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Competitive Exams: Panchayati Raj The term ‘Panchayati Raj’ in Indiasignifes the system o rura oca se!"overnment# It is created in athe $tates in India %y the &cts o concerned $tate 'egisature to

esta%ish democracy at the grass root eve# It is entrusted (ith theduties and the responsi%iities in the fed o rura deveopment# It (asconstitutionai)ed through the *+rd Constitutiona &mendment &ct o,--.# &t the Centra eve/ the 0inistry o Rura 1eveopment oo2sater the matters reating to the Panchayati Raj %odies# ‘'oca"overnment’ is a su%ject o the $tate 'ist# The fth entry o the $tate'ist in the $eventh $chedue o the Constitution o India deas (ith the‘'oca "overnment’ 3a(ant Rai 0ehta Committee In 4anuary ,-5*/ the"overnment o India appointed a committee to examine theunctioning o the Community 1eveopment Program 6,-5.7 and the

8ationa Extension $ervice 6,-5+7 and to suggest measures or their%etter perormance# The committee su%mitted its report in 8ovem%er,-5* and recommended the esta%ishment o the scheme or‘democratic decentrai)ation (hich utimatey came to %e 2no(n asthe’ Panchayati Raj9# Recommendations The specifc recommendationsmade %y it are: Esta%ishment o a three!tier Panchayati Raj $ystem(hich incudes ia Parishad at the 1istrict 'eve/ Panchayat $amiti atthe 3oc2 'eve and "ram Panchayat at the ;iage 'eve# These tiersshoud %e organicay in2ed together through a device o indirecteections# The viage panchayat shoud %e constituted (ith directy

eected representatives/ (hereas the Panchayat $amiti and the iaParishad shoud %e constituted (ith indirecty eected mem%ers# & thepanning and deveopmenta activities shoud %e entrusted to these%odies# The Panchayat $amiti shoud %e the executive %ody (hie theia Parishad shoud %e the advisory/ coordinating and supervisory%ody# The 1istrict Coector shoud %e the Chairman o the iaParishad# There shoud %e a genuine transer o po(er andresponsi%iity to these democratic %odies# &de# The Counci did not insist on a singe rigid pattern andet it to the $tates to evove their o(n patterns suita%e to the ocaconditions# 3ut the %asic principes and the %road undamentas shoud%e identica throughout the Country# Rajasthan (as the frst $tate toesta%ish the institution o Panchayati Raj# The scheme (as

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inaugurated %y the then Prime 0inister Pt 4a(ahar 'ai 8ehru on?cto%er ./ ,-5-/ in 8agaur 1istrict# Rajasthan (as oo(ed %y &ndhraPradesh (hich aso adopted the system in ,-5-# Rajasthan adopted athree!tier system# Exceptions Tami 8adu adopted a t(o!tier system#@est 3enga adopted a our!tier system# &sho2 0ehta Committee In

1ecem%er ,-**/ the 4anata "overnment appointed a committee onPanchayati Raj institutions under the chairmanship o &sho2 0ehta# Itsu%mitted its report in &ugust ,-*> and made ,+. recommendationsto revive and strengthen the decining Panchayati Raj $ystem in thecountry# RTecommendations The three!tier system o the PanchayatiRaj shoud %e repaced %y t(o!tier system/ that is/ the ia Parishad atthe district eve/ and %eo( it/ the 0anda Panchayat consisting o agroup o viages comprising a popuation o ,5 6AA7/ to .B/ BBB# &district shoud %e the frst point or the decentraisation under thepopuar supervision %eo( the $tate eve# The ia Parishad shoud %e

the executive %ody and %e made responsi%e or panning at the districteve# There shoud %e an ocia participation o the poitica parties ata the eves o panchayat eections# The Panchayati Raj institutionsshoud have compusory po(ers or taxation to mo%iise their o(nfnancia resources# There shoud %e a reguar socia audit %y a districteve agency and %y a committee o egisators to chec2 (hether theunds aotted or the vunera%e socia and economic groups areactuay spent on them# The $tate "overnment shoud not supersedethe Panchayati Raj institutions# In case o imperative super session/eection shoud %e hed (ithin six months rom the time o super

session# The 8yaya Panchayats shoud %e 2ept as separate %odies romthat o deveopment panchayats# They shoud %e presided over %y a

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, Panning 6,-*>7 and the Fanumantha Rao Committee Report on the1istrict Panning 6,->G7# The Fanumantha Rao Committee di=ered inrespect rom the 3a(ant Ray 0ehta Committee/ &dministrativeReorms Commission o India/ the &sho2 0ehta Committee and fnaythe "# ;# D# Rao Committee (hich recommended reduction in the

deveopmenta roe o the 1istrict Coector and assigned a major roeto the Panchayati Raj in deveopment administration# '0 $inghviCommittee In ,->/ Rajiv "andhi "overnment appointed a committeeon the ‘Revitaisation o the Panchayati Raj Institutions or 1emocracyand 1eveopment’ under the chairmanship o '# 0# $inghv#Recommendations The Panchayati Raj Institutions shoud %eConstitutionay recogni)ed/ protected and preserved# Hor this purpose/a ne( chapter shoud %e added in the Constitution o India# It asosuggested some Constitutiona provisions to ensure reguar/ ree andair eections to the Panchayati Raj %odies# 8yaya Panchayats shoud

%e esta%ished or a custer o viages# The viages shoud %eorgani)ed to ma2e the "ram Panchayats more via%e# It asoemphasi)ed the importance o the "ram $a%ha and caed it as theem%odiment o direct democracy# The ;iage Panchayats shoud havemore fnancia resources# The 4udicia tri%unas shoud %e esta%ished ineach $tate to eradicate controversies a%out eection to the PanchayatiRaj Institutions/ their dissoution and other matters reated to theirunctioning# Constitutionai)ation The 8arsimha Rao "overnmentintroduced the Constitutiona &mendment 3i in the 'o2 $a%ha in$eptem%er ,--,# It (as passed %y the 'o2 $a%ha on 1ecem%er ../

,--. and %y the Rajya $a%ha on 1ecem%er .+# 'ater/ it (as approved%y the ,* $tate &ssem%ies and received the assent o the President oIndia on &pri .B/ ,--+#Read more at: http://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/Political-Science/Panchayati-Raj.html

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