comparing audio and video data using the emotional tone rating scale
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Comparing Audio and Video Data Using the Emotional Tone Rating Scale. Kristine Williams, RN, PhD, Ruth Herman, PhD, & Daniel Bontempo, PhD. Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science 2012 State of the Science Conference on Nursing Research September 14, 2012. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Comparing Audio and Video Data Using the Emotional Tone Rating Scale
Kristine Williams, RN, PhD, Ruth Herman, PhD, & Daniel Bontempo, PhD
Council for the Advancement of Nursing Science2012 State of the Science Conference on Nursing Research
September 14, 2012
Use of Video Data in Nursing Research
Advantages Current technology
supports Additional nonverbal
data on complex processes with multiple variables
Can rewind/replay to visually examine different factors & establish reliability
Disadvantages Consent for video
recording often harder than audio only
Data storage issues Larger file sizes HIPAA security issues
Encryption
Video recording more likely to alter natural behaviors
Added Nonverbal Information Elderspeak Communication Research
Patronizing messages with verbal/ nonverbal conflicts
Nonverbal features Gaze Proxemics Facial Expression Gestures Touch
Emotional Tone
Imbalance Care Respect Control
Three types of communication Overly nurturing Directive Affirming
Emotional Tone Rating ScaleRatings not at all very
1……...2……..3…….4……. 5 CareNurturingCaringWarmSupportive
RespectAffirmingRespectfulPolitePatronizing
ControlDirectiveBossyControllingDominating
Ryan, E. B., Hummert, M. L., & Boich, L. H. (1995). Communication predicaments of aging; Patronizing behavior toward older adults. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 14(1-2), 144-166
Do Audio and Video Ratings Vary for Emotional Tone Ratings?
20 1-minute recordings of staff-resident interactions in dementia care
Two groups of raters Group 1 – Audio only Group 2 – Video
Raters recruited from University Medical Center faculty, staff, students
Group 1 & 2 equivalent on descriptive factors
Results: Audio-Video Comparisons
Audio Care
Audio Control
Audio Respect
Resistiveness to Care
Audio Care 1 -.838** .972** -.135Audio Control -.838** 1 -.867** .486*
Audio Respect .972** -.867** 1 -.213Resistiveness to Care -.135 .486* -.213 1
Video Care
Video Control
Video Respect
Resistiveness to Care
Video Care 1 -875** .989** -.195Video Control -875** 1 -.901** .443*
Video Respect .989** -.901** 1 -.260Resistiveness to Care -.195 .443* -.260 1
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (1 tailed).
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (1 tailed).
Audio-Video Correlations with RTC
Exploratory Factor Analysis ETRS0
24
68
Eig
enva
lues
0 5 10 15Number
Audio Only
02
46
8E
igen
valu
es
0 5 10 15Number
Audio/Video
Note: Scree plots similarly suggest on ly 2 dimensions in both conditions.
Comparing 2-Factor Solutions by Recording
In both recording conditions, RESPECT scale items group with CARE items.
Exception is “Patronizing”, which is behaving oddly in several respects.
Very similar 2-factor solutions in Audio and Audio/Visual conditions
Because the pattern of loadings is the same, factors have the same interpretation.
Scale items also have loadings of comparable size, with a few minor exceptions.
Same inter-factor correlation in Audio and Audio/Visual conditions.
Scale ItemPerson
Centered ControllingPerson
Centered ControllingSupportive 0.85 0.81Nurturing 0.84 0.91Caring 0.83 0.84Warm 0.83 0.78Polite 0.82 0.82
Respectful 0.81 0.82Affirming 0.68 0.85Dominating 0.80 0.84Controlling 0.79 0.85
Bossy 0.73 0.74Directive 0.68 0.55Patronizing -0.42 0.65
Inter-factor Correlation
Audio-Only Loadings Audio/Visual Loadings
-0.5578 -0.5510
Thank YouThe project described was supported by Award Numbers R03NR009231 and R01NR011455 from the National Institute Of Nursing Research. Some statistical analyses were supported by the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders (P30DC05803). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Nursing Research, Deafness and Communication Disorders, or the National Institutes of Health.
Williams, K., Boyle, D., Herman, R., Coleman, C., & Hummert, M.L. (in press). Psychometric Analysis of the Emotional Tone Rating Scale: A Measure of Person-Centered Communication, Clinical Gerontologist.