Comparison between Malaysia Total defence and Singapore’s Total Defence

The Malaysia’s Total Defence

Malaysia’s Total Defence or HANRUH emphasize five components that have been identified as the steps to produce exuberant patriotism and the spirit of nationalism among Malaysian citizen. The components are

Psychology Resilience Social Coherent and Solidarity Civil Preparedness Economic Resilience Security Readiness

i) The main objective of Psychology Resilience is to groom the mentality of all Malaysian citizens to make sure they are ready and committed to defend the sovereignty and peace of nation. The main objective of Psychology Integrity is to produce citizens that have the following characteristics

Patriotism and nationalism The feeling of love for country The proud of being a Malaysian The willingness to sacrifice for country Goodwill, national unity and integration among citizens Informative

ii) The role of social coherent and solidarity on the other hand is to produce a united and harmonious Malaysian citizen, regardless of status difference, race, religion, culture, and birth state. The stability of national integration regardless religion will drive Malaysia to become a harmonious country. To realise this role, the following characteristics must be nurtured among every level of society in Malaysia:

Loving each other Tolerance Be collaborative and united Practice the good and positive values Respect the difference of religion

iii) The civil preparedness role focused on two fields which are

Providing life and property protection facility and Determine security and basic amenities supply that continued whether in state war,

emergency or disaster

Central agency to coordinate all activities and public readiness programme implementation is Civil Defence Department Malaysia with aided by Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, Ikatan Relawan Malaysia and voluntary association such as Red Crescent Society and St John's Ambulance.

To strengthen public readiness, participation from voluntary bodies is important. This is because, from the training given, every participant will understand their roles when emergency, conflict, and disaster occur, in fact during occurrence of war, too. Therefore, to produce citizens that have high level of self reliance such as willing to give support to those need is through direct involvement in voluntary bodies. It is important to cultivate awareness start from school bench and expanded until job nature. Active engagement of citizens in uniform bodies such as the reserve armed forces unit will increase spirit of self reliance and resilience.

iv) While for component of economic resilience on the other hand, the purpose is to ensure lasting economic prosperity and competitiveness. Three main factors to the intensity of economy are;

The required stock storage Ensure the stock of basic nutrient supply as the national strategic asset Ensure the continuous operation of transportation, power supply and water supply

facility from interruption

To implement programme and activity in accordance with purpose above, implementation strategy include planning and Negara agriculture policy implementation to reduce dependence of the nation to resources from outside and diversify national product result. A benchmark to determine basic food supply level must be fixed to ensure the country will always have enough basic supply when experience conflict or emergency. Cooperation between government agencies and private sector are very important to minimize interference, and to prevent panic situation during emergency.

v) While for Security Readiness component, on the other hand, there are two key elements which are:

Security (police) Military

Security element main objective (police) is to keep public safety, help government agencies, protect lives and property also help in war efforts. While armed forces responsible to defend sovereignty and national interest. They should able and equipped with weaponry that is sophisticated in effort to aid the authorities in law enforcement, protect public peace and help the country when experience any disaster.

This implementation HANRUH components is mutually related between one another. Although several aspects in HANRUH concept already exist and implemented in this country, it need to be standardised and stabilized further in an integrated manner. The implementation of this concept requires acceptance and commitment from all parties. With this concept implementation, national defence will become the responsibility of all. Hence, Negara defence would become more integrated.

The Singapore’s Total Defence

Psychological Defence

Psychological Defence refers to the individual citizen's commitment to the nation and confidence in the future of our country. It is about having pride, passion and patriotism for country. United in Psychological Defence, they develop the collective will to stand up for our rights; to protect what is ours; to seek to be left in peace; to progress and prosper in our own way as a nation. A strong Psychological Defence allows us to safeguard our independence and hence chart our own destiny.

Social Defence

Social Defence is about Singaporeans of all races and religions living and working together in harmony. To build a strong Social Defence, there must be racial and religious tolerance and respect, as well as equal opportunities for all regardless of race, language or religion. Social Defence also refers to every citizen, especially those with the ability, education and training, having the social conscience to contribute to the larger community and country. This includes showing care and concern for the less fortunate and underprivileged, as well as active participation in volunteer work.

Economic Defence

Economic Defence is the government, business and industry organising themselves in such a way that our economy will not break down in war or under the threat of war. It means putting in place contingency plans to ensure that our offices and factories will be able to continue their operations during emergencies, even after National Servicemen (NSmen) and equipment have been mobilised to deal with the emergencies. Economic Defence involves the economic sector sharing material and manpower resources to meet the needs of Civil and Military Defence. At the level of the individual, Economic Defence requires the cultivation of a good working attitude and constant upgrading of one's skills. This is necessary to help Singapore stay ahead of the competition.

Civil Defence

Civil Defence provides for the safety and basic needs of the population on the home-front so that life may go on as normally as possible during emergencies. It involves training, with the help of the Singapore Civil Defence Force, the civilian population in rescue work, evacuation, first-aid and damage control. Civil Defence aims to produce a civilian population familiar with procedures for survival and protection, and with arrangements for relief services and emergency supply of critical items like blood, water and food. The knowledge and assurance that loved ones are cared for will fortify the morale of our citizen-soldiers in military training or fighting at the front-line.

Military Defence

Military Defence is having an SAF able to deter aggression. A first-class SAF - one that has the capability to act effectively and decisively should deterrence and diplomacy fail - is essential to building a strong Military Defence. While Military Defence is the responsibility of NSmen, full-time National Servicemen and regulars in the SAF, it also involves our own military industries having the capacity to meet the SAF's weapons and ammunition requirements.

Comparison

Apparently, both Malaysia and Singapore have the almost the same component with each other. But the implementation for each component varies.

COMPARISON

IMPLEMENTATION COMPONENTS OF TOTAL DEFENCE IMPLEMENTATION

MALAYSIA SINGAPORE patriotism and

nationalism love their nation proud to be

Malaysian ready to sacrifice

for nation goodwill, unity and

national integration

being informative in their soul in order to them have willingness to protect the country

Psychology Resilience

Psychological Defence

commitment to the nation and confidence in the future

stay proud to be Singaporean

pride, passion and patriotism for country

Maintaining racial and religious harmony

Respect the culture and religion of one another

build strong bonds across different ethnic groups

looking out for each other – help the less unfortunate and underprivileged regardless of race,

Social Coherent and Solidarity

Social Defence

Maintaining racial and religious harmony

Respect the culture and religion of one another

build strong bonds across different ethnic groups

looking out for each other – help the less unfortunate and underprivileged regardless of race,

language, religion, age or nationality

language, religion, age or nationality

Focused on public readiness programme

Providing life and property protection facility and

Determine security and basic amenities supply that continued whether in state war, emergency or disaster

Jabatan Pertahanan Awam, Ikatan Relawan, Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat, Red Crescent Society and St. John Ambulance

Civil Preparedness Civil Defence

The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF)

Recruits and trains civil defence volunteers in first aid, rescue and evacuation procedures, and shelter management.

Conducts talks and exercises to familiarise the public with basic first aid, the nearest bomb shelters and emergency arrangements like relief supply of critical items such as blood, water and food.

National Service (PLKN)

Reserve Officer Training Unit

Reserve Units

Security Readiness Military Defence Staying operationally ready with their national servicemen.

NSmen able to transform themselves from a disciplined and well prepared force in peace time to an effective fighting force in wartime.

the stock of basic nutrient supply as the national strategic asset

Ensure the continuous operation of transportation, power supply and water supply facility from interruption

Economic Resilience Economy Defence

Ensure the continuity of production, operation during emergency and wartimes

sharing material and manpower resources to meet the needs of Civil and Military Defence

REFERENCE

Total Defence – Psychological Defence (2012) Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.totaldefence.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about_td/5_Pillars/pd.html

Total Defence – Civil Defence (2012) Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.totaldefence.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about_td/5_Pillars/cd.html

Total Defence – Economic Defence (2012) Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.totaldefence.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about_td/5_Pillars/ed.html

Total Defence – Social Defence (2012) Retrieved May 5 2012, from http://www.totaldefence.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about_td/5_Pillars/sd.html

Total Defence of Singapore (2012) Retrieved May 6, 2012, from http://www.ne.edu.sg/fiveaspects.htm

NSmen Website – Home (2011) Retrieved May 6, 2012, from http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/nsmen/home.html

Portal Rasmi Jabatal Latihan Khidmat Negara (2012) Retrieved May 6, 2012, from http://www.khidmatnegara.gov.my/