Comparing Instructional Design Models Designing Interactive Learning Environments

Michael M. Grant 2013

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from InstructionalDesign.org

Selected Characteristics Classroom Orientation Product Orientation System Orientation

Typical output One or a few hours of instruction

Self-instructional or instructor-delivered package

Course or entire curriculum

Resources committed to development

Very low High High

Team or Individual Individual Usually a team Team

ID skill/experience Low High High/very high

Emphasis on development or selection

Select Develop Develop

Amount of analysis Low Low to medium Very high

Technological complexity Low Medium to high Medium to high

Amount of revision Low to medium Very high Medium to high

Amount of distribution None High Medium to high

Elements of ID Models

from Branch & Gustafson (1997)

Selected ID Models

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Dick & Carey

¤ Now, (Walt) Dick, (Lou) Carey & (James) Carey

¤ Systems orientation

¤ Widespread use in corporate & military

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Images from http://insys.fsu.edu/assets/faculty_pics/dick.jpg & http://gminks.edublogs.org/files/2008/11/dickandcareymodel.gif

ASSURE

¤  Heinich, Molenda, Russell & Smaldino

¤  Now, Smaldino, Lowther, Russell (2008)

¤  Classroom orientation

¤  Note the selection of materials instead of development

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A — Analyze learners

S — State standards & objectives

S — Select strategies, technology, media & materials

U — Utilize technology, media & materials

R — Require learner participation

E — Evaluate & revise

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Smith & Ragan

¤  Patricia Smith & Tim Ragan

¤  Systems orientation

¤  Emphasis on cognitive psychology and instructional strategies

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Image © Tillman Ragan at http://www.flickr.com/photos/tandpragan/25103076/sizes/l/ & http://www.flickr.com/photos/tandpragan/25102775/sizes/m/

¤ Analyzing the learning context

¤ Analyzing the learners

¤ Analyzing the learning task

¤ Assessing learner performance

¤ Develop instructional strategies

¤ Produce instruction

¤ Conduct evaluations

¤ Revise instruction

Morrison, Ross & Kemp

¤  Classroom orientation

¤  It has been modified over time

Images from http://www.borders.com.au/book/designing-effective-instruction/337124/

Images from http://www.odu.edu/~gmorriso/, http://www.edvantia.org/about/faculty/graph/Ross100.jpg, http://www.ait.net/technos/tq_09/3kemp.php & http://tomdorgan.com/images/model_images/kemp_morrison_ross.jpg

ADDIE

¤  Been around a long time

¤  Beyond just instructional design — design process in general

¤  Model or framework?

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Image from http://technoscribe.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/addie.jpg, http://edweb.sdsu.edu/Courses/EDTEC700/ETP/images/addie.jpg, http://www.ivyvilos.com/images/addiemodel.gif & http://gramconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/addie_model.jpg

Rapid Prototyping

¤  Originated in manufacturing

¤  ID hijacked from software development

¤  Focused on development primarily

¤  Types of prototypes §  Look-and-feel: colors,

effects, gross screen layouts

§  Media: use of sound effects, narration, 3D illustrations, video, etc.

§  Navigation: move through sections, access support (glossary, calculator, etc.)

§  Interactivity: content, activities, feedback

Process Design (product specs &

treatment)

Develop prototype Review

from Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990)

References & Acknolwedgements ¤  Finch, C.R., & Crunkilton, J.R. (1997). Curriculum development in vocational and

technical education (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

¤  Gustafson, K.L., & Branch, R.M. (1997). Survey of instructional development models (3rd ed.). Syracuse, N.Y.: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information & Technology.

¤  Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design strategy [image]. Educational Technology Research & Development, 38(1), 31-44.

¤  Special thanks to Drs. Rob Branch, Gary Morrison, and Sharon Smaldino for contributing to this presentation.

Michael M. Grant 2013