Comparisons

Neocolonialism

• Efforts at development thwarted by high costs of industrialization• Turn to loans for development with costly results

• Primary sector economy subject to volatile global demand

• Corruption

Population Growth

• Overpopulation = # of people outstripping resources

• Result of…• Reduced death rates (better nutrition, modern

healthcare)

• Continued high birth rates (lack of industrialization, cultural preferences for large families & male children, lack of education)

Urbanization

• Rapid rural-to-urban migration caused by rural population growth & lure of cities• Sprawling slums from poverty

• Overpopulation & limited economic development meant rapid environmental damage• Soil depletion, deforestation, industrial pollution

Gender Struggles

• Achieved legal equality

• However women still face limited career opportunities & lower health / education levels

↳Caused by large family sizes, cultural customs, religious revivalism

Contrasts

• India: reflected early independence & complex colonization• Decentralization, inequality remained, Hinduism

influential

• Middle East: reflected importance of Islam• Tension over Israel & oil, secular v. Islamic rule,

role of women

• Africa: reflected power of Western imperialism• Poverty & dependence on West, religious

conversion, “Big Man” rule

Global Connections

• Keep in mind context of challenges that emerging nations face• Newly independent• Held together remarkably well considering

artificial boundaries• Made industrial progress w/ none of the

advantages of West had