɛ́sɛnɪk kɪmɛ́sɛ́ni

yaʔ

work ágɪ́làʈ lógwɔ̀ʔ kulógwɛ̀ŋ lúŋɔ ̀ kulúŋɔ̀ work v. amʈá lúŋɔ ̀ amʈaɖá

lúŋɔ̀

worm ɛ́jɛ́mɪ̀ʈ kɪ́jɔmɔ̀ write kɪ́ʈɪ́bɔ̀ kɪ́ʈɪ́bɔ̀ʈà < Arabic yawn amáì mɪnʈaʈà ámmɪɖèi ámaaɖài ama amoɖà year sɪnɛ̀ʔ kɪsinɛ̀ʔ

comparative temein wordlists - roger blench...cat ka íìs < arabic ka s k k n ŋ ka s k < arabic...

Documents