competition experiments. what is competition? what are possible response variables for a competition...
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Competition experiments
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What is competition?
What are possible response variables for a competition
experiment?
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Associate species Focal species
Resource
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Some competition questions
• Does associate species X affect focal species Y?
• How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)?
• Is competition asymmetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa?
• Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?
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Additive designFocal species
Associate
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N associate
N focal species
Monoculture of focal
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Substitutive design (replacement series)
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N associate
N focal species
Monoculture of focal
Monoculture of associate
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N associate
N focal species
Monocultures of focal
Monocultures of associate
Response surface
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1. What two factors/processes are confounded in your experimental design?
2. Which type of competition question can your design answer? Which can it not?
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Some possible types of competition questions
•Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive
•How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)?
•Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa?
•Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?
![Page 12: Competition experiments. What is competition? What are possible response variables for a competition experiment?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649f4d5503460f94c6e43e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Some possible types of competition questions
•Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive
•How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive
•Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa?
•Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?
![Page 13: Competition experiments. What is competition? What are possible response variables for a competition experiment?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649f4d5503460f94c6e43e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Some possible types of competition questions
•Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive
•How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive
•Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa?
•Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?
L-shaped additive or substitutive
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Some possible types of competition questions
•Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive
•How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive
•Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa?
•Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)? Additive
L-shaped additive or substitutive
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Example: Additive series design for container mosquito larvae
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1985
1996
Aedes albopictus invades N America from SE Asia in 1985, via used tire trade at Houston
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Breeds in containers habitats (old tires, treeholes), like native species, Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
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Ranges overlap, potential for interspecific competition
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Experimental design (“Additive series”)
Juliano, S. 1998. Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79: 255-268.
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es a
lbop
ictu
s
Substitutive or
replacement series
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Experimental design (Additive series)
Juliano, S. 1998. Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79: 255-268.
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es a
lbop
ictu
s
Addition design
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Experimental design
Juliano, S. 1998. Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79: 255-268.
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es a
lbop
ictu
s Can asses Aedes aegypti performance in these treatments
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Hypotheses:
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es
alb
op
ictu
s
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse Albo has no effect
on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg
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Hypotheses:
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es
alb
op
ictu
s
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse Albo has no effect
on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg
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Hypotheses:
Aedes aegypti
Aed
es
alb
op
ictu
s
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse Albo has no effect
on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
re
spo
nse
Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg
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Results
aeg 20 20 40 60albo 0 40 20 0
Aed
es
aeg
ypti
su
rviv
ors
hip
ANOVA: treatment x food x tire(=block)
Followed by posthoc to find difference between levels