comparison of igcc air emissions vs. a conventional coal … · e bit/pet coke prb prb bit/pet coke...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Comparison of IGCC Air Emissions vs. a Conventional Coal … · E Bit/pet coke PRB PRB Bit/pet coke Bit/pet coke Fuel ... Subcategory Final[1] Re-Proposed[2] ... Andracsek.ppt Author:](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022011800/5aca07207f8b9a51678d9fa1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Comparison of IGCC Air Emissions vs.
a Conventional Coal Plant
Robynn AndracsekBurns & McDonnell
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
The objective is to be objective.
(Just the facts, ma’am)
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Agenda
• Actual Emissions Data – SO2, NOX, CO2
• Permitted Emissions – SO2, NOX, PM10, CO
(CO2 is not currently permitted)• Mercury• Control Devices• Trends
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Actual Emissions Data
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Plants in OperationThe specific PC and CFB plants were chosen
since they were the most recent ones with several years of operating data available.
E Bit/pet coke
PRB
PRB
Bit/pet coke
Bit/pet coke
Fuel
4/02-6/06
4/03-6/06
8/01-6/06
1/01-6/06
1/01-6/06
Data Range
265FLJEA 1 and 2CFB
80WYWygen 1 (Black Hills)PC
570MOHawthorn 5PC
250FLTECO PolkIGCC
262INWabashIGCC
MWStateNameType
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
EPA’s Acid Rain Database
• Clean Air Markets - Data and Maps – http://cfpub.epa.gov/gdm/index.cfm– Emissions Prepackaged Data Sets
• Hourly Data – Only “Boiler operating days” were used– “24-hour period during which fossil fuel is
combusted in a steam-generating unit for the entire 24 hours”
– Applicable to units operating before 2005
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
-
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
Qualified Operating Hours
lb/M
MB
tu
SO2 30 Day Rolling Average•Variability of fuel sulfur content•Effect of time to recover from startup/ shutdown/ upsets•No distinct differences
CFBIGCCPC
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
Q ualified O perating Hours
lb/M
MB
tu
NOx 30 Day Rolling Average•Variability in early life as plants are commissioned•Lines converge as plants age
CFBIGCCPC
SCR
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
Qualified Operating Hours
lb/M
MB
tu
CO2 30 Day Rolling Average
•Values are calculated, not measured•Data is suspect:
•Tight grouping between plant types •Lack of noise
CFBIGCCPC
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Statistics
0.103 0.093 0.137Hawthorn 50.103 0.119 0.116Wygen 10.125 0.085 0.153Polk0.121 0.1290.228Wabash0.106 0.067 0.162JEA20.105 0.066 0.231JEA1
CO2lb/MMBtu
NOxlb/MMBtu
SO2lb/MMBtuFacility
Average
•Reflect compliance with limits, not best achievable rates
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Permitted Levels
(including levels in the applicationif the permit is not yet issued)
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Plants in this Review - IGCC
• Wabash • Polk • Kentucky Pioneer • Lima• Elm Road
• Taylorville• Cash Creek• Mesaba• Stanton
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Plants in this Review - CFB
• Red Hills • AES Puerto Rico • JEA Northside• North Hampton• Seward - Repowering• EnviroPower - KMP• Southern Illinois Coop. • Alcoa - Sandow 5 - #1,2• Indeck-Elwood,IL• Estill County Energy• Hugh L. Spurlock (#3)
• Sevier Power • Beach Hollow (Robinson
Power)• Gascoyne • Greene Energy Resource• Formosa Plastics (TX)• Bonanza Power Plant• South Heart Power Project• River Hill Waste Coal• Rodemacher (Unit 3)• Western Greenbrier• Highwood Generating
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Plants in this Review - PC
• Black Hills• Hawthorn #5• Weston Bend • Mustang• Baldwin Expansion • Tucson - Springerville• Rocky Mountain Power• Thoroughbred• Holcomb #2• Prairie Energy Power Plant• Roundup Power (Bull
Mountain)
• Plum Point Power Station• Hunter Power Plant (# 4)• Two Elk• MidAmerican #4• Elm Road• Cross Generating Station - #
3 & 4• Whelan Energy Center • Longview Power • Intermountain Power - #3• Weston 4 • Southwest Power Station -#2
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Plants in this Review – PC (cont)
• Longleaf Energy-PRB• Longleaf Energy-Central
Appalachian • Prairie State• Nebraska City # 2• TS Power Plant (Newmont)• Twin Oaks (Sempra Energy)• Comanche Plant (Unit #3)• WYGEN II• Oak Grove, TX• Hugo (# 2)• Big Cajun II #4• Trimble County
• J.K. Spruce Plant - # 2• Sandy Creek Energy • Cliffside - # 6 & 7• Iatan (# 2)• Holcomb Station (# 2-4)• Dallman - #4 • Big Stone II• Palatka (# 3)• TXU 8 Pack • AMP Generating Station• Desert Rock• Dallman - #4
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
SO2 Comparison•Fuel sulfur variability•IGCC trends lower
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
lb/M
MB
tu
CFB
PC
IGCC
Year of Application/Permit
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
NOx Comparison•Similar limits between all plant types•Slight downward trend
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
lb/M
MB
tu
CFBPCIGCC
Year of Application/Permit
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
lb/M
MB
tu
CFBPCIGCC
PM10 Comparison• Mix of “filterable only” and “filterable plus condensible” limits• Upward trend reflects concerns about “condensible” test methods•IGCC trends lower
Year of Application/Permit
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Year
lb/M
MB
tu
CFBPCIGCC
CO Comparison (not CO2)•Variability reflects lack of emphasis on CO•IGCC trends lowest
Year of Application/Permit
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Mercury
Clean Air Mercury Rule• Makes comparisons of Hg limits before
and after the rule moot• Note the redefinition of “wet” and “dry”
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Clean Air Mercury Rule
2“Wet” and “Dry”refer to 30-yr average rainfall
Subcategory Final[1] Re-Proposed[2]
Bituminous Coal 21 x 10-6 20 x 10-6
Subbituminous Coal "Wet" 42 x 10-6 66 x 10-6
"Dry" 78 x 10-6 97 x 10-6
Lignite 145 x 10-6 175 x 10-6
Coal Refuse 1.4 x 10-6 1.0 x 10-6
IGCC 20 x 10-6 20 x 10-6
Emission Limit (lb/MWh)
1“Wet” and “Dry”refer to Flue Gas Desulfurization technology used
DRY WET
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Control Devices
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
10
20
30
40
50
CC DI
LNB NH3 R
ecOFA SCR SISNCR
# of
Uni
ts
CFBIGCCPC
NOx
CC - Combustion Control DI - Diluent Injection LNB - Low NOx Burners NH3 Rec - Ammonia RecoveryOFA - Over Fired Air SCR - Selective Catalytic Reduction SI- Steam Injection SNCR - Selective Non Catalytic Reduction
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
2
4
6
8
10
ACI DSI MRS
# of
Uni
ts
CFBIGCCPC
MercuryACI - Activated Carbon Injection DSI - Dry Sorbent Injection MRS - Mercury Removal System
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
ESP FF or BH PFS WESP
# of
Uni
ts
CFBIGCCPC
PM10
ESP - Electrostatic Precipitator FF or BH - Fabric Filter or Bag House PFS - Particulate Filtration System WESP - Wet Electrostatic Precipitator
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
AGR
FDA
HARSDA/D
FGD/CDS
SRS
WFGD
# of
Uni
ts
CFBIGCCPC
SO2AGR - Acid Gas Removal FDA- Flash Dryer
Absorber HAR- Hydrated Ash
Reinjection (Polishing Scrubber)
SDA-Spray Dry Absorber/ DFGD-Dry Flue Gas
Desulfurization/CDS-Cent. Dry Scrubber SRS - Sulfur Removal
System (SO2 & H2SO4) WFGD - Wet Flue Gas
Desulfurization
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Trends
• More applications each year• Boiler operating day (NSPS Subpart Da)
– Redefined for units after February 28, 2005 – “24-hour period…during which any fuel is combusted
at any time in the steam-generating unit”– Makes before and after comparisons unequal
• Next generation of plants – Permitted rates are lower– Not yet in operation
• In the future, will CO2 be measured instead of calculated?
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Thank you.
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2006 Gasification Technologies Conference
Acronyms
• CFB-circulated fluidized bed• CO-carbon monoxide• CO2-carbon dioxide• Hg-mercury• IGCC-integrated gasification combined cycle • NOx-nitrogen oxides• NSPS-New Source Performance Standards• PC-pulverized coal• PM10-particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter• SO2-sulfur dioxide