Index

Compiled by the author

Aaron: objects, 294 Aaronsohn family: spies, 33 Aaronsohn, Aaron: 33-4, 37 Aaronsohn, Sarah: 33 Abadiah (Gulf of Suez): and the

October War, 458 Abandoned Areas Ordinance (948):

256 Abasan (Arab village): attacked, 244 Abbas, Doa: killed by a Hizballah

rocket, 641 Abbas Mahmoud: becomes Palestinian

Prime Minister (2003), 627; launches Road Map, 628; succeeds Arafat (2004), 630; meets Sharon, 632; challenges Hamas, 638, 639; outlaws Hamas armed Executive Force, 644; dissolves Hamas-led government, 647; meets repeatedly with Olmert, 647, 648,649,653; at Annapolis, 654; to continue to meet Olmert, 655

Abdul Hamid, Sultan (of Turkey): Herzl contacts, 10; his sovereignty to receive 'absolute respect', 17; Herzl appeals to, 20

Abdul Huda, Tawfiq: negotiates, 253 Abdullah, Emir: 52,87, 149-50, 172,

178-80,230, 241, 242, 253, 254, 484; assassinated, 274; his grandson at Rabin's funeral, 589

Abdullah II, King of Jordan: and the renewed peace process (2007), 647; and a cross-community cooperative venture, 651

Abraham (the Patriarch): and Hebron, 397

Absentees Property Law (950): 256 Abu Ageila (Sinai): a base established

at, 244; buildings of, demolished, 246; and the Sinai campaign, 322; and the Six Day War, 386

Abu Amar: shot dead, 559 Abu Dis: road block at, 630 Abu Ful, Suliman: killed, 632 Abu Ghosh (Arab village): a kibbutz

near, 45; an accidental death near, 209; a villager from, killed by a suicide bomb, 614

Abu Jihad: assassinated, 528 Abu Nidal: heads a 'Liberation

Movement', 503 Abu Rudeis (Sinai): bombed, 441;

evacuated by Israel, 468 Abu Zaid, Raid: killed, 632 Academy of the Hebrew Language:

established, 299-300 Accra (Ghana): 332 Acre: 3,80, 126, 172, 199, 205, 266, 344,

345; rocket deaths in (2006), 641 Acre Prison: executions in, 143, 148 Adam Institute: 604 Adamit: founded, 331-2 Adan, Major-General Avraham: and the

October War, 437 Adar, Zvi: teaches, 91 Adas, Shafiq: hanged, 225 Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): Jewish

emigrants gather in, 537 Aden: 154, 260 Adenauer, Konrad: and reparations from

Germany, 279-80, 283-4; and German help for Israel, 334-5

Adiav, Yarum: and a protest, 501 Adler, Cyrus: becomes a patron, 26 Adler, Saul Aaron: an educational

pioneer, 54 Adler-Rudel, Salomon: and Displaced

Persons, 259 Admon, Yedidyah: returns, 403 Adriatic Sea: 98, 125, 126, 259 Adullam Region: agriculture in, 331 Aegean Sea: 98, 126, 259 Afghanistan: 150 Afikim: founded, 68; a kibbutznik from,

139 Africa: and Ben-Gurion, 74; immigrants

from, 263, 519; and Israel, 332, 346, 460

Afridar: founded, 290

711

Israel

Afula: founded, 54; its hospital, 55; a Fatah attack in, 356; and Dayan's 'view of the map', 405; a suicide bomb massacre in, 569, 575

Agnon, Shai (Samuel Czaczkes): wins Nobel Prize, 360-1

Agranat Commission of Inquiry: and the October War (973), 430, 464-5

Agranat, Shimon: 67,430 Agricultural Settlement Department (of

the Jewish Agency): 331 Agron, Gershon: 69 Agudat Yisrael: its electoral success,

275; its philosophy, 276-7; and the political crisis of 1990, 545

Ahad Ha'am (Asher Ginsburg): 13, 14, 20, 21, 28, 39; his philosophy, and the State of Israel, 335-6

Aharonovitch, Yosef: and Jewish labour, 79; remembered, 82

Ahdut (newspaper): 27 Ahimeir, Abba: charged, 71-2 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud: his threats,

635. 642 AI-Ahram (newspaper): and the

inevitability of war, 373-4 Air France: an airliner of, hijacked, 471,

472 Aix Group: and an Israeli-Palestinian

initiative, 634 Akaba (Transjordan, later Jordan): 247,

318, 546; negotiations at, 572; the Israel-Jordan peace treaty signed at, 576; prospects for, 580-1

Akaba, Gulf of: 73, 116, 248, 318; and the Sinai campaign, 325; and the Law of the Sea, 332-3; and the road to war in 1967, 368, 373, 376; and the Six Day War, 387; and the October War, 438; settlements on, to be given up, 494; and the Taba dispute, 500; a political summit at (2003), 627

Akiva, Rabbi: remembered, 273 Akrotiri Air Base (Cyprus): and the

October War, 448 al-Aksa Mosque (Jerusalem): fears

concerning, 57; an assassination at, 274; Sadat prays at, 489; and an 'Israel-Zionist plot', 596; and the denial of a Muslim burial, 601; digging near, 621; and the 'al-Aksa Intifada', 621

Ala'a, Abu: and the Oslo talks (993), 559, 560, 561, 563

Alaska: 147 Albania: Jews of, 271 Albeck, Chanokh: teaches, 79 Albright, Madeleine: her intervention,

616; her advice, 616 Alei Sinai: a woman jogger shot dead in,

629 Alei Zahav: a soldier from, ambushed

and killed, 562 Aleksandrow Rebbe: murdered (942),

289 Aleppo (Syria): 154 Alexander II, Tsar of Russia: bestows an

honour, 5 Alexandria (Egypt): 30, 78, 154, 297, 431 Aley (Lebanon): held by Syrian troops

(982),506 Alfasi, Shimon: his last order, 168 Alfredo (in La Traviata): 352 Algeria: immigrants from, 259; and Arab

nationalism, 315; and the October War, 437, 444; two volunteers from, in Beirut, 509; and terror, 579; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Algiers: Soviet tanks on way to, 444 Algiers Summit (973): and the

aftermath of the October War, 462 Ali Montar Ridge (Gaza Strip): and the

Sinai campaign, 324 Alignment for the Unity of Israeli Workers

(the Alignment): a new political Party, 359; and the impact of the October War, 461, 463; and the 1977 .General Election, 478, 479; and the 1981 General Election, 499; derides the opposition to Sabbath flights by EI AI, 502; and the Lebanon War, 509; and the 1984 General Election, 516; and the political crisis of 1990, 544

Alkahi, Mordechai: executed, 143 All-Palestine Government: established

(948), 230; not recognized, 241 Allenby, General: 35, 36, 37, 135 Alliance Israelite Universelle (school

system): 27, 29 Alliance of the Land of Israel Faithful:

formed, 494 Allon, Yigal: 92, 143-4; and the struggle

for Palestine 0947-8), 175, 177-8; and the War of Independence, 206, 207, 218; and the dismantlement of the Palmach, 229-30; and the battle for the Faluja Pocket, 237-9; and the conquest of the Negev, 242-3; and the

712

Index

advance into the Sinai, 245-6; and the withdrawal from Sinai, 247; his work as Minister of Labour, 342; and the road to war in 1967, 376, 382; and the Six Day War, 387; and the West Bank's future, 398, 406; and the return of Jews to Hebron, 405; and the choice of Golda Meir as Prime Minister, 408-9; opposes West Bank settlements, 423; and the Golan Heights, 454; and the October War, 456; and a historical dispute, 485-6; votes against Camp David, 493

Allon Plan: and the West Bank, 406, 408, 419, 469; aspects of, revived, 612

Allonei Abba: founded, 196 Allonei Yitzhak: founded, 234 Allonim: founded, 91 Almagor: founded, 343; flourishes, 419 Almah: founded, 264 Al-Moharer (newspaper): and an

inflammatory statement, 544 Aloni, Shulamit: protests, 509; and the

formation of a new political party, 532 Alphand, Herve: and the war crisis of

1967, 367 Alsheikh, Shalom ben Joseph: 9 Alsop, Joseph: interviews Dayan, 298 Altalena (steamship): the struggle

around, 210-3; the aftermath of, 228-9, 230

Alterman, Nathan: his poems, 116, 126-7, 263, 315

Altmann, John: and the Altalena, 212-3 Alummot: founded, 96 Alzjary, Saleh: visits and Israeli school

(2004),632 Amashe, Suaal: killed, 157 Amedi, Chaim: killed, 592 Amer, General Abdul Hakim: and the

Sinai campaign, 323; and the coming of war in 1967, 367

America-Israel Culture House (New York): 361

America Palestine Fund: 96-7,361 American Colony Hotel Oerusalem): and

the intifada, 540 American Friends of Ateret Cohanim:

524 American Friends of the Hebrew

University: 407 American Information Office (Baghdad):

bombed, 257 American Jewess (newspaper): 14

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the Joint): 127, 259, 260

American Labour Zionist Order: 114 American Marines: in Beirut (982), 508,

512; and a terrorist bombing (983), 515

American Zion Commonwealth: 54 American Zionist Emergency Council:

150 American Zone of Occupation

(Germany): 124, 125, 147, 249 Amery, Leopold: supports Zionist loan,

56-7 Amidar (housing company): 267 Aminadav: his son recalled, 167 Aminadav: founded, 268-9; an

immigrant killed at, 313 Amir: founded, 96 Amir, Colonel Gaby: and the October

War, 437 Amir, Yigal: a would-be assassin, 579,

581, 583; succeeds, 587; and 'Jewish values', 588

Amirim: founded, 268 Amit, Meir: joins a new political Party,

478 Amital, Rabbi Yehuda: leads a political

Party, 531 Amman (Transjordan, later Jordan): 199,

225, 230, 253, 255, 377; and the Six Day War, 393; Rabin offers to travel to, 554; Peres's private visit to, 568; Rabin negotiates in, 573, 576; Rabin's hopes for, 578; an assassination attempt in, 616

Amman Economic Conference: and Arab-Israeli cooperation, 586

Amman Radio: and the October War, 443

Ammiad: founded, 137 Ammunition Hill Oerusalem): and the

Six Day War, 386 Amnesty International: and the Jenin

'massacre' (2002), 625 Amona (West Bank): demolitions at, 637 Amzalak, Hayyim: finances the first

village, 6 Anal (refugee ship): 145 Anatolia (Turkey): 30 Anderson, Robert B.: an American

intermediary, 307-10 Andrews, Lewis: murdered, 89 Anielewicz, Mordechai: remembered,

114

713

Israel

Anglo-American Palestine Committee: 113,136

Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry (on Palestine): 124, 128-9, 132

'Anglo-Baltic' kibbutz: 114 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty: 245 Anglo-Jordanian Defence Treaty: 316 Ankara (Turkey): 115 Annan, Kofi: condemns a killing, 629;

condemns a 'disproportionate' Israeli response, 640

Annapolis Conference (Maryland): and the renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007), 653-4; not to be derailed, 655; Arab countries to be encouraged to support, 655-6

Antwerp: defence of (1914), 194; arms from (1948), 225

Appelfeld, Aharon: international status of, 617

Appell, Hannah: her letters, 235 Arab Boycott: challenged, 556 Arab Centre for Law and Policy

(Nazareth): 642 Arab Democratic Party: founded, 526;

recognizes PLO, 527; and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 546; enters the coalition (1992), 550; and a Likud criticism of the peace process, 583

Arab Emergency Committee (Jaffa): 183 Arab Executive (Palestine): 61 Arab Hashemite Kingdom: established,

230 Arab Higher Committee: and partition,

149; declares a strike, 155; urges departure, 173

The Arab-Israeli Wars (Chaim Herzog): 320, 432, 433, 437, 440, 441-2, 446-7

'Arab Jerusalem': see East Jerusalem Arab League: established, 119; and

partition, 141; and Jewish statehood, 153, 155; rejects talks, 291; opposes emigration of Soviet Jews, 426-7; and a crisis over a tunnel, 596; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Arab Legion: 149, 168, 172, 176-7, 178, 179, 180, 181, 184, 192, 196, 197, 198, 199,205,206,213; and the

battle for Lydda and Ramie, 216-8; and the third battle of Latrun, 221; and Jerusalem, 221, 222, 223, 233; areas

controlled by, 230; an officer of, at Faluja, 239; an appeal to, 244; withdraws,

Beit Ha-Arava's fate, 401; a prisoner of, lights a torch, 603

Arab Liberation Army: 155, 159, 163-4, 170-1,171-2, 177,220,223,234,236, 237

Arab National Guard (Palestine): 159 Arab refugees (1948-9): 204-5, 271, 285 Arab riots (in Palestine): (of 1920) 47,

48; (of 1921) 47, 48, 49; (of 1929) 55, 495; (of 1936) 343, 354

Arab States: and the Road Map (2002), 626

Arabs (of the Occupied Territories): 394, 396-8, 399, 400, 403-4, 405, 406, 412

Arabs (of Israel): and the Israeli Declaration of Independence, 188; gain access to Israeli institutes of higher learning, 292; in the Northern Galilee, 331; numbers of, 344; rights of, 344-5; a demonstration by, 471; and a Zionist goal achieved, 529; and the 1988 election, 531; population of (1997), 605; criticisms by, 642-3

Arabs (of Palestine): in the pre-State era, 7, 17, 23, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 38, 42, 43, 47,48,50,55,57,59-62; and the aftermath of the riots of 1929, 63-8, 114; and the demography of Palestine, 69, 88, 92, 97; and Jewish immigration after 1933, 72, 80, 113; and the renewal of violence (1937), 89, 90, 92, 94; and a raid on a detention camp, 130; and partition, 136, 141-2, 149; and Hitler's 'crimes', 144; and the struggle throughout Palestine (1947-8), 151-2, 154-85

Arad: founded, 342-3; a new settlement near, 613

248; and Israeli reprisals, 314, 315; and

Arafat, Yasser: leads Fatah, 354; seeks 'the uprooting of the Zionist entity', 418; and the world's 'widest gate', 467; and President Carter's call for a Palestinian 'homeland', 477; an opponent of, and a terror attack, 503; and Israel's invasion of Lebanon (1982), 504; leaves Beirut for Tunis, 508; sets up PLO headquarters in Tunis, 513; and Hamas, 528, 557; and his autonomy government 0995- ), 528; and a murder in Jerusalem, 541; 'I want you to shoot', 544; meets Ezer Weizman, 548; and Israeli-PLO talks, 561; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 565, 566, 569; and the Cairo Agreement

714

Index

(1994), 570; and the Palestinian Authority, 570-1,621; and suicide bombs, 574, 575, 579; and Clinton's 'mission', 576; and Peres's advice, 580; negotiates with Peres, 580, 581, 582-3; signs Oslo II (1995), 584; sends condolences, 591; visits Leah Rabin, 591; and Israel's 19% General Election campaign, 594; complaints against, 595; and a Washington summit (1996), 596; and Christmas in Bethlehem (1996), 598; his jurisdiction, 605; and the 1967 borders of Israel, 609; at Camp David (2000),621,622; appoints a Prime Minsiter, 627; refuses to renew Camp David talks, 627; dies (2004), 630

A-Ram: a twelve-year-old boy killed in, 558

Aranne, Zalman: and the 'fearful toll' of war (1967), 375

Arava Institute for Environmental Studies: 651

Arava Valley: 248, 268, 271-2; a vision for, 572; and the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, 574, 576

Arava Valley Border Crossing: opened (1994),572

Arbel, Edna: and a political scandal, 602 archaeology: and the Jewish national

heritage, 57-8; and the Negev, 272; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295-6; and a murderous incident, 313, 315; and a discovery near the Dead Sea, 341; and Masada, 351; and a private dig, 404; and the collapse of a political Party, 498

Ardinest, lieutenant Shlomo: a heroic defender, 432, 433

Arens, Moshe: votes against Camp David, 493; opposes the London Agreement, 523; supports direct talks, 543; and the Gulf War, 546

Argentina: 13, 21, 65, 138, 336 Argov, Nehemiah: and Ben-Gurion's

'childish astonishment', 195-6; and an Israeli reprisal raid, 298

Argov, Shlomo: attempted assassination of,503

Ariel: a soldier ambushed and killed near, 562; a cornerstone laying ceremony in, 609

Arikha, Avigdor: wounded,198

Arlosoroff, Chaim: 63,69-70; murdered, 71-2; recalled, 73, 212, 584

Arlosoroff, Shaul: his warning, and his appeal,584

Arlosoroff, Sima: and her husband's murder, 71-2

Armenian earthquake (1999): Israel sends aid to, 650

Armenian Quarter (Jerusalem): 199 Armenians: a tiny minority, 605;

'genocide' against, 612 Armistice Agreements (1949): in

prospect, 246, 247; negotiated, 248-9, 250, 252, 253-4, 254, 255, 265, 274, 333, 418

Armour Service (of the Haganah): 156 The Army of Israel (Pearlman): 194-5 Arnona (Jerusalem): 233 Ashdod: a teacher from, warns, 538-9 Ashkelon: a holiday village near, 290;

fedayeen raids near, 301; and Project Renewal, 484-5; a suicide bomber in, 592; and Israel's beaches, 618; rockets fired into, 639

Ashkenazi, Captain Motti: a heroic defender, 432

Ashkenazi-Sephardi division: 42, 259, 303, 336, 344, 407, 420-1, 479, 519-20, 619; and the 1988 General Election, 531; and the 1996 General Election, 595; and the 'ethnic devil', 604

Askar (refugee camp): a youth shot dead in, 558

Asia Minor: Jewish refugees reach, 115 Asia: and 'the misery of the Jews', 14;

and Jewish places of learning, 20; and the Arabs, 62, 88; and a 'bridge', 74; and socialist Parties, 288; and the Bandung Conference, 300; the new States of, and Israel, 332, 346, 460; and the Casablanca economic conference, 577

Asian Socialist Conference (1953): 288 Asmara (Ethiopia): 303 Aspen Institute: and the renewed Israeli­

Palestinian peace process (2007), 656 Asquith, 2nd Earl: 117 assassination: of an anti-Zionist, 52-3; of

a Zionist, 71-2; of Lord Moyne, 118-9; and the Altalena, 212; of Count Bernadotte, 228-9; of General Razmara, 274, of Riad Bey e-Solh, 274;

715

Israel

assassination (continued) of the Emir Abdullah, 274; of Yitzhak Rabin, 274, 587, 588-92, 618; of Nokrashy Pasha, 242; of Israel Kastner, 304, 349; of President Kennedy, 348; of President Sadat, 499; and 'liberation', 504; of President-elect Bashir Jemayel, 509; of Yahiya Ayash, 592; attempted, against Max Nordau, 22; attempted, against Khaled Mashaal, 616

Assassins: recalled, 122 Association for Civil Rights in Israel

(A.C.R.I.): 608 Association of Jews from Arab Countries:

271 Association of Wine Growers: 26 Assyria: and the road to war in 1967,

369 Ateret Cohanim: advocates widespread

settlement in the Occupied Territories, 524

Athens Airport: a terrorist attack on, 404; a hijacking after take-off from, 471

Athlit: an experimental station at, 25; 'illegal' immigrants detained at, 101, 107; a raid on, 130-1; a leading Jew murdered while on his way from, 157

Atlantic (refugee ship): 105, 106, 108 Atlantic Ocean: 75 Atomic Reactor (Dimona): 522 Attar, Danny: and a cross-community

cooperative venture, 651 Attlee, Clement: and 'pure hypocrisy',

128; and the future of the 100,000, 135 Auerbach, Elias: opens a hospital, 28 Auschwitz: and a trial for slander, 303;

visits to, 556; the liberation of, commemorated, 579; a survivor of, killed by a suicide bomb, 613; son of a survivor of, in space, 628

Austin, Warren: and American opposition to partition, 165

Australia: 137, 138, 150, 185, 210, 268; volunteers from (1973), 437

Australian forces (in Syria): 111 Austria: 79, 85, 93, 95, 97, 124, 125, 126,

128, 134, 136, 336, 352, 426 Austro-Hungarian Empire: 11, 19, 30,

90, 259 Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS): 103 Avenue of the Righteous (Yad Vashem,

Jerusalem): 289

Avidar, Yosef: and military training, 85 Avigur, Shaul: see Meirov, Shaul Avihail: founded,69 Aviner, Rabbi Shlomo: 'the Arabs are

squatters', 524 Avisar, Sergeant Gitai: shot dead, 562 Avner, Yehuda: xii; and the Eichmann

Trial, 337; and the 'retreat of the pioneer ethos', 404; and the immigration of Ethiopian Jews, 497; and the rotation experiment, 524; and the Washington talks, 549

Avrahami, District Police Superintendent Levi: and the use of tear-gas, 281

Avramov, Gregory: stabbed to death, 561

Avriel, Ehud: in Istanbul, 115; in Czechoslovakia, 168, 199, 286

A wali River (Lebanon): Israeli troops reach, 505; Israel withdraws south of, 512

Axelrod, David: incitement by, 539 Ayalon, Assistant Superintendent Moshe:

injured, 281 Ayash, Hofit: killed, 592 Ayash, Yahiya: a wanted man, 575;

assassinated, 592 Ayelet Ha-Shahar: safety of, 175 Azar, Samuel: hanged, 296 Azaria, Natan: stabbed to death, 561 Azma'ut (steamship): brings refugees,

247 Azur: an accident at, 404 Azzadin, Amin Bey: leaves, 172 Azzam Pasha: and partition, 141

Baabde (Lebanon): Israeli and Syrian tanks battle near (1982), 506

Bab ai-Wad: ambushes at, 157, 167, 173 Babylon: and Jerusalem 99; and the

Jews, 113; and Jewish terrorism, 139; exiles from, remembered, 231; and the road to war in 1967, 369

Baghdad: 32, 74, 257, 258, 303; 'savage visions' in, 369; and the Gulf War, 546

Baghdad Pact (955): 304 Bahir, Arieh: at Basle (946), 139 Bahrain: and Palestine, 141; supports

Road Map, 627; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Bailey, Clinton: champions the Bedouin, 360; and a plan for the West Bank, 610-11

716

Index

Baker, James: seeks to mediate, 540, 543, 548, 555

Baku (Azerbaijan): 537 Balata (refugee camp): a death in, 558 Balbeck (Lebanon): Islamic

fundamentalists trained at, 530 Balfour, A.J.: 34, 53, 56-7; and 'that

small notch', 119-20 Balfour Declaration (1917): 34-5, 37-8,

41,42,45,47,49,85, 117, 129, 187, 254, 267, 278; and the Oslo Accords (1993),563

Balkans: 119, 122; Jews from, 519 Ballod, Professor Karl: 38 Baltic Sea: 575 Baltic States: 114, 287 Banai: see Alliance of the Land of Israel

Faithful Bandung Conference (1955): 300 Bangladesh: and the October War, 438 Banias River: and a war crisis, 353 Bank Ha-Poalim: 79 Bar Giyora: founded, 497 Bar-Ilan Road Qerusalem): a protest on,

605 Bar-Ilan University: an assassin from,

588; a warning at, 598 Bar Kochba: his revolt, 90; his hidden

cave, 341 Bar-Lev, Colonel (later General) Chaim:

and the Sinai campaign, 322-3; and a Syrian threat, 353; his fortified line, 401; and a sad telephone call, 413; and the October War, 439, 442, 449

Bar-Lev Line: completed (1969), 401; broken (1973), 460

Bar-On, Mordechai: and a 'Song of Peace', 400; and a tear gas attack, 503; and Ben-Gurion's 'ultimate goal', 613

Bar-On, Roni: and a political scandal, 601-2

Bar-Zohar, Michael: a historian's relections on Ben-Gurion and his new political Party (1965), 359

Barabush, Benny: protests 501; apprehensive, 502

Barak, Aharon: 'You'll rot .. .', 595; his constructive leadership of the Supreme Court, 650-1

Barak, Ehud: grants citizenship, 523; and an assassination raid, 528; a challenge to, 611; and Lebanon, 620; at Camp David, 621, 622; returns as Labour Party leader, 646; and the

renewed peace process (2007),648 Baratz, Yosef: seeks reinforcements, 192 Barbour, Walworth: and the road to war

in 1967, 374 Barkan (West Bank): inducements

offered by, 609 Barkun, Yana: her poem, 600 Barrard, John: and Israel's tiny air force

(1948), 189-90 Barsky, Moshe: killed, 32 Barzani, Moshe: commits suicide, 143 Bashiti, Farid: executed, 601 Basic Law Qerusalem): approved (1980),

496 Basle (Switzerland): Zionist Congresses

in, 13--4, 15, 17, 19, 22, 138-9; an anniversary meeting in, 612

Basle Programme (1897): 14-15, 254, 270

Basra (Iraq): a hanging in, 225 Basri, Yosef Abraham: hanged, 258 Bat Yam: attacked, 176 Bawli, Dan: and the October War,

453--4 Bawli, Lazar: a pioneer, 453 Bazak, Shai: and the Oslo Accords

commitments, 614 BBC Television: interviews Moshe

Dayan, 422 Beatrix, Queen (of the Netherlands): at

Rabin's funeral, 589 Beaufort Crusader Fortress: captured

(1982), 505 Bedouin: help of, enlisted, 9; attack, 43;

neighbours, 82, 83; and land sale to Jews, 115; and a journey southward, 116-7; in the Negev, 137, 541; during the struggle for Jewish statehood, 156, 160, 179, 242; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295; and an ambush, 314; in Sinai, 325; serve as soldiers, 344; their plight, and their champion, 359-60

Be'eri, Isser: his accusation, 210 Be'eri: infiltrators near, 311 Be'erot Yitzhak: founded, 114; attack

on, repulsed, 219 Beersheba: 117, 137, 156, 161, 208, 231,

232, 239, 242, 296, 310, 421, 558; and the 'revolution of peace', 566

Beersheba University: 521; for subsequent index entries, see Ben­Gurion University

Beethoven, Ludwig: performed in Jerusalem, 79

717

Israel

Begin, Benjamin: and an ongoing dispute, 515; and the 'agony of peace', 597

Begin, Menachem: leads the Irgun, 117, 126; and the Altalena, 211, 212, 213; and an ultimatum, 229; leads Herut, 250; calls for no-confidence, 254; and reparations from Germany, 279-83; and the affair of the German scientists, 349; and the coming of war in 1967, 369, 380; and the Six Day War, 387, 396; and the Land of Israel Movement, 400; rejects giving up any part of Sinai, 414-5; resigns, 415; opposes a cease­fire (October 1973), 458; challenges Labour (1977), 475; becomes Prime Minister (1977), 479; negotiates in Washington (1977), 480-1; and Sadat, 483,487,488; and the road to an Israeli-Egyptian peace, 489-90, 490-3, 495 and new settlements, 484, 496, 513; and a reprisal action, 487; opposition to (from the Right), 494; and the West Bank, 494-5; receives the Nobel Peace Prize, 495; and Jerusalem, 496-7; and the bombing of the Iraqi nuclear reactor, 498; and the 1981 General Election, 499; and the pyramids, 499; and the Rafah Salient withdrawal, 500; agrees not to allow Sabbath flights by EI AI, 502-3; and the Lebanon War (982), 503-4, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511; and the Reagan Plan, 508; criticized by the Kahan Commission, 510; and 'the Mark of Cain', 511; leaves office, and dies, 515

Beilin, Yossi: and Israeli-PLO talks, 559; and southern Lebanon, 607

Beinish, Dorit: accepts a Palestinian legal; appeal, 652

Beirut (Lebanon): 154, 253, 274, 367, 624; and the Lebanon War (1982), 505-13; Rabin offers to travel to, 554; and the Hizballah War (2006),640

Beirut International Airport: a reprisal attack on, 404; and the Lebanon War (1982), 505, 506, 508; and the Hizballah War (2006),640

Beirut-Damascus Highway: Israeli troops reach (1982), 505, 506

Beisan: Jews flee from, 80; settlements established near, 82, 85, 98; the 'harassment' of, 175; occupied, 183; settled by Jewish immigrants, 260; for

subsequent index entries see Beit Shean

Beisan Valley: 160, 164, 313 Beit Alpha Qezreel Valley): an

archaeological discovery at, 57-8; attacked, 60

Beit Dagan (police fort): occupied, 183 Beit Darass (airfield): evacuated, 167 BeitEl: founded, 486 Beit Eshel (Negev): a rescue mission

from, 160-1; supplies dropped to, 224 Beit Gamliel: founded, 266 Beit Guvrin: an ambush near, 302 Beit Ha-Aravah: founded, 102;

destroyed, 249; comes under Israeli control, 401

Beit Hannah (Tel Aviv): its fate, 77 n.l Beit Hanun (Gaza Strip): fighting at,

324; a suicide bomber at, 644 Beit Ha-Shittah: founded, 78 Beit Hatefusot (Diaspora Museum): 289,

491 Beit Jalla (Arab village): future of, 149;

an Israeli-Palestinian initiative in, 634 Beit Jibrin (Arab village): overrun, 234;

not to be a birthday present, 254; for subsequent index entries see Beit Guvrin

Beit Jiz (Arab village): occupied 206; and an execution, 210

Beit Lid Junction: a suicide bomb attack at, 579

Beit Machzir (Arab village): occupied, 168

Beit Masmil (Arab village): battle for, 215-6

Beit Nabala (Arab village): and the Arabs of Lydda, 218

Beit Natif (Arab village): captured, 234 Beit Omar (Arab village): a youth killed

in, 558 Beit Oren: 'illegals' taken to, 131 Beit Oved: four farmers killed at, 302 Beit Safafa (Arab village): a killing at,

157; attacked, 216; divided, 265; and an Israeli-Arab initiative, 632-3

Beit Shean: Jewish immigrants settle in, 266

Beit Shemesh: Arabs driven from, 234; Jewish immigrant camp at, 268; schoolgirls from, shot dead, 600

Beit Sussin (Arab village): occupied, 206 Beit Yitzhak: founded, 102 Beit Y osef: founded, 82

718

Index

Beit Zayit: founded, 266 Beit Zera: founded, 51 Beka Valley (Lebanon): Israeli and

Syrian forces clash in (1982), 505; Syria retains control of, 513

Belgium: 77, 497, 616; Gaza exports to, 633

Belsen concentration camp (also Bergen­Belsen): survivors at, 125, 136; a British soldier incarcerated in, 235

Belzec death camp: 112 Ben-Aharon, Yitzhak: and the

premiership succession (1969), 408 Ben-Ari, Colonel Ari: and the Six Day

War, 386 Ben-Artzi, Noa: her eulogy, 590 Ben-David, Colonel Chaim: and the

'Lavon Affair', 338 Ben-Eliezer, Aryeh: shouted down, 252 Ben-Eliezer, Binyamin: his car attacked,

585 Ben-Gurion, David: reaches Palestine,

24-5; and the Arabs of Palestine, 27, 31, 38, 62, 74-6; and the First World War, 31, 34-5, 36, 37; and the Balfour Declaration, 34-5; and the future of the Jews in Palestine, 38, 112; and the Histadrut, 46-7; and Mapai, 63; and the Gulf of Akaba, 73-4; and the Negev, 74, 116, 271, 278; and reprisals, 94,292; and the Second World War, 101, 112; and Jewish land purchase restrictions, 105; and Jabotinsky's body, 110; denounces 'terror', 118; challenges Britain, 121; visits the DP camps (945), 124; works with Irgun and Stern Gangs (946), 132; and 'Black Saturday', 133, 134; and partition, 138, 149; in conflict with Weizmann, 139--40; opposes terror, 142; assumes defence portfolio, 143-4, 151; and 'Jewish towns and villages', 144; gives evidence (July 1947), 146-7; establishes National Command, 151; and the moment of the partition resolution, 153: and the struggle for Palestine (November 1947 to May 1948), 156, 158, 160, 163, 165, 167, 168; urges 'no resistance' at the quayside, 158--9; at the opera, 170; journeys to Jerusalem, 173-4; and the declaration of statehood, 180-2, 186, 188, 190; and the name 'Israel', 187; and the War of Independence, 192-3,

195--6, 196-7, 199, 200-1,202, 205, 207,210,214-5,218,232,244; and the Altalena, 210-3; and the Arabs of Lydda, 218; and the murder of Bernadotte, 228; and the dismantlement of the Irgun, 229; and the dismantlement of the Palmach, 229-30; and a British ultimatum, 245--6; and the first General Election, 250-1; and Egypt, 252; forms Government, 252-3 and immigration (post-1948), 260, 262, 270, 275, 287; visits the United States (951), 273-4; and Israeli politics, 275-7, 293-4; and the crisis over reparations from Germany, 279--83; and help from Germany, 334-5; and Soviet Jewry, 286-7; and Asia, 288, 332, 346; alleged pusillanimity of, 291; appoints Dayan, 292; resigns, 292-3; and the 'Lavon affair', 297, 337--40, 356-7; returns as Prime Minister, 297; forms coalition (955), 300-1; negotiates with Egypt, through an intermediary (956), 307-10; and 'vigorous' retaliation, 314; and a crisis with Iraq, 316; and the Suez crisis, 317--8; and the Sinai campaign, 321, 326, 327; and Africa, 332, 346; and a 'foul-up', 333; and the Eichmann Trial, 336-7; and archaeology, 341; and the Bible, 341-2; and the Revisionists, 344; and the Arabs of Israel, 345; approaches Tito, 345--6; and the affair of the German scientists, 349-50; resigns (963), 350-1; and the Israel Museum, 355; forms a new political Party, 357-9; and 'a shameful defeat', 359; irritates De Gaulle, 361; and Resolution 242, 399; recalled, 474; and a historical dispute, 485--6; and Jerusalem, 496; his 1939 dictum echoed (994), 569; and Israel's 'ultimate goal', 613

Ben-Gurion, Paula: treats wounded, 282 Ben-Gurion Airport: Shcharansky arrives

at, 521; and a journey to a cemetery, 565

Ben-Gurion University: 521, 569 Ben Josef, Shlomo: executed, 93 Ben Ovadia, David: killed, 157 Ben-Porat, Mordechai: in Baghdad, 257;

escapes, 258 Ben-Porat, Pinhas (a pilot): 160-1

719

Israel

Ben-Rafael, David: killed in a terrorist bombing, 604

Ben-Rafael, Elisa: her story, 603-4 Ben Shemen: founded, 24, 25; re­

established, 51; German-Jewish youngsters reach, 69; life at, 94-5, 103; isolated, 157; an act of bravery at, 165-6; and the War of Independence, 218

Ben-Yannai, Motti: his protest, 500 Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer: and the Hebrew

language, 4, 8, 19, 403 Ben Yehuda Street (Jerusalem): a bomb

in, 164; and a nightmare, 224; and a demonstration in, 281; and a suicide attack in, 614

Ben Yosef, Zvi: his death, 183 Ben Zakkai: founded, 266 Ben-Ze'ev, Moshe: investigates, 357 Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak: banished, 31; recruits,

36, 37; warns, 94; a signatory, 188; as President, 293, 337, 341

Benayah: founded, 266 Bene Israel (Indian Jews): 303 Benghazi (Libya): hijackers fly to, 471 Benjamin of Tudela: his travels,

remembered, 264 Benjamin, Tribe of: 470 Bennett, Max: commits suicide, 296 Bennike, General Vagn: and a water

crisis, 291 Benziman, Moshe: his story, 603 Berdichev, Abba: remembered, 196 Berlin, Rabbi Meir: his warning, 213 Berlin: a teacher trained in, 28; a youth

village director from, 51; a youth rescue scheme set up in, 69; a writer emigrates to Palestine from, 76; and the Jewish Olympics', 79; a musician who played in, 81; the Mufti in, 117; a Minister of Justice born in, 253; a helper works in, 259; a 'great revolution' in, 566

Berlin Olympics (1936): 79 Bernadotte, Count Folke: and the first

truce, 208, 210, 215; and a possible cease-fire, 219; assassinated, 228

Bernstein, Leonard: conducts, 143 Bessarabia: 44 Bet Tsouri, Eliahu: an assassin, 118 Betar: founded, 43; criticized, 68 Betar Oath: 'I devote my life ... ' 76 Bethlehem: its future discussed (1947),

149; an ambush south of, 156; fighting

near, 198, 233; a convoy reaches Faluja from, 239; an episode north of, 313; and a plan for the West Bank, 405; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; under the Palestinian Authority (1995), 597; a Christmas celebration in (1996), 598; Israeli troops withdraw from (2003), 628; Hamas electoral victory in (2006),639

Bethlehem Road (Jerusalem): 196, 233 Betselem (human rights organization):

founded, 532; and the intifada, 550, 560

Bevin, Ernest: and the White Paper restrictions, 124; and a 'serious problem', 125; and partition, 141-2; and 'illegal' immigration, 145; and Jaffa, 176; releases detainees, 247

Beyth, Hans: killed, 157 Bezale1 (art school): 27, 29 Bialik, Chaim Nahman: 50-1, 53, 76 Bialystok (Poland): 28 Bible, the: 43, 55, 91, 93, 95, 175, 186,

224, 240, 242, 253, 260, 272, 280, 332, 335, 341-2, 403, 470, 475, 480, 539; and 'our entire policy', 555; and the Casablanca economic conference, 577; and a curse, placed on Rabin, 584-5

Bielski brothers: a partisan with, 198 Bi'ilin (West Bank Arab village): a

successful legal appeal by, 652 Billig, Hannah: devotes her life to the

poor, 343 Billig, Levi: murdered, 343 Biltmore Hotel (New York): conference

at, 112 Bilu: 'let us go!', 5, 6, 8 Bilu junction: an ambush at, 302 Bint Jbail: battle for, 641 BioControl Medical: pioneering research

by, 650 Bir Asluj: an advance through, 242 Bir Gafgafa (Sinai): Nasser's

announcement at, 368 Bir Hama (Sinai): occupied, 244 Bir Hasuna (Sinai): occupied, 244 Bir Nabala: a kidnap victim killed in,

573 Birnbaum, Jacob: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Birya (Arab village): captured, 177 Bir Zeit University (West Bank): closure

of, 549 Bishara, Azmi: Israeli Supreme Court

dismisses charges against, 650

720

Index

Bizerta (North Africa): a secret flight through, 315

'Black October': not in prospect, 436 'Black Paper' (1939): 97, 98 'Black Saturday' (28 June 1946): 132,

133, 270 Black Sea: 77, 101, 158 'Black September' (1970): the conflict

of, in Jordan, 417; recalled, 436 Blair, Tony: in Moscow, 615; and the

Hizbullah-Israel War (2006), 642; Middle East envoy of the Quartet, 647-8, 656; works to set up an Israeli­Palestinian Economic Council, 651; and the Paris conference (2007), 656

Blandford, John W.: and Palestinian Arab refugees, 271

Bloch, Dora: a hostage, murdered, 473 Blue Box: and myriad donations, 19 Blum, Leon: remembered, 114 Blum, Rabbi: and a prisoner's 'soul', 126 Bnei Akiva (religious Zionist movement):

263,613 Bnei Brak: a dynasty re-established in,

289; a protest in, 605 B'not Yaakov bridge (River Jordan):

208, 290-1, 309, 365; and the October War, 434

Boaz, Avraham: killed, 2006 La Boheme (Puccini): 351 Bohemia: 98 Bolshevism: ix; and the Balfour

Declaration, 34 Bonn (Germany): seat of government at,

283,356 Bonoit, Gaby: testifies, 501;

apprehensive, 502 Book Fair (Jerusalem): 617 Boris, King (of Bulgaria): 259 Bosnia: 53, 152 Bosnian Muslims: in Caesarea, 266-7 Bosphorus (Turkey): 101 Boston Morning Globe: and a concert in

the Jezreel Valley, 143 Boumedienne, President Houari: and

the October War, 444 Bourges-Manoury, Maurice: and the

Suez crisis, 312, 313, 317 Bourghiba, President (of Tunisia): and

the October War, 442 Bowden, Captain Tom Derek: a

volunteer, 235 Bowman, H.E.: and nationalist

education, 67

boycotts: recommended against Israel, 651

Brawer, A.].: reflects on an assassination, 53

Brazil: 13, 65, 468 Breir (Arab village): captured, 184 Bressloff, Boris: a volunteer, 201 Brezhnev, Leonid: and the October War,

444, 456 Britain: Russian Jews emigrate to, 5, 24;

Zionist delegates from, 14; an anti­Semite born in, 18; Zionist Jews fight for, 31-2; and the Balfour Declaration, 34; and the Jewish Legion, 36, 37; and a loan, 56-7; and Zionism, 59; and Jewish emigration to Palestine, 70, 71, 104-5, 112, 202; and the last years of the Mandate, 121, 123, 138--9; immigration to, 131-2; praise for, 146, 148; and the partition resolution, 150, 153, 171; and the struggle for Palestine (1947-8), 174, 176, 183, 185; and Israeli independence, 191; volunteers from, 201; immigrants from, 205, 210, 268; issues an ultimatum (1948), 245; and an air crisis (1949), 247; philanthropy from, 261, 263, 331; and reparations, 279; relations with Israel, 300; and the Suez crisis, 312-3, 317-8; and the Sinai campaign, 320, 326; and the Suez war, 331; and the war crisis of 1967, 368, 371, 372, 376; and Resolution 242, 399; and the October War (1973), 447-8, 449, 451; opposes 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467; and the London Agreement, 523; and the Gulf War, 546; and 'money ... for the Mediterranean area', 580; Gaza exports to, 633; and the Palestinian Authority, 638; and a proposed boycott, 651

British India: 67, 104, 124, 142 British Mandate (Palestine): ix, 42, 47,

49, 50, 51, 56, 69, 75, 93, 121, 125, 136, 140, 142, 159, 160; ends, 185, 187, 191; recalled, 269, 270, 397, 398, 412, 416; and the 'Chain of Jihad', 528; and Hamas's territorial aspirations, 530

British Officers Club (Jerusalem): 142 British Overseas Airways Corporation

(BOAC): 156-7 British Zone of Occupation (Austria):

124, 134 British Zone of Occupation (Germany):

124, 125, 249

721

Israel

Brit Shalom (Covenant of Peace): 62 Bronicki, Lucian and Ormat: pioneering

research of, 650 Broom (military operation): 177, 178 Bror Khayil: founded, 184 Brussels (Belgium): Israeli-Palestinian

talks in (1992), 549 Buber, Martin: advocates a university,

20; protests, 256 Bublaan, Colonel Ahmed: his appeal,

347 Bucharan Jews: in Palestine, 23; in

Jerusalem, 55 Bucharest (Roumania): and a 'great

revolution', 566; secret negotiations in (1994),570

Buczacz (Eastern Galicia): 360 Budapest (Hungary): 119 Budapest Fort (Suez Canal): and the

October War, 432 Buddhism: and Ben-Gurion, 311 Buenos Aires (Argentina): a terrorist

bombing in, 604 Bukovina: 115 Bulganin, Nikolai: and the Sinai

campaign, 326 Bulgaria: 98, 119, 137, 205, 259, 271,

301, 352 Bulgarian-Greek border: an airline shot

down over, 301 Bull, General Odd: and the Six Day

War, 385 Bunche, Dr Ralph: calls for withdrawals,

232, 240; and the first armistice, 248; and a second armistice, 254; awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 255

Bureij refugee camp (Gaza): a reprisal against, 289-90; Palestinian stone throwers shot dead in, 560

Burj al-Barajneh refugee camp (Beirut): encircled, 508

Burke, Allan: and a naval exploit, 254 Burma: 93, 175, 207, 270, 288 'Burma Road': 206-8, 209, 221, 223, 233 Burns, Lieutenant-General E.L.M.: and

an Israeli reprisal action, 314 Bush, President George: rejects an

appeal, 523; and Soviet Jewish emigration, 536; and the Helsinki Summit (1990), 546; and the Madrid Conference (1991), 548; and Rabin's visit (1992), 556

Bush, President George W.: becomes President, 622; calls for Palestinian

State, 626; convenes Akaba summit (2003), 627; convenes the Annapolis conference (2007), 653, 654; meets Abbas and Olmert at the White House (2007),655

Caesarea: 102, 113, 163, 266-7, 273, 343 Cafe Apropo (Tel Aviv): 77 n.1; an act

of terror at, 601 Cahen, David: and fossil fuel, 650 Cailingold, Esther: dies of her wounds,

199 Cairo Agreement (1994): 570 Cairo (Egypt): an anti-Semitic book

published in (1899), 18; an assassination in (1944), 118; and Israel's War of Independence (1948-9),202,203,225,242; and the Jewish State, 255; two Jews hanged in, 296-7; Ben-Gurion offers to visit, 310; a treaty of alliance in, 346-7; and the coming of the Six Day War, 367, 369, 371, 373, 377, 381; and the Six Day War, 393; and the War of Attrition, 413; and the October War, 436, 449, 455, 456, 462; Israeli tourists in, 499; an offer of talks in, 540; Rabin flies to Quly 1992), 555; secret negotiations in (1994), 570; negotiations in, suspended, 573; Clinton's 'mission' to, 576

Cairo International Airport: Kuwaiti troops reach, 370; a decisive telephone call from, 495

Cairo Radio: 297, 324, 366, 377 Calais (France): and Yad Mordechai, 194 Caleb: his espionage recalled, 83 California (USA): training in, 273; a

dramatic flight to, 564; Senators from, critical of Israel, 641

Camp David (Maryland) and the emergence of an Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty, 491-3; a negotiator at, at Oslo, 563; a negotiator at, negotiates with Jordan, 572; further negotiations at (2000), 621, 622

Camp David Accords (1978): 491-3; and the 'next step' (1982), 508; and an Israeli peace initiative (1989), 538; and the Washington talks (1991), 549 Rabin's autonomy proposals (1992), 553; and the Oslo negotiations (1993), 562; and the White House signing (13 September 1993), 565

722

Index

Campaign to Free Vanunu and for a Nuclear-Free Middle East: 522

Canaan: and Ben-Gurion's question, 342 Canada: Jewish settlement in, 13; Jewish

recruits trained in, 37; restrictions on Jewish immigration to, 65; survivors admitted to, 138; and the future of Palestine, 149; favours a Jewish State, 150; volunteers from, fight in Israel's War of Independence, 201, 235; recognizes Israel, 243; a frigate from, reaches Israel, 254; immigrants from, 264, 562; warships from, 269; a guarantor, 368; and the coming of war in 1967, 374, 377; opposes 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467; a social initiative from, 650; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Canada-Israel Committee: 646 Canal Zone (Egypt): 247 Carlsbad (Czechoslovakia): 46 Carmel Market (Tel Aviv): 352 Carmel, Moshe: and the Suez crisis

(1956), 315; favours an immediate attack (1967), 375

Carmel Mountains: 111, 131 Carmel Oriental (wine cellars): 7 Carmen (Bizet): 351 Carter, President Jimmy: and the West

Bank, 418; mediates, 475-7; sees 'no moderation', 480; negotiates with Begin, 481-2; and Israeli troops inside Lebanon, 483; and the Camp David talks, 491-3; and Jerusalem, 493; and the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty, 495

Carver, Leslie: and an Israeli reprisal raid, 290

Casablanca (Morocco): economic summit at (1994), 576-9, 580; a follow­up to (1995), 586

Cashman, Nathan: killed in action, 216 Cast a Giant Shadow (film): 208 Caucasus Mountains: 55, 97 Cave of the Patriarchs (Hebron): 420 Ceaucescu, Nicolae: mediates, 482 Census returns 0948, 1950, 1961): 344 Central African Republic: Israeli help

for, 332 Central British Fund: 259 Central Bus Station (Tel Aviv): killings

at, 559 Central Committee (Fatah): 647 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): and

the airlift of Jews from Ethiopia, 498

Central Prison (Jerusalem): 143 Centre for the Defence of the Individual:

see Hotline Ceylon: 288 Chad: IsraAid active in, 650 Chagall, Marc: a print by, and a new

political Party, 358 Chai, Oded: his death in action, 215-6 'Chain of Jihad': since 1936, 528 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart: an anti-

Semite, 18 Chamberlain, Joseph: offers a

homeland, 21 Chamberlain, Neville: a protest to, 98;

and Jewish self-defence, 104 Chancellor, Sir John: High

Commissioner for Palestine, 60, 61 Charles, Prince of Wales: at Rabin's

funeral, 589 Charles, Sir Noel: and Jewish emigration

(1946), 124, 129 Chazan, Naomi: 'End this oppression',

607-8; and targeted assassinations, 624 Chelmno death camp: 112 Chechnya (North Caucasus): Jews from,

fly to Israel, 537, 575 Chessler, Chaim: his work from the

Baltic to the PacifiC, 575 Chicago: 25, 270 China: 207, 522, 523, 554 Chinese Farm (Suez Canal): and the

October War, 448, 449 Chizik, Barukh: acquires a farm, 69 Chizik, Ephraim: a defender, 48; killed,

60 Chizik, Hannah: founds a school, 77 Chizik, Sarah: killed, 43 Chizik, Yitzhak: a diplomat, 270 Chmielnnicki, Bogdan: and the renewal

of pogroms, 41 Chou en-Lai: at Bandung, 300 Christian Arabs: and land sales to Jews,

9; innocent victims, 159; a minority, 344, 605

Christopher, Warren: and the Oslo Accords, 564; and the Cairo Agreement, 570

Churchill White Paper (1922): 50,86,97 Churchill, Winston: and the future, xi;

and the Jews, 40; and Zionism, 40-1; and a Zionist loan, 57; and Palestine, 86-7, 88, 98, 103-4, 107-8, 109, 115, 116, 118, 121, 135, 230;

723

Israel

Churchill, Winston (continued) and the Jewish Brigade Group, 117; and a Stern Gang promise, 119; and a 'squalid war', 145; in 1940, 202; precedents by, 214, 346

Chuvakhin, Dmitri: protests, 366 Circassians: in Palestine, 26; in Israel,

344 'City Line' (Jerusalem): established, 241 Civil Rights Movement: protests, 509; its

electoral success, 531; and the formation of a new political Party, 532

Claims Conference: 279, 284 Clinton, President William J.: rejects an

appeal for clemency, 523; and the Oslo Accords, 564; and 'a mission inspired by a dream of peace', 576; and the assassination of Rabin, 588; his eulogy at Rabin's funeral, 590-1; attends an anti-terrorism conference, 593; seeks to diffuse a crisis, 596; hosts talks at Camp David, 621, 622

Cohen, Eddie: killed in action, 200 Cohen Eli: hanged, 355-6 Cohen, Emmanuel: his ancestors, 603 Cohen family (of Ma'alot): and a

terrorist attack, 466 Cohen, Geula: forms a new political

Party, 494 Cohen, Nehama: killed, 155 Cohen, Peretz: killed in action (1973),

603 Cohen, Sir Ronald: and 'the great

challenge', 646-7 Cohen, Samuel: and Hatikvah, 7 Cohen, Professor Stanley: and human

rights on the West Bank, 533-4 Cohen, Yehoshua: an assassin, 228 Cohn, Haim: and the 'Lavon Affair', 338;

and human rights in the Bible, 539; and a 'lie', 595

Cold War: and the October War, 449 College des Freres (Jerusalem): 221 Cologne (Germany): 18 Columbia space flight: destruction of,

627-8 Comay, Joan: witnesses opera and

gunfire, 170; describes Jaffa, 350 Commercial Centre (Jerusalem):

attacked, 158 Committee of Seven: and the 'Lavon

Affair', 338-9 Commonwealth of Independent States

(CIS): and Soviet Jewish emigration,

537, 575; and Rabin's second premiership, 554

Communism: in the Ukraine, 49; among Zionist pioneers in Palestine, 62; opposed, 63; and the Popular Front (France), 114; and Czechoslovakia (after 1948), 165, 224-5, 285, 286; and Roumania, 259, 482; and China, 288; and Yugoslavia, 345-6; and the Soviet Union, 347, 444; and the Communist bloc, 347, 460, 468; and the post­Communist era, 551, 556

Communist Party (of Israel): 189, 250, 275, 286, 399-400, 471, 479

Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany: see Claims Conference

Concerned Parents of Israeli Soldiers: and the intifada, 539

Conservative Party (Britain): 121 Constansa (Roumania): 115 Constantinople: 12, 17, 30, 31, 270; for

subsequent index entries see Istanbul Constituent Assembly (1949): 250 The Conventional Lies of our Civilization

(Max Nordau): 10 COPE: an Israeli-Palestinian initiative

(2002-5), 633 Cossacks (in Russia): 41 Cotler, Irwin: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Council of Europe (Strasbourg): 426 Council of State: and the Altalena, 212;

Ben-Gurion's warning to, 213-4 Creech Jone, Arthur: and 'law and

order', 154-5 Crescent (French destroyer): in action,

321 Crete: 119 Crimean War: 5 Criminal Investigation Department (CID):

103 Croats: and national self-determination,

11 Crusader ruins: and a golf course, 343 Crossman, Richard: and the Jewish

Displaced Persons, 128; protests, 132-3

Cuba: votes against, 150; tanks of, in Syria, 466

Cukierman, Yitzhak: reaches Israel, 264 Cunliffe-Lister, Sir Philip: warns, 77 Custodian of Absentee Property: 256 Cyprus: 13, 135, 136, 142, 145, 151, 157,

159, 165, 176, 191, 197, 209, 247, 249,

724

Index

258; three Israelis killed in, 519 Czechoslovakia: a Zionist Congress in,

46; Jews from, emigrate to Palestine, 79, 91, 102, 113; and the extension of German rule, 97, 98; Jews on their way through (1946), 134; and Palestine (in 1947--8), 149, 165; arms from (1948), 167--8; survivors from, 196, 199; arms and aircraft to Israel from, 190, 209, 224-5; a crisis with (1952), 285-6; arms to Egypt from, 304, 320; Jews from, part of a 'fantastic mixture', 352

Czechs: 11, 123 Czemowitz (Austria-Hungary): 259

Daburiya (Arab village): surrenders, 220-1

Dachau concentration camp (near Munich): 93, 119

Dafna: founded,96 Dagon Hotel (Ashkelon): 290 Dahab Oasis (Sinai): and the Sinai

campaign, 325 Dahomey: and Israel, 332 Damascus (Syria): Jewish land

purchases near, 19; Jewish forced labour near, 33; and a 'great Victory' (1918), 37; and Arab unity, 74; and the 'Arab homeland', 88-9; and a protest, 159; and the Arab-Jewish struggle (1948-9), 168, 173; bombed, 199, 225; prisoners taken to, 208; an implacable adversary, 255; a hanging in, 355-6; and the coming of war in 1967, 364, 365,367, 369; and the Six Day War, 392-3; and 'Black September', 417; and the October War, 436, 438, 440, 441, 442, 444, 452, 454; Rabin offers to travel to (1992), 554

Damascus-Baghdad Road: and the October War, 443

Damascus Gate Oerusalem): 157, 158, 168,221; ultra-Orthodox Jews attack Palestinians near, 610

Damascus Radio: 456 Damour (Lebanon): Israeli troops reach,

505 Dan: founded, 96; fired on, 353 Dan Hotel (Tel Aviv): and the coming

of war in 1967, 378 Dan, Shaike: an emissary, 345 Daniel Deronda (George Eliot): 4 Daniel Sieff Institute: 69, 268

Danin, Ezra: his mission, 178-9, 180, 181

Danube, River: 98, 101 Danzig, Free City of: 68 Da'or, Ashraf: killed by Israeli troops,

560 Darawshe, Abdel Wahab: leaves the

Labour Party, 526; re-elected to the Knesset, 527; supports Iraq, 546

Darfur: IsraAid helps refugees from, 650 Darwin, Charles: his book translated, 54 Dash: see Democratic Movement for

Change Das Kapital (Karl Marx): and a

courtship, 95 Davar (daily newspaper): 52, 94, 584 David, King: 7, 18, 44, 235, 397 Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur):

settlements founded on (1946), 136-7; in Moscow (1948), 228; and the outbreak of war (1973), 426

Dayan, Assi: 154 Dayan, Moshe: born, 32; and the

founding of Hanita, 92-3; in action north of Hanita, 11 0-11; in Basle (1946), 139; and the United Nations partition resolution, 153-4; and the War of Independence, 192, 216--8; and his brother's death in action, 203, 204; escorts Colonel Marcus's body, 209; and the battle for Lydda and Ramle, 216--8; loses his eye, 235; and a cease­fire, 241; and an armistice, 253; and reprisal raids, 290, 314; becomes Chief of Staff, 292; and 'our cruel fate', 311-2; and the Husan reprisal, 314; and the Kalkilya reprisal, 314-5; and the Suez crisis, 315, 317--8; and the Sinai campaign, 321, 323, 324; and a water crisis, 353; and a new political Party, 357, 358, 359; and the Bedouin, 359; and the prelude to war in 1967, 380, 381, 382-3; and the Six Day War, 387,388,390,391,392,393; and the occupied West Bank, 396--8, 405; and the Suez Canal (after 1967), 401; and 'open bridges', 403; and a controversial invitation, 403-4; and a reprisal action (1968), 404; injured, 404, 405; and the return of Jews to Hebron, 405; his admonition, 405; and Golda Meir's emergence as Prime Minister, 408; and the need 'to endure a protracted struggle', 410-11;

725

Israel

Dyan, Moshe (continued) and the future of the West Bank, 422-3; and 'promises of peace', 423; a warning to, 424; and the coming of war in 1973, 427, 429-30, 431-2; speaks on television (6 October 1973), 435-6; visits the Sinai front (7 October 1973), 437; his Press Conference (9 October 1973), 438; and General Sharon, 439; and Syria, 440, 442; and the Suez Canal, 442, 448-9; and the ending of the October War, 456; calls for an all-Party government (974), 464; resigns, 465; and the future of Sinai, 476; becomes Foreign Minister (977),479; meets King Hussein secretly, 482; meets King Hassan secretly, 482; promises President Carter 'no new civilian settlements' for a year, 484; and arms for Ethiopia, 484; and Sadat's visit to Israel, 488, 489; and the road to an Israeli­Egyptian peace, 489-90, 490, 491, 492; and the Rafa Salient withdrawal, 499

Dayan, Udi: 154 Dayan, Yael: 154, 193; and her uncle's

death in action, 203-4 Dayan, Zorik: killed in action, 154, 171,

203-4 De Gaulle, President Charles: irritated,

361; and the war crisis of 1967, 370-1, 373

Dead Sea: the Hebrew University overlooks, 29, 39, 394; a hike to, 68; and Masada, 68, 351; a hotel at, 85, 153; deaths at, 94; a kibbutz founded at, 102; Ben-Gurion at, 153; and the War of Independence, 240, 248, 249; a road built at, 267; a second kibbutz founded at, 287; and the Dead Sea Scrolls, 295; and the potash works at, 267, 302, 343; and the aftermath of the Six Day War, 401; and a proposed canal, 572

Dead Sea Potash Works: 267, 343 Dead Sea Scrolls: 295-6 Dead Sea Spa Hotel Qordan):

negotiations at, 572 Declaration of Independence 04 May

1948): 186-7, 270, 310; and the Oslo Accords (993), 564

Declaration of Principles (DOP): proposed, 563, 564; signed, 565-7; declining popularity of, 575

Defence Committee (of the British Cabinet): 141-2

Deganya: founded, 26; two Moshes from, 32; a pioneer dies at, 50; battle for, 192-3

Degel Hatorah (political Party): and the political crisis of 1990, 545; in 1992, 550

Deir Rafat (Arab village): seized, 222 Deir Yassin (Arab village): massacre at,

169, 170 Democratic Israel (political Party): see

Meretz Democratic List of Nazareth (949): 250,

252 Democratic Movement for Change: and

the 1977 General Election, 478-9; enters government, 484; disbands, 498, 499

Denmark: lets in refugees, 95; and the path to war (967), 377; envied, 426; troops of, in Hebron (994), 571

Department of Agriculture (Washington DC): and a Zionist pioneer, 25

Deri, Arye: enters government, 532; declines to support Labour, 545; supports Labour, 550-1; under indictment, 595; and a political scandal,601-2

Deuteronomy: and a new settlement, 272

Deutsch, Yvonne: 'I fear for the future of my son', 539-40

Development Zone A: special incentives for, 471

Di Zahav (Gulf of Akaba): to be given up, 494

Diaspora: and Israel, 251, 254, 258, 262-3, 268, 285, 335, 407, 414, 429-30; and Project Renewal, 484; and Operation Moses, 497-8; diversity of, 519; and Soviet Jewry, 520-1, 535; Israelis living in, 617

Dill, Lieutenant-General Sir John: and partition, 87-8

Dimona: founded, 302; Israel's atomic reactor at, 522

Dinur, Benzion: and a unified school system, 277

Dimshits, Mark: sentenced to death, 414 Displaced Persons (DPs): 123, 127-9,

134, 136, 145-6, 202, 249, 258, 259 Dizengoff, Meir: and the First World

War, 32-3

726

Index

'Doar Ivri' (Hebrew mail): 187 Dobrynin, Anatoly: and the October

War, 444 Dolphin Fish Restaurant (Jerusalem):

and the first intifada, 540 Dolph-Disco (Tel Aviv): suicide bomb

at, 624 Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem): 29; and

the Six Day War, 390; King Hussein flies round, 572; Jewish homes in sight of, 615

Domingo, Marta: her debut in Israel, 351

Domingo, Placido: learns his tenor's trade, 351-2

Dominican Republic: takes in refugees, 95

Dor Shalem Doresh Shalom: see Peace Generation

Dorchester Hotel (Park Lane): an attempted assassination at, 503

Dori, Yaakov (formerly Yaakov Dostrovsky): heads Haganah, 101-2, 110; Chief of Staff, 214

Dorot: founded, 112 Dosh (a cartoonist): and the

premiership question, 408 Dostrovsky, Yaakov: see Dori, Yaakov Douglas-Home, Sir Alec: and the

October War, 448, 452 Douglas, Kirk: and the 'Burma Road',

208 Dov Hos (immigrant ship} 130 'dreadful deeds': 630 Dresden (Germany): 78 Dresner, Yehiel: executed, 143 Drobles, Matityahu: and West Bank

settlements, 500-1 Druse soldiers: 171,344,360,441,454 Druse statehood: discussed, 454 Druse Zionist Movement: 604 Dubnow, Simon: his brother's letter to,

5 Dubnow, Vladimir: and the 'ultimate

aim', 5-6 Duff Cooper, Alfred: protests, 98-9 Dulles, John Foster: and Israeli foreign

policy, 304-5; and the Sinai campaign, 326; and Golda Meir, 330; and the road to war in 1967, 371

Dunkirk evacuation (1940): its little boats recalled, 147

Dung Gate (Jerusalem): violence at (1997),610

al-Dura, Mohammad: his death, 621-2

East Germany: and reparations, 279; and the Arab States, 335

East Jerusalem: an 'Assembly' not allowed to be held in, 352; and the road to war in 1967, 377; conquered, 387-8, 395; under Israel control (from 1967),391; the conquest of, recalled (1973), 440, 442; and the aftermath of the October War, 462; its future discussed, at Camp David (1978), 493; a project for, abandoned, 496-7; Jewish purchasing of property in, 524; human rights in, 533; and the Israeli­Jordanian negotiations (1994), 572; and Oslo II (1995),584; an abduction from (1997) 601; efforts to 'depopulate' (1997), 608; houses demolished in (1997), 613; Jewish homes in (1997), 615; Hamas electoral victory in (2006), 639

Eastern Europe: and 'the new reality' (1992), 551

'Easterners': and the 'ethnic devil', 604 Eban, Aubrey (later Abba Eban): and a

'gruesome operation', 145; and the United Nations, 185; and the first hours of statehood, 190-1; and 'the preservation of peace', 215; and refugees, 267; and Chaim Weizmann, 278; and reparations from Germany, 284; and an American loan, 331; and 'the splendour of a youthful dawn', 333; and Israel's links with France, 361; and the road to war in 1967, 367, 368, 369, 370-3, 374, 375-6, 378, 381, 382; and the emergence of Golda Meir as Prime Minister, 407-9; appeals to the Arab States (1970), 411-12; opposes West Bank settlement expansion, 424, 514-5; and a 'dark age', 507

Economic Council: established, to fight inflation, 517

Economic Road Map: launched, 634 Economic Stabilization Plan: and the

battle against inflation, 517-8 Ede, Chuter: and immigration to Britain,

131-2 Eden, Anthony: and Palestine, 89; and

the Patria, 107; and the Suez crisis, 312 Eden Hotel (Jerusalem): 229 Edison Cinema (Jerusalem): 143

727

Israel

Effendi, Yihya: and a friendship, 31 Egypt: and a jewish plan for Sinai, 21;

and the First World War, 31, 36, 37; and a new immigrant, 48; and Jewish immigration to Palestine, 97; and the Second World War, 112; and the Biblical plagues, 116; and the Israeli War of Independence, 136-7; and the ancient 'paths of, 139; an exile in, 154; volunteers in, 162; and the struggle for Palestine (948), 180, 181, 182, 184, 189, 190, 192, 193-4, 196, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 213, 215, 219, 221, 223, 225, 230, 231, 233, 237-9, 240, 242, 243-4, 244-7; signs armistice, 248, 252; and a possible sabotage mission, 254; opposes recognition, 254; and Palestinian Arab refugees, 256, 262; closes Suez Canal, 260; revolution in, 274-5; a double hanging in, 296; and an Israeli reprisal raid, 297--8; and the Soviet Union, 300, 304; and fedayeen raids into Israel, 301-2, 305, 310, 313, 330; immigrants from, 302, 332, 355; and a Czech arms deal, 304, 320; Israeli approaches for negotiations with (956), 307-10; (962), 345--6; and the shelling of Israeli settlements (956), 311 and the Suez crisis (956), 312, 315-9; and the Sinai Campaign, 320--8; and the aftermath of Sinai, 329-31; on full alert (960), 333-4; and the 'liberation of Palestine', 346-7; and the German scientists affair, 349-50; urges moderation (964), 354; and the prelude to war in 1967, 362-3, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369--83; and the Six Day War, 384-5, 388, 390, 391, 393, 394; and the war's aftermath, 401, 402; and Sinai, 406; and the War of Attrition, 410,413,414; and Gaza after 1967, 423; and the alert of May 1973, 423; 'troop exercises' by, 425; and the coming of war in 1973, 427, 428, 431; and the October War, 429, 430, 432-3, 434, 435, 437, 438-9, 441, 445, 448, 449,450,452,453,455,456; and the ending of the October War, 458, 459, 460, 462; and the aftermath of the October War, 465, 476, 481; and the road to peace with Israel, 482-3, 487-90; and the assassination of Sadat, 499; and the Taba dispute, 500; Rabin's appeal to (992), 554; and

'Gaza first' as an option, 563; and terror, 579; and the Amman Economic Conference, 586; and 'the road to peace', 587; and an anti-terrorism conference, 593; returns the body of a fallen soldier, 603; supports Road Map, 627; and the renewed Israeli­Palestinian peace process (2007), 653

Egyptian Frontier Force: and the Sinai campaign, 325

Egyptian-Israel Peace Treaty (979): 310 Egyptian-Jordanian Pact (967): 377 Egyptian National Assembly: Nasser's

address to (967), 376 Egyptian-Syrian Defence Pact: and the

Sinai campaign, 323 Egyptian Third Army: and the October

War, 457 Ehrenburg Ilya: and Israel, 226 Eichmann, Adolf: his capture and trial,

336-7 Eighteenth Zionist Congress (933): 72 Eilat (Gulf of Akaba): 74, 116, 248, 299,

312, 325, 327, 363; and the road to war in 1967, 367--8, 377; and the Gulf War, 546; and the Arava Valley Crossing between Israel and Jordan, 572; Israel-Palestinian negotiations at, 583; a thriving resort, 618; talks at, 622

Eilat (Israeli destroyer): in action, 201, 321; sunk, 401

Eilon: founded, 91; liberated, 237 Eilon Moreh: established, 470, 495 Eilot: founded, 302 Ein Al-Furtaga (Sinai): and the Sinai

campaign, 325 Ein Dor: founded, 205 Ein Gannim: established, 44 Ein Gedi: springs at, 267; a kibbutz

established at, 287; a discovery near, 341

Ein Gev: founded, 87; shelled, 307 Ein Ghazal (Arab village): overrun, 221 Ein Harod: founded, 44; a settlement

established near, 83, 84; a concert at, 143

Ein Ha-Shlosha: bombarded, 311 Ein Hod (abandoned Arab village): an

artists colony founded at, 287 Ein Karim: battle for, 215--6; a medical

campus at, 407 Ein Yahav: founded, 268, 271 Ein Zurim: founded, 114; surrounded,

161-2, 178; captured, 185

728

Index

Einstein, Albert: fundraises, 46; supports a peace movement, 94

Eisen, Wendy: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: 124,

205,291,307,310, 321; a warning from, 326; support from, 371

Eitan, Lieutenant-Colonel Rafael: and the Sinai campaign, 320; and the Lebanon war, 504, 506-7; and Sabra and Chatila, 509

Eker, Rita: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Ekron (airstrip): reinforcements reach,

200 EI AI (Golan Heights): and the October

War, 434 El Al Israel Airlines: an aircraft of, shot

down, 301; a terrorist attack on, 404; Sabbath flights by, opposed, 502-3

El Arab (refugee camp): a youth shot dead in, 558

EI Arish (Sinai): a Jewish plan for, 21; and the War of Independence, 231, 244, 245-6; and the Sinai Campaign, 322, 323, 324; and the Six Day War, 387,388; and the aftermath of the October War, 462; the proposed return of, 488

EI Auja: advance through, 242, 244, 246; withdrawal from, 247

EI David: founded, 506 EI Hadi family: leadership of,

challenged, 48 EI Hadi, Auni Bey Abdul: meets Ben­

Gurion, 74-6; enters a provisional government, 230

EI-Sane, Taib: a Bedouin Member of Knesset, 360

Elazar, David: wounded, 183; and a Syrian threat, 353; and the Six Day War, 390, 391, 392, 393; alleged 'panic' of, 423; and the coming of war in 1973, 428, 430; his instructions (5 October 1973), 431; urges a pre­emptive strike (6 October 1973), 431; mobilization orders of, 431-2; and the course of the October War, 437, 438, 439, 440, 442, 443; removed as Chief of Staff, 465

Elazari-Volcani, Yitzhak: an agricultural pioneer, 44

Eldad, Israel: and the Land of Israel Movement, 400

Election: of a Chief Rabbi, 303 Eleventh Zionist Congress (913): 29

Eliahu Golomb (immigrant ship): 130 Elias, Yakov: his story, 604 Eliash, Mordechai: remembered, 268 Eliav, Arie Lova: and the danger of 'evil

impulses', 529-30; and the 1988 General Election, 531

Elijah: his disciple remembered, 224 Eliot, George: and Jewish national

aspirations, 4 Elisha (organization): 224 Elizabeth, Queen Mother of Belgium:

and a 'foul-up', 333 Elkana: founded, 475; 'huge villas'

offered by, 609 Elon, Amos: and the 'depth and extent'

of sadness, 417-8 Emanuel: ten Jews killed in, 624; nine

Jews killed on way to, 626 Emergency Regulations: and the Israeli

Arabs, 345 Empire Rival (steamship): immigrants

transferred to, 145, 146 Employers' Association: and the battle

against inflation, 517 Emsi (a machine gunner): dies of his

wounds, 232 English Channel: a pioneer killed in, 37 Entebbe (Uganda): a rescue operation

to, 442, 458, 471-3 Epilert: a pioneering medical deVice,

650 Erekat, Saeb: Netanyahu 'feels he can

dictate', 611; denounces the Jenin 'massacre', 625; speaks out against Ahmadinejad, 635

Erez, Colonel Chaim: and the October War, 448, 449; closes West Bank schools, 539

Erez (kibbutz): shelled, 302; an ambush near, 323

Erez crossing point (Gaza Strip): 114, 301; four Israeli soldiers killed at, 627

Esdraelon Valley: see Jezreel Valley Eshbal (Galilee): a new settlement at,

613 Eshed, Hagai: helps Ben-Gurion, 356 Eshkol, Levi: and the War of

Independence, 211; and the 'Lavon Affair', 338, 340; as Prime Minister, 345, 351; and a war crisis (1964), 353-4; and the 'Lavon Affair' repercussions, 357; a French assurance to, 361; and retaliation, 363;

729

Israel

Eshkol, Levi (continued) and the coming of war (in 1967), 366, 367, 368, 369, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382; agrees to a pre-emptive attack, 383; and the Six Day War, 387, 388, 391, 396; and the return of Jews to Hebron, 405; and American military aid, 407; dies, 408

Eshkol-Johnson Agreement (1968): 407 Eskin, Avigdor: curses Rabin, 584-5 Estonia: the President of, at Rabin's

funeral, 589 Ethiopia (Abyssinia): Jews expelled to,

118; Jewish immigrants from, 303, 484, 497-8, 537, 544, 545, 555, 604, 650; Israeli help for, 332; an assassination attempt in, 589

Ettinger, Jacob (Akiva): and Jewish land settlement in Palestine, 21, 45, 54

Etzion (Sinai): air base at, 492 Etzion bloc (settlements): attacked and

besieged, 156, 158, 161-2, 162; the battle for, 178, 181, 182-3; fighting near, 234; and the village of Husan, 314; and the future of the West Bank, 406; expansion of (1997), 616

European Community: and Rabin's second premiership (1992-5), 554, 556; for subsequent index entries see European Union

European Union: and the 'Mediterranean area', 580; and the Palestinian Authority, 638, 647

Even, Colonel Jackie: and the October War, 453

Even Yehuda: terrorist killings at, 314-5 Evian Conference (1938): and the

refugee crisis, 95 Evron, Ephraim: his questions, 480 Executive Force (Hamas): 644 Exodus (from Egypt): recalled, 3, 167,

342 Exodus 1947 (refugee ship): 145, 209 Extraordinary Zionist Conference (1942):

112 Eytan (Sinai): air base at, 492 Eytan, Walter: an eye-witness, 164; and

the decision to declare independence, 186; and the name 'Israel', 187-8; negotiates, 253-4; and the Israel Foreign Ministry 269-70; and Israel in Asia, 288; and 'peace ... around the corner' (968), 401-2; and Israel as an occupying power, 402-3, 418-9; and

Israel '25 years old', 421-2; and Israel approaching fifty, 617

Fairbanks (California): aircraft rebuilt at, 273

Falasha community (Ethiopian Jews): 303

Falouji, Imad: 621 Faluja (Arab village): battle for, 220, 232 'Faluja Pocket': battle for, 232-3, 237-9,

240, 244, 246 Farhi, Shoshana Mizrachi: killed, 155 Farouk, King (of Egypt): deposed, 274 Fatah (Movement for the National

Liberation of Palestine): founded, 354; attacks across the Israeli border by, 354, 356, 361-2; and a Soviet call for restraint, 365; renewed cross­border attacks by, 366; incredulous, 404; and the October War, 454-5, 458; and the United Nations, 467; and a hijacking, 472; and a murder, 541; and Hamas, 630, 644, 644-5, 647; supports 'two-State' solution, 638; prisoners from, released, 647; and the death of an Israeli settler, 654-5

'Fatahland' (southern Lebanon): shelling from, 455; invaded, 490

'Father of the Nation': 293 Fayyad, Salam: becomes Prime Minisiter

of Palestiniain Authority, 647 Feinsod, Chassiya: a kingergarten

pioneer, 28; and her first son, 33 Feinstein, Meir: commits suicide, 143 Feisal, King (of Saudi Arabia): and the

October War, 451 Feller, Ron: his bravery in action, 220 Fels, Samuel S.: a patron, 26 Feuerring, Yitzhak: remembered, 102 Fifteenth Zionist Congress (1927): 51 Fifth Columnists: feared, 255 Fifth Zionist Congress (1901): 19 Fighters' List (political Party): 250 Filosof, Dalia: and her father, 566 Final Status Agreement: 621,626,638,

652 'Finger of Galilee' (Galilee Panhandle):

174, 208, 237 Finland: volunteers from, 201; Soviet

Jews in transit through, 536-7 First Aliyah: 5, 22 First World War: and Palestine, 30-5,

36-7; and Gaza, 324; and a 1990s dispute, 612

730

Index

First Zionist Congress (1897): 13-4, 17, 20, 164, 187, 603, 612

Fischer, Jean: remembered, 69 Fischer, Maurice: a founder, 69 Fishman, Rabbi J.L.: and non-kosher

meat, 247-8 Fistenberg, Ephraim: murdered, with ten

others, 294 Florence (Italy): an Israeli-Palestinian

initiative in, 634 Florida (USA): Golda Meir meets

Kennedy in, 347-8; a Jew from, purchases homes in East Jerusalem, 615

football: and a youth initiative, 645 'Force Zwicka': on the Golan Heights

(1973),434 Ford, President Gerald F.: declares a

'reassessment', 468 Foreign Affairs and Security Committee

(of the Knesset): 338, 423, 464 Former Soviet Union (FSU): Gaza

exports to, 633 'Fosh' (field companies): 85 The Foundations of the Nineteenth

Century (Houston Stewart Chamberlain): 18

Fourteenth Zionist Congress (1925): 51 Fourth Commandment, the: cited in

debate, 502 France: anti-Semitism in, 10; the 'lure'

of, 24; immigrants from, 43; and Arab national aspirations, 75; and Jewish national aspirations, 147; favours a Jewish State, 150; and the Mufti, 152; and the Altalena, 210; volunteers from, 233; supports reparations, 279; arms supplies from, 300, 365; and the Suez crisis, 312-3, 315-6; and the Suez war, 326,331; 'edging away from us', 350; and questions about Israel's links With, 361; and the road to war in 1967, 367, 368-9; and Resolution 242, 399; its arms embargo, 407; and the October War, 447; opposes 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467; supplies uranium to Iraq, 498; a nuclear power, 522; and the London Agreement, 523; Gaza exports to, 633

Francis Joseph, Emperor (of Austria): and a child prodigy, 79

Frankfurter, Justice Felix: and 'the glory of the Lord', 191

Frankman, Yeshayahu: murdered, 289

Frankman, Zipporah: injured, 289 Free Port (Haifa): in prospect, 151 Freidberg, Yehoshua: shot dead, 562 Freij, Elias: and a dialogue, 540 Freiman, Sam: a volunteer, 235 Freier, Recha: and Youth Aliyah, 69 Fremd, Simha: killed, 614 French Hill Oerusalem): and the Six Day

War, 386; and the intifada, 540 French Zone of Occupation (Germany):

and Palestine certificates, 249 Friedman-Yellin, Nathan: his promise,

119; imprisoned, 228; enters Parliament, 250

Friends of the Hebrew University: their munificence, 407

Frisch, Omri: and 'a jungle with its own laws', 538-9

Ga'aton: founded, 231 Gadaffi, Colonel: 'terrorist squads' of,

reported, 426; and the October War, 458

Gadna (youth battalions): 151 Gadot: an artillery barrage against, 365;

and Nasser's conclusions, 368 Gahal (immigrant recruits): 202, 233,

244 Gahal bloc: formation of, 343; electoral

success of, 359; rejects giving up any part of Sinai, 414-5

Galata (refugee ship): 145 Galicia: immigrants from, 90, 91; a

Nobel Prizewinner from, 360 Galilee: to be liberated, 35, 36; and

Jewish self-defence, 47, 53; the struggle for (1947-8), 174-5, 177-8, 210, 220, 235, 249; jewish settlements in, after 1948, 263, 264; Arabs in, 344, 471; a new settlement in, 613; a model village in, 617; microcredit schemes in, 646

Galilee Panhandle: see Upper Galilee Galilee, Sea of: 3, 40, 68, 87, 88, 91, 96,

97, 192, 291, 305; fighting on (1966), 362; tourism at (after 1967), 419; and the October War, 434; and the Israeli­Jordan peace treaty, 573, 576

Galili, Israel: his prediction, 151-2; questioned, 181; and the premiership succession (1969),409; and Labour Party unity (1973), 424

Galili Document (1973): and West Bank settlements, 424

731

Israel

Galinka, Colonel Shmuel: killed in action, 322

Galinkin, Mordechai: and the National Opera, 170

Gallipoli Peninsula: Zionists in action on, 31-2

Gal-On: founded, 137; attack on, repulsed, 219

Galuth (Exile): 47, 48 Gamla Rise (Golan Heights): fighting

near, 434 Gan Or (Gaza Strip): a killing in, 562 GanneiYehudah: founded, 268 Gaon of Vilna: followers of, reach

Palestine, 3 Gat: founded, 113 Gath (a Philistine city): 296 Gavish, Brigadier-General Yeshayahu:

and the 1967 war-plan, 380 Gavison, Ruth: and a 'double standard

in human rights thinking', 608-9 Gaza City (Gaza Strip): Jewish

settlements near, 112, 114, 136; Egyptian troops advance towards, 199; an All-Palestine Government in, 230, 241; an Israeli plan to capture, 231, 232, 242-4; reinforcements from, 239; killings in, 426, 524, 558, 560, 581; the Palestinian flag raised over, 571; negotiations for Oslo II in, 581-2; 'The Engineer' assassinated in, 592; and a condolence call, 592-3

Gaza Strip: Jews detained in, 133-4; and a jewish settlement (Kfar Darom), 136-7; and the Israeli War of Independence, 244, 246; Palestinian refugees in, 255, 256; a kibbutz established near, 272; a 'danger to Israel' from, 275; an infiltrator from, 289; 'intense alarm and unrest in', 290; reprisal actions in, 297-9, 301-2; impossibility of 'restraint' in, 307; intensification of conflict around, 311; and the Sinai campaign, 322, 324, 327, 329-30; and the Palestinian Arab refugees, 329-30; and a warning, 334; the PLO in, 352; and the Bedouin, 359; and the war crisis of 1967, 366, 367, 380; and the Six Day War, 387; under Israeli occupation, 396, 397, 402-3, 412, 421-2, 423, 424; Israeli settlement in, 469, 475, 496, 513, 514-5, 571 future of, and a new Israeli political Party, 478; future of (2000), 621;

Begin's proposal for, 481; not to affect an Israeli-Egyptian treaty, 483; and Camp David, 491-2; and the final obstacle to a peace treaty, 495; and the Reagan Plan (1982), 508; and the intifada (uprising), 525-7, 537, 538-42; and an Israeli proposal (1989), 537-8; and an American proposal, 543; and an Iraqi proposal, 546; Rabin's proposal for (1992), 552; Rabin's appeal to (1992), 553; and the continuing intifada (1993), 560, 561-2; and 'Gaza first' 562, 563; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 565, 566, 568, 569; Israeli troops withdraw from (1994), 571; 'a safe haven for terrorists', 574; the 'closure' of, 575-6; Rabin's hopes for, 578, 580; the search for terrorists in, 579, 580; and autonomy, 583; continued closures of, 613; Jewish celebrations in, 613; continued occupation of, 620; deaths in, 621-2, 627; and Hamas, 630; withdrawal of Israeli settlements from, 631-2, 635; continued acts of terror in, 632; Israeli support for agriculture in, 633; Israeli armed incursions into, 634, 639; rockets fired into Israel from, 635, 655; Hamas electoral success in, 638; Hamas-Fatah fighting in, 638, 639, 644, 647; gunmen from, kidnap two Israeli soldiers, 639; Israeli military action in, 640, 645, 649; arms smuggling into, 642; continued Hamas control in, 649, 655

'Gaza first': a negotiation option (1993), 559, 562

'Gaza and Jericho first': a further possible option, 563

Gaza-Beersheba road: a new settlement near, 114

Gaza-Maidal road: an 'obstacle' on, 194 Gaza-Rafa road: fighting for, 243-4 Gazit, General Shlomo: and Hebron,

405 Gedaliah, Lieutenant-Colonel David:

receives an Intelligence evaluation, 430

Gebel Abu-Ghneim: see Har Homa Gederah: founded, 8; recalled, 72 Gedud Ha-Avodah (The Labour Legion):

44 Gellman, Barton: and Netanyahu's

motivation, 611

732

Index

Gelman (a carpentry teacher): and a romance, 95

General Assembly (of the United Nations): 150, 153, 185, 208, 255, 324-5, 327, 330, 403, 467; condemns Zionism as 'racism', 467-8

General Federation of Jewish Labour: see index entry Histadrut

General Staff Headquarters (Ramat Gan): 195

General Zionists: their electoral success, 275; and reparations, 280, 282; and the 1955 election, 301; transformed into the Liberal Party, 343

Genesis, Book of: and a Jewish village, 9

Geneva (Switzerland): 20, 99, 270, 468 Geneva, Lake (Lake Leman): 95 Geneva Agreement (4 September 1975):

signed between Israel and Egypt, 468 Geneva Airport: and a Middle East

parallel, 580 Geneva Convention (Fourth): alleged

violation of, 533; and democracy, 608 Geneva Peace Conference (1973): and a

'just and durable peace', 462-3, 463-4; the revival of, proposed (1977), 483

Georgia: Jews from, in Palestine 23; go to Israel, 537, 575; the President of, at Rabin's funeral, 589

Ger, Rabbi of: reaches Palestine, 277 Germany: and the Jewish National

Fund, 19; and the lure of, 24; and the First World War, 30; Jews from, in Palestine, 55, 71, 72, 76, 78-80, 90; and the growing pressure of emigration from, 91, 93, 95, 97; and the Second World War, 100, 113, 117; and the postwar world, 123, 124, 126, 128, 136, 147; Jews from, 183, 196, 205, 258; a sabotage expert from, 220, 236; reparations from, 279-85; and the Eichmann Trial, 336-7; arms sales to, 349-50; the 1940--45 bombing of, recalled, 410; Gaza exports to, 633

German Federal Republic: see West Germany

German prisoners-of-war: volunteer, 162 German scientists: and an Israeli

political scandal, 349-50 Germont (in La Traviata): 352 Gesher (River Jordan): occupied, 176;

fighting near, 191-2, 193 Gesher Ha-Ziv: founded, 249

Gestapo: extension of rule of, 138 Gettysburg (Pennsylvania): a visit to,

371 Geva, Colonel Eli: protests, 506-7 Gezer: captured, 184 Ghana: and Israel, 332 Ghazal, Mahmoud, Sara and Yehiya:

killed,649 Gheit, Ahmed Abdoul: in Jerusalem for

talks, 648, 653 'Ghetto State': to be avoided, 609 Ghor Canal Qordan): and a

compromise, 291 Gibli, Benjamin: and the 'Lavon Affair',

296-7, 337; and the Sinai campaign, 322

Gibraltar: an early patron from, 6 Gideon: recalled, 44, 78 Gidi Pass (Sinai): and the Six Day War,

387; and the October War, 433, 437, 443; and the aftermath of the October War, 462, 468, 469; and the Israeli­Egyptian peace negotiations, 489, 492

Gil: a new political Party (2006), 639 Gilboa, Mount: land purchased at foot

of,44 Gilboa Regional Council: and a cross-

community cooperative venture, 651 Gilead, Land of: and a new kibbutz, 96 Ginbar, Yuval: and right and wrong, 560 Ginossar: a wartime briefing at, 453-4 Ginz, Petr: ,a pencil sketch by, in

space, 628 Ginzburg, Rabbi Yitzhak: and an alleged

'travesty of justice', 539 Givat Ram Qerusalem): a military tattoo

on, 366; a university campus on, 407; a murder near, 541

Glubb, Sir John (Glubb Pasha): commands Arab Legion, 157, 199, 218, 239

Gneim, Abed aI-Mufti: his act of terror, 541

Golan, Nahum; recalls a battle, 243 Golan Heights: Jewish land purchase on

(before 1914), 19; an attack from, 192; life below, 312, 333; and the execution of a spy, 356; fortified, 362; firing from, 365; and the eve of war (1967), 381; and the Six Day War, 358, 384, 387,391, 392-3, 395; and Dayan's 'view of the map', 405; to be retained, under the Allon Plan, 406; and 'Black September', 417;

733

Israel

Golan Heighte (continued) and the Galilee settlements, 419; and the coming of war in 1973, 427; fighting on (October 1973), 433-4, 435, 436, 438, 440, 441, 443-5, 449, 452, 454, 455, 456-7, 458; war dead on, 459; and the aftermath of the October War, 462, 464, 466, 476, 483; extension of settlements on (1982), 500-1; possible negotiations concerning (after Oslo), 568, 593, 607; a hero of the fighting on, joins coalition (1996), 595; 'we are guarding' (Netanyahu), 602; an offer to 'pick blueberries' on, 609; a survivor of the fighting on, killed by a suicide bomb, 614

Golden Book: and Zionist fundraising, 19

Goldfarb, Alex: changes sides, 585 'Goldfarb's Mitsubishi': and Oslo II, 586 Goldie, Colonel: negotiates, 180 Goldman, Moshe: killed, 155 Goldman, Nahum: and reparations, 279,

283, 284 Goldschmidt, Dr Wilhelm: killed, 135 Goldstein, Baruch: kills twenty-nine

Arabs, 569 Goldwasser, Ohad: kidnapped, 640 Goliath: and a new kibbutz, 44 Golomb, Eliahu: and Jewish self-

defence, 30-1; and 'Jewish Nazism', 118; negotiates, 119; and Hagannah strategy, 166

Gondar (Ethiopia): immigrants from, 555

Gonen, General Shmuel: and a warning, 424; removed from active duty, 464

Good Fence (Israeli-Lebanese border): opened, 471

Gorbachev, Mikhail: and a Middle East proposal, 546; and the Madrid Conference, 548

Gordis, Aviv: and an Israeli-Palestinian initiative, 633

Gordon, A.D.: and agricultural labour, 23; dies, 50; remembered, 71

Gordonia movement: 71,90 Goren, General Shlomo: and his

trumpet, 386; and Sabbath rules in wartime, 442

Gorky, Maxim: helps, 50-1 Gort, Lord: and 'Jewish migration', 119 Gotham Pub Qerusalem): attacked, 605

Government House Qerusalem): captured (1967),386; returned to the United Nations, 400, 404; and a cease­fire, 459

Government Press Office: and the Altalena, 211

Graeco-Turkish population exchange (1922): 267

'Grand Mufti': see al-Husseini, Haj Amin Grassley, Senator Charles E.: and the

destination of Soviet Jews, 535 Great Convention (1903): and the

Hebrew language, 23-4 Great Crater (Negev): 273 Greater Israel Movement: its goal, 530; a

supporter of, remains in the Cabinet, 545

Grechko, Marshal: visits Nasser, 373 Greece: 50, 98, 101, 119, 127, 142, 150,

269; Israel sends fire fighters to, 650 Green Island (Gulf of Suez): a soldier

killed on, 84 'Green Line' (1949-67 ceasefire lines):

205 n.l, 493, 496; and Soviet Jews, 536; and a 'Ghetto State', 609; a new settlement near, 613; and a future Palestinian State, 622; and 'the Wall', 631

Green Patrol, the: and the Bedouin, 360 Greifer, Nan: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Gress, Jules: killed, 135 Gringold, Lieutenant Zwicka: on the

Golan Heights (1973), 433-4 Gromyko, Andrei: supports Jewish

statehood, 150; recalled, 310 Grossman, David: international status of,

617 Grossman, Lieutenant Zvi: killed during

a commando raid, 614 Gross National Product: and the

October War, 460 Gruen, David: see Ben-Gurion, David Gruen, Rivka: discouraged, 46 Gruenbaum, Yitzhak: remembered, 234 Gruenwald, Malkiel: his accusation, 303;

his trail for slander, 303-4 Grundland, Eitan: killed, 547 Gruner, Dov: executed, 143 Grunzweig, Emil: killed, 511;

remembered, 604 Guardian (refugee ship): 145 Guatemala: 149, 185, 190 Gudemann, Chief Rabbi Moritz: favours

Jewish dispersal, 12

734

Index

A Guest for the Night (Agnon): 360 'Guidelines for a Regional Marshall Plan':

drawn up (1993), 561 Gulf States: and the Palestinians, 580 Gur, Efraim: changes sides, 544 Gur, Major (later General) Mordechai:

and a reprisal action, 315; and the Sinai Campaign, 321; and (when a General) the Six Day War, 390, 395; too 'British', 397; and the Entebbe rescue, 472; a controversial interview by, 488

Guri, Chaim: 'How many more graves .. . are needed', 417

Gurney, Henry: and a hunger strike, 130 Gush Emunim (religious bloc): gains in

power, 404; active on the West Bank, 469-70,495; and Camp David, 494

Gush Halav: a historic defence of, 235 Gush Katif (Gaza Strip): a celebration

in, 613 Gustav VI, King of Sweden: and a

Nobel prizewinner from Galicia, 360-1 Gutmacher, Rabbi Elijah: remembered,

98 Gutman, Shmarya: and an expedition,

116; a witness to the Arab exodus, 218

H3: an airbase at, destroyed (1967), 385; Scud missile launching sites near (1991),547

Haan, Israel de: assassinated, 52-3 Ha-Aretz (newspaper): and a 'criminal

gamble', 94; and Arab youth, 292; and the Lebanon War, 512; a warning, and an appeal in, 584; and the debate over Southern Lebanon, 599-600

Habad (Hasidim): and the 1996 General Election, 594

Haber, Eitan: his caution, 582 Habib, Philip: his good offices, 508 Habima Theatre (Tel Aviv): and a flight

to Moscow, 536 Habonim (youth movement): 114, 210 Hacohen, David: his career, 270, 288 Hadassah Clinic (Hebron): 495 Hadassah Hospital (Ein Karem): 407;

two murders near, 627; an Israeli -Palestinian initiative at, 634

Hadassah Hospital (Kiryat Ha-Yovel branch): 606-7

Hadassah Hospital (Mount Scopus): 155, 156, 170, 249,

Hadassah Hospital (Tel Aviv): 100

Hadassah (hospitals and clinics): 151 Hadassah Medical Organization: 170 Hadassah Organization of America: 97,

234 Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization

of America: 28, 69 Hadera: founded, 9; protected, 27; a

suicide bomb slaughter in, 569, 575 Hadid: see al-Haditha al-Haditha (Arab village): Yemenite

Jews settle in, 272 Hafez, Major Mustafa: and an Israeli

reprisal action, 289-90 Haganah: established, 47; purchases

weapons, 49; and an assassination, 53; and the 1929 riots, 60; and arms supplies, 77; and the riots of 1936, 80-1; training of, 85; defence activity by, 86, 93; an oath of allegiance to, 94-5; and illegal immigration, 96, 105, 130, 145; and the Second World War, 101-2, 103, 110-11, 111; denounces terror, 118, 157; works with Irgun and Stern Gangs, 132, 137; ends agreement with Irgun, 135; and Ben-Gurion, 143-4, 149, 151; its confidence, 148; and the struggle in Palestine (November 1947 to May 1948), 151, 155-9, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168,169,171-2,173,174,175,176, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184; and the War of Independence, 190, 191, 192, 194, 196, 197, 199, 202, 205, 209, 216 renews agreement with Irgun, 175-6;

The Hague: 34 Haidarpasha railway station (Istanbul):

115 Haifa: a Jewish hospital in (1911), 28; a

kibbutz established near (1922), 50; and the Jezreel Valley, 54-5; and 'gangs of criminals', 61; an American immigrant in, 67; Jews murdered in (1938),94; an internment camp near, 101; a death in, 126; sabotage in, 132; 'illegal' immigrants at, 145; a Free Port to be opened at, 151; a Jew murdered on the way from, 157; Jewish terrorist attacks near, 158; an Arab act of terror in, using foreign volunteers, 162; battle for, 172-3; and Britain, 176, 191, 199; and the War of Independence, 208; arms supplies reach, 225; a parade in, 240-1; refugees reach, 247;

735

Israel

Haifa (continued) a frigate reaches, 254; Jews and Arabs live in, 266; harbour of, enlarged, 284; immigrants in, 288; arms reach (1956), 315; bombarded (1956), 321; Jewish settlers from, 343; Arabs in, 344; Dayan speaks about the West Bank in, 405; and the October War, 456; a funeral in, 511; Scud missiles hit, 547; rockets hit (2006), 640

Haifa Bay: 76, 90, 91 Haifa-Damascus railway: 54, 176 Haifa High School: the fate of a pupil

from, 126 Haifa-Nazareth road: 91, 221 Haifa-Tel Aviv road: 167, 221; terrorism

on, 490 Hakibbutz Hadati (movement): 56 Hakibbutz Hameuhad (movement):

splits, 273 Hakim, Eliahu: an assassin, 118 Halevi, Chief Rabbi Chaim David: 'we

will stay', 574 Halevi, Judge Benjamin: and the

'Kastner' trial, 304 Halifax, Lord: and the 'Muslim world',

104 Halsa: an ancient city, 242, 244 Halutz, General Dan: and the Hizballah­

Israel War (2006), 641, 646 Hamas: founded (1988), 528; its

covenant, 530; gains in reputation, 557; a kidnapping and killing by, 558; members of, deported, 558, 560; murders by, 561; oppose Oslo, 566, 569; detonates 'suicide' bombs, 569; a kidnap by, 573; and the Likud opposition, 574; and poverty, 578; and an accidental explosion, 581; and renewed suicide bombs, 592, 593; a leader of, returns to Gaza, 617; seeks to sabotage Road Map, 627; announces truce, 628; and Fatah, 630; adopts ceasefire, 635; opposes 'Zionist entity', 637-8; electoral victory of, 638; rejects a proposal from Abbas, 639; fires rockets into Israel, 639; and arms smuggling into Gaza, 642; struggles against Farah, 644, 644-5, 647; its continued control of Gaza, 649

Hamashbir (consumers' co-operative): 26, 52

Hamburg ( Germany): 146 Hamburger, Joseph: escorts Colonel

Marcus's body, 209 Hamma, Ahmed Amin: killed, 157 Hammer, Zvulun: enters government,

532 Hammerskj61d, Dag: and the fedayeen

raids (in 1956), 310; and the Sinai campaign, 324

al-Hanbali, Mahdi: kidnapped,644 Hanegbi, Tsachi: and a political scandal,

602 Hanita: founded, 92-3; and a Palmach

operation, 110-11 Haniyeh, Ismail: Prime Minister of the

Palestinian Authority (2006), 638, 639; survives an assassination attempt, 644; 'victory or martyrdom', 645; his home attacked, 647; retains power in Gaza, 647

Hanukkah (festival of): an artillery bombardment during, 306; recollections during, 520

Hapoel (sports organization): 52 Hapoel Hamizrachi (political Party): 282 Hapoel Te Aviv (football team): helps

Palestinian children, 645 Har Even, Aluf: and the Soviets in the

Middle East, 449-51 Har Homa: building proposals for, and

a crisis, 600-1, 602; construction on, to continue, 609; and 'unacceptable terms', 611; a plea to stop building on, 616

Haran, Semadar: her ordeal, recalled, 564-5

Harel Brigade (of the Palmach): 173, 188, 196

Harel, Iser: sacked, 350 Harkabi, Yehoshafat: negotiates, 253;

dismissed, 333; his great fear, 569 Harman, Avraham: xii; and the Dead

Sea scrolls, 295; and the road to war in 1967, 371, 377, 381-2; and the Hebrew University, 407; and Soviet Jews, 536

Harman, Danna: and 'the latest act in a drama', 616

Harman, David: and the aftermath of the October War, 466-7

Harrison, Earl G.: his report, 123 Hartuv Oewish settlement): recaptured

(1948), 221 Harvard University: and the Israel

Museum, 355 Hashemiyya Palace (Amman): a

working session in, 573

736

Index

Ha-Shimshoni, Zion: leads the Scouts, 68

Ha-Shomer (self-defence organization): 23,27,30,32,47

Ha-Shomer Ha'tzair: its programme, 62 Hasidism: after the Holocaust, 289; a

centre of, in Israel, 305; music of, 403 Hasmonaeans: recalled, 122 Hasneh (insurance company): 52 Hasson, Ayala: launches a political

scandal, 601 Hassan, Crown Prince (of Jordan): and

the Jordanian peace treaty with Israel, 572

Hassan, King (of Morocco): and the October War, 437-8; and the road to an Israeli-Egyptian peace, 482; and the Casablanca economic conference, 576, 577; and a secret visit from Rabin, recalled, 577

Hatikvah: 7, 100, 186, 281; at the White House, 416

Hatikvah Quarter (Tel Aviv): 155 Hatzar Adar: settlers in, removed by

force, 499 Hatzofeh (newspaper): and a political

crisis, 474 Havel, Vaclav: in Jerusalem, 545 Haviv, Avshalom: executed, 148 Haviv, Moshe: and a new political Party,

358; his death in action, 358-9 Hawaii: arms purchased in, 225 Hayarkon Street (Tel Aviv): a battle in

sight of, 203 Hazan, Yaakov: and reparations, 280 Hazbani River: and a war crisis, 353 Hazit Ha-Am (newspaper): attacks the

Labour movement, 72 Hazor: an immigrant village founded

near, 287-8 Hazar Ha-Gelilit: founded, 287-8 Ha-Zorea: founded, 79; a museum in, 80 Heath, Edward: and the October War,

448 Heaven: and Hell, 81; and the Jezreel

Valley, 143 Hebrew Gymnasium Qaffa): 39 Hebrew language: to be a spoken

language, 8-9, 19, 23-4, 72, 187, 287; the primacy of, in Palestine, 27, 29, 40; at the Paris Peace Conference, 41-2; recognized by the Mandate, 48; and Bialik, 50-1; on Cyprus, 165; and the opera Thais, 170; and statehood, 187;

and the battle of Latrun, 197; and the death of Colonel Marcus, 209; and new immigrants, 275; and a Language Academy, 299-300; the 'universalist associations' of, 335; in Jaffa, 350; at the opera, 352; and a Nobel Prize, 360; and music, 403; and the 'Oriental' Jews, 420; a unifying element, 520; and Soviet Jewry, 521

Hebrew National Opera: see National Opera (Tel Aviv)

Hebrew Patriarchs: 397,422 Hebrew Prophets: their 'universalistic

nationalism', 335; the descendants of, 421; Chaim Herzog echoes, 598-9

'Hebrew Spirit': 40 Hebrew Teachers' Federation in Palestine:

24 Hebrew University: in prospect, 20, 29,

35, 85; foundation stones of, laid, 39-40; its early years, 53-4, 57, 79; isolated, 249; opens doors to Israeli Arab students, 292; and a military tattoo (1967), 366; after the Six Day War, 394, 407; a professor of, and human rights, 533; and the tradition of 'national revival', 534; a Professor of, murdered, 541; a doctoral student at, on Memorial Day, 603; a professor of, and Palestinian rights in Jerusalem, 608

Hebrew Writers' Association: 79 Hebron Agreement (17 January 1997):

597-8 Hebron: violence in (1929), 60; and the

Etzion bloc settlements (1948), 161-2; the Mayor of, and Transjordan, 241; and an Israeli reprisal action near, 363; the Patriarchs buried at, 397; return of Jews to (after 1967), 404-5, 495; and Dayan's 'view of the map', 405-6; tourism in, 420; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; and a tear-gas attack near, 503; and the Kach political Party's racism, 516; and Islamic Jihad, 530; and an appeal by Rabin, 553; a stone thrower shot dead in, 558; another shooting near, 558; the killing of twenty-nine Arabs in, 569; a United Nations presence in, 571; and Oslo II, 581, 582-3, 583-4; and the impact of terror, 593; withdrawal from, delayed, 595, 596; withdrawal from, agreed, 597-8, 611; and an Israeli political scandal, 601; and a court martial, 648

737

Israel

Hebron Hills: a Jewish presence in, 114, 161; Arab refugees flee to, 184, 232; fighting near, 234; reinforcements from, 239; Egyptian troops in, 244-5, 253; land reclamation west of, 331

Hedjaz (Saudi Arabia): 61, 119 Hell: and Heaven, 81 Helsinki Summit (990): and the

Occupied Territories and southern Lebanon, 546

Henderson, Arthur: receives a warning, 65

Heritage: Civilization and the Jews (Abba Eban): 515

'Hero of Israel' (medal for bravery): see Ot Hagvurah

Herodion: a murder at, 506 Herut (political Party): and the 1949

General Election, 250-1; and the 1951 General Election, 275; opposes reparations from Germany, 279, 283; and the 1955 General Election, 300; and the 'Kastner' trial, 304; opposes Sinai withdrawal (1956),327; electoral gains of (1961), 339; and a merger, 343; and the coming of war in 1967, 369, 380; and the Land of Israel Movement, 400; and the October War, 458; and the future of the West Bank, 482; and Camp David, 493, 494; settlements of, 497

Herzl, Theodor: and the foundations of political Zionism, 9-15; and the growth of political Zionism, 16-17, 19-22, 28; and the British Mandate, 42; and the Peel Commission, 88; and the Revisionists, 91-2; and the 22nd Zionist Congress, 138; and the Law of Return, 270; and the great-grandson of his invitee, 603

Herzliya: founded, 44; a farm near, 69; a terrorist action near, 490

'Herzliya': a name proposed, 187 Herzliya Gymnasium (Tel Aviv): 28,43 Herzliya Security Conference: Ehud

Olmert explains his vision to, 637; Amir Peretz defends Israeli 'moral codes' at, 643

Herzog, Chaim: an eye-witness, 164-5; and a British threat, 178; and the War of Independence, 206; and the 'Burma Road', 207-8; and the death of Colonel Marcus, 209; and the partition of Jerusalem, 241, 299; and mass

immigration, 262; and 'normalcy', 265; and Israel Aircraft Industries, 274; and Ben-Gurion, 294; and the Sinai campaign, 320, 323, 325; and Ariel Sharon, 321-2; and a summons, 326-7; and a 'foul-up', 333-4; and an alert, 334; and electoral reform, 344; and his Jordanian opposite number, 347; and a new political Party, 357, 358, 359; his daily commentaries (1967), 376, 380-1; and the occupied West Bank, 396, 398; and the October War (1973), 432, 432-3, 433, 437, 440, 441-2, 446-7, 458,459; tears up 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468; voices his fears (1988), 528-9; and the political crisis of 1990, 545; and 'the fires of destruction' (1997), 598-9

Herzog, Joel: born, 265 Herzog, Yaakov: and secret talks, 308,

347 Herzog, Chief Rabbi Yitzhak: his son's

warning, 598 Hess, Moses: on man, nationalism and

the soil, 4 Hever Hakvutzot (collective association):

56 Heykal, Mohammed: 'Let Israel begin',

373-4 Hilawi, Colonel Rafiq: humiliated, and

shot, 441; news of his death reaches a Druse village, 454

Hill 86: attack on, 243 Hill 318: battle for, 222 Hill, Sir John Gray: his house and a

university, 29, 35 Hill of Peace: schoolgirls shot dead at

(1997),600 Hillel, Shlomo: and Jewish immigration

from Iraq, 257; votes against Camp David, 493

Hilton Hotel (Jerusalem): negotiations in, 490

Himalayas: a honeymoon at, disrupted, 434

Himmler, Heinrich: a letter to, 117 Hiram, King of Tyre: 235 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de: his

philanthropy, 13; criticized, 21 Hirschfeld, Dr Yair: and the Oslo talks

(1993),559 Hirschson, Avraham: charges against,

643 Histadrut (General Federation of Jewish

738

Index

Labour): 46-7,47, 51, 52, 55,94, 118, 129, 164, 203, 337, 338; its political critics, 343; its retreat from power, 404; and the battle against inflation, 517, 518

Hitler, Adolf: 18, 71, 93, 98, 99, 101, 102, 111, 113, 128, 144, 147, 152,280, 325, 569

Hittites: 113 Hizballah: active in southern Lebanon,

530, 606, 625; a leader of, abducted, 542; an unsuccessful attack on, 614; deaths from, 620; initiates war with Israel, 639-42; and the aftermath of war, 645-6

Ho Chi Minh: and Ben-Gurion, 134 Hochman, Peretz: his story, 603 Hochman, Yitzhak: killed, 177 Hod, General Mordechai: and the Six

Day War, 384 Hofi, General Yitzhak: and the October

War, 427 Holiday and Vacation Village (Ashkelon):

290 Holocaust: ix, 50, 116, 120, 130;

survivors of, 138, 140, 142, 145, 151, 157,196,197,247,258; and the destruction of a heartland, 277; and reparations, 280, 285; and a memorial institution (Yad Vashem) in Jerusalem, 288-9; and a trial for slander, 303-4; and the Eichmann Trial, 337; and 'our faith', 347-8; memories of, 'flowed into our room' (1967), 369; a survivor of, killed in a PLO mortar attack, 486; images of, invoked (1982), 511; a survivor of, and human rights in Israel, 533; and an annual pilgrimage, 557; and a visit to Belarus, 557; images of, recalled (1993), 564-5; a survivor of, killed by a suicide bomber (1994), 574; a survivor of, denounces 'an abomination', 605; survivors of, killed by suicide bombs, 614

Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority: see Yad Vashem

Holocaust Memorial Day: 520 Holocaust Remembrance Day: and an

incident in the army, 501; subsequently known as Holocaust Memorial Day

Holon: an imaginary Fatah attack near, 404

Holst, Johann Jurgen: and Israeli-PLO talks (1993), 561; and the Oslo Accords, 564; and the Declaration of Principles, 575

Holst, Marianne: in Oslo, 561 Holy Places (Hebron): 569, 583-4 Holy Places Qerusalem): 150, 274, 496 Holy War: and suicide bombers, 569,

624; a call for, in Johannesburg, 571 Holzman, Arthur: and a concert in the

Jezreel Valley, 143 Holzmann, S.J.: his vision, 114 Horev (military operation): 242 Hos, Dov: and Jewish self-defence,

30--1; and Jewish labour, 51-2; a pioneer aviator, 102; remembered, 112

Hos, Rivkah: killed in a car crash, 112 Hos, Tirzah: killed in a car crash, 112 Hotel des Roses (Rhodes): agreement

signed at, 254 Hotline: a human rights organization,

established, 533 House of Commons (London): debates

in, 81, 98, 117, 118, 132, 136, 154 Hovevei Zion: see Lovers of Zion Huberman, Bronislaw: a prodigy, 79 Hulda: founded, 25; defended, 60;

destroyed,61-2 Huleh basin (Upper Galilee): 77,96,

102, 113, 177, 178 Huleikat (Arab village): captured, 184;

battle for, 232 Human Rights Watch: and the Jenin

'massacre' (2002), 625; condemns Hizballah's shelling of Israeli civilians (2006), 642; and the rocket firing from Gaza (2007), 649

Human Rights in the Bible and Talmud (Haim Cohn): 539

Hungarians: and former Jewish homes, 123

Hungarian Immigrants Association: 275 Hungary: Jews from, make their way to

Palestine, 3; and Herzl, 9, 10; Jews from, and the building up of Palestine, 53-4, 91, 183, 199, 231; Jews from, and the building up of Israel, 266, 268, 275, 352; and a trial for slander, 303-4; Soviet Jews in transit through, 536-7

Hurvitz, Yigal: and West Bank settlements, 485

Husan (near Bethlehem): and a reprisal action, 314

739

Israel

Hushniya (Golan Heights): and the October War, 440

Hushy, Abba: pleads, in vain, 172 Hussein, Emir: an anti-Zionist talks with,

52 Hussein, King (of Jordan): 274, 299; and

an Israeli reprisal action, 316; and secret contacts with Israel, 347, 482, 519, 523; a warning from, 362; and the road to war in 1967, 377; and the Six Day War, 385, 387; and the West Bank, 398; and 'Black September', 417; and the October War, 439-40, 440-1, 442,447; and the aftermath of the October War, 462; Rabin's invitation to, 554; negotiations with, after Oslo, 568, 571-2, 573-4; and the signing of the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, 576; and possible joint Israeli-Jordanian projects, 580-1; at Rabin's funeral, 589; his eulogy, 589-90; an a crisis in Jerusalem, 596; pays condolence calls, 600; and an attempted assassination in Amman, 616

al-Husseini, Abdel-Kader: in action, 161, 168--9

al-Husseini, Haj Amin: Mufti of Jerusalem ('Grand Mufti'), 48; presides, 57; and the 1929 riots, 60; protests, 64-5; and the 1936 riots, 88; and the Second World War, 117-8, 152; and the Muslim Holy Places in Jerusalem, 149-50; escapes, 152; in Egypt, 154; areas controlled by, 163; his relative killed in action, 168; his hopes for Palestine, 173, 230, 241

al-Husseini, Musa Kazim Pasha: and the riots of 1920, 48; warns of an armed uprising, 61: protests, 64-5; calls for a halt to Jewish immigration, 72

al-Husseini, Said Bey: and 'Arab public opinion', 30

Huxley, Julian: Israel's part in 'the human adventure', 617

Hynd, John Burns: visits Belsen, 125

Ibn Adesan, Ayyad Awwad: his satire, 115

Ibn Rabia, Id: sells land, 115 Ibn Said, Salama: sells land, 115 Ibn Saud, King (of Saudi Arabia): 89 Ibrahim AI Awwal (Egyptian frigate):

opens fire, 321 Ibrahim, Jawdat: at a special school, 503

Idi Amin, President (of Uganda): and the October War (973), 438, 458; and the Entebbe raid, 473

Illarionova, Alona: a recent immigrant from Ukraine, 603

'illegal' immigration: 76-7,95-6,98--9, 100-1, 105-9, 112, 115, 119, 124-5, 127, 129-30, 135-6, 145; and release from detention, 191

Imber, Naphtali Herz: his poem, 7 immigration (after 1948): 188, 196,

257-64, 275, 284, 287-8, 290, 332, 344 Immigration and Absorption Committee

(of the Knesset): 535 Independence Day (1967): a parade on,

366 Independence Day (968): a parade on,

401 Independence Day (1987): an incident

on, 527 Independence Day (1997): and Israel's

population, 605; and the national flag, 606

Independence Square (Philadelphia): Golda Meir greeted in (1970), 416

Independent Liberal Party: formation of, 343-4

India, Republic of: 150, 288, 302, 303; supports 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468; and Israeli security, 635

Indian Ocean: 368 Indonesia: 300; represented at

Annapolis (2007), 653 Indyk, Martin: and Oslo II, 582;

'unhappy', 616 inflation: the battle against (1984), 517-8 Inn of the Good Samaritan: a settlement

near, 470 Inquisition: and conversions to

Catholicism, 603 Institute of Jewish Studies (Mount

Scopus): 53 Interim Agreement (1995): 620-1 International Centre for Peace in the

Middle East (ICPME): 604 'International Flotilla': proposed, 374;

not coming into being, 377-8; final efforts for, 377, 381

International Labour Organizatiori (ILO): condemns Zionism, 467

International Monetry Fund (IMF): represented at Annapolis (2007), 654

International Refugee Organization (IRO): 259

740

Index

International Women's Year Conference: condemns Zionism, 467

In the Image (human rights organization): see Betselem

intifada (Palestinian uprising): 525-7, 537, 538-42, 543, 547-8, 549-50, 557-9, 560, 561-2; and the second intifada, 621

Intrator, Genya: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Iran: votes against Jewish (and Arab)

statehood, 150; Jews from, in Israel, 266, 302; an assassination in, 274; and the Baghdad Pact, 304; soldiers from, in Beirut, 509; supports Islamic Jihad, 530; supports Hamas, 557; an immigrant from, killed by a suicide bomber, 574; and the Arab world, 579; the continuing support for terror by, 593; and Russian weapons technology, 615; a threat from, 635

Iraq: a Jew from, remembered, 44; Jews from, in Palestine, 55; Muslims from, protest, 61, 97; a pledge to protest in, 74; and Arab nationalism, 75-6; and the Second World War, 118; and the Middle East, 120; and oil 141; and the Arabs of Palestine, 144; and Israel's War of Independence, 155, 180, 181, 182, 185, 192, 193, 204, 219, 244, 253; the Jews of, 225; and the Arabs of Palestine, 230; Jewish immigration from, 257-8, 259, 266; and the Baghdad Pact, 304; and Egypt, 308; and Jordan, 316; and the 'liberation of Palestine', 346-7; and the 1967 war, 377, 381, 385; and a future Palestine State, 416-7; and the October War, 442, 443, 444, 452, 454, 455, 456-7, 459; a bombing raid on (981), 498, 499, 628; supports a 'Liberation Movement', 503; Jews from, 519; and the Helsinki Summit (990), 546

Iraq-Haifa oil pipeline: and the October War, 433; and the Gulf War, 547

Iraqash, Issa Mohamed: killed, 156 Iraq el-Manshiya (Arab village):

attacked, 220, 231 Iraq Suwedan (police fort): battle for,

232-3, 237 Irgun: reprisals by, 80, 92, 94; and the

Second World War, 117; denounced, 118; continuing action by, 121-2, 126; and the Stem Gang, 111; and the Haganah, 132; and the King David

Hotel, 134-5; retaliation by, 140; killings by, 141, 142, 148-9; reprisals against, 143, 159; hostages of, 148; reprisals by, 154; continued killings by, 157, 158; and the struggle in Palestine (November 1947 to May 1948), 167, 169, 175-6, 176; and the Israel Defence Forces, 202; and the Altalena, 210-3, 216; in action, 216; and the aftermath of Bernadotte's assassination, 228-9; a broadcaster for, forms a new political Party, 494

'Irgun in Israel': a breakaway movement, 111

Iron Curtain: and Jewish immigration, 414

Isaac (the Patriarch): and Hebron, 397 Isaiah (the Prophet): recalled, 7, 260,

288, 295 Isdud (Arab village): 111; occupied by

Egyptian troops, 199, 208; recalled, 438 Islamic fundamentalism: 274,499, 515,

530, 557, 579, 593 Islamic Jihad: urges 'instant military

action', 530; a commander of, abducted, 542; intensifies activities, 557; Israeli action against, 558; 'revenge' by, 559; and the continuing intifada, 560; murders by, 561; opposes Oslo, 566, 569; and poverty, 578; announces ceasefrre, 628

Ismailia (Egypt): evacuated, 401; and the War of Attrition, 410; and the October War, 457, 458; and the Begin-Sadat talks (977), 489-90, 490

Ismailia-Cairo Road: and the October War, 458

IsraAid: helps refugees in Chad, 650 'Israel': a name voted on, 182; a 'stroke

of genius', 187-8 Israel, State of: declares independence,

186-8; its War of Independence, 189-249; and the Sinai Campaign (956), 320-328; and the Six Day War (967), 384-95; and the War of Attrition (1969-70), 410, 413, 415; and the Yom Kippur War (October 1973), 426-61; and the Lebanon War (982), 503-12; and the Intifada 0987-92), 525-8, 537, 538-42, 547-8, 549-50, 557-9,560, 561-2; and the 'peace process' (after 1992), 559-60, 561, 562-7, 568-72, 575-81, 582-4, 586-7, 593;

741

Israel

Israel, State of (continued) and the assassination of Rabin (1995), 587, 588-91; approaches its fiftieth anniversary (1998), 599-619; Jewish population of, exceeds that of United States (2007), 645; vigorous economy of (2007), 649-50; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Israel Academy of Arts and Sciences: 419, 541

Israel Aircraft Industries: 274 Israel Air Force (IAF): and the War of

Independence, 189-90, 199-200; growth of, 273-4; and the crisis of 1956, 310, 318; and purchases from France, 313; and a near collision, 334; and a clash with Syria, 362, 365; and the Six Day War, 384, 385, 387, 389-90, 392; and the War of Attrition, 410, 413; and the prelude to war in 1973, 425; and the October War, 434, 439,440,448,455,456,458; and the Entebbe Rescue, 472-3; and purchases from the United States, 474; and a political crisis, 474-5; and an airlift, 484,497, 537; and raids on Lebanon, 487, 505; and the Gulf War, 546; and a helicopter crash, 599-600

Israel Asper Community Action Centre: in four Israeli cities, 650

Israel Broadcasting Service: and the prelude to war in 1967, 376, 380

Israel Defence Forces (IDF): volunteers in, 201; its composition, 202; and the Altalena, 210, 212, 213; and the Irgun, 228-9; and the Palmach, 229-30; and manpower, 264-5; and Israel's national income, 284; the unity of, and Ben­Gurion, 293, 351; and French weaponry, 313; and the result of the Sinai campaign, 326, 328; and a 'foul­up', 333; and mobilization (in 1967), 367; the 'strength and preparedness' of (1967), 376; and the Jews of Syria, 392; and Cairo, 393; and the 'right to feel confident', 395; and a 'Song of Peace', 400; its tradition, when a soldier is killed, 413; its length of service to be reduced, 423; alleged 'brutality' by, 501-2; and the Lebanon War, 507; and the intifada, 526; and 'the pain of the families of', 587; and the Hizballah­Israel War (2006), 639-42; in Gaza, 640, 645, 649; and the dismantling of

illegal outposrs, 651-2 Israel Flotilla: created (1949), 254 Israel-Jordan border (1949-67): 265 Israel 1971 (Fodor): and the Ashkenazi-

Sephardi divide, 420-1 Israel-Jordan Mixed Armistice

Commission: 385 Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty (26 October

1994): 302, 576 Israeal Medical Association: a propsed

boycott against, 651 Israel Museum (Jerusalem): 296;

founded, 354-5; and the Jewish heartland before 1939, 556

Israel Palestine Centre for Research and Information (IPCRI): founded, 540

Israel Public Council for Soviet Jewry: and the need for a comprehensive plan, 536

Israel Radio: 284, 445, 455, 457-8, 458 Israel Television: 435-6,440-1,445,

490; and a political scandal, 601, 602; and southern Lebanon, 606

Israel Track (hiking path): 175 Israel, Wilfred: remembered, 80 Israeli Arabs: and emergency

regulations, 345; and the second intifada, 622

Israeli General Elections: (of 1949), 250; (of 1951), 275-7; (of 1955), 300-1; (of 1961), 339; (of 1965), 343, 359, 399; Cof 1969), 463; Cof 1973), 463-4; (of 1977), 474-5, 477, 478-80; Cof 1981), 498-9; (of 1984), 516; Cof 1988), 530-2; (of 1992), 549-50; Cof 1996), 593, 594-5; and the Israeli Arab vote, 345

Israeli-Palestinian Chamber of Commerce (Economic Council): in prospect, 646,651

Issadin Kassem Brigades Cof Hamas): a leader of, killed, 581

Istanbul (Turkey): refugees reach (1944), 115

Istiklal Party (Iraq): blamed, 257-8 Italy: and the Stern Gang, 111;

Palestinian Jews fight in, 119; Jews pass through, on way to Palestine, 124-8; Jewish refugees from, to be admitted, 136; sells arms to Israel, 225; and the Eichmann Trial, 336; a kidnapping in, 522

Itawi, Khaled: killed, 560 'Ivriya': a name proposed, 187 Izmir (Turkey): and an industrial park,

742

Index

612 Izz ad-Din aI-Kassam: kidnap two

Israeali soldiers, 639

al-Jaabari, Sheikh Muhammad Ali: and Transjordan, 241

Jaba (Arab village): overrun, 221 Jabali, Brigadier-General Ghazi: appeals

against killing, 581 Jabalya (refugee camp): a killing in, 562 Jabareen, Yousef: critical of Israel, 642 Jablonow (Poland): emigration from, 54 Jabotinsky, Vladimir: calls for military

volunteers (1914), 31; leads troops in action (1918), 37; directs propaganda (1921), 46; protects Jews (1920), 47; leads Betar (from 1931), 68; leads Revisionists, 71, 76; his inspiration, 80; protests against Partition (1937), 88; holds World Conference (1938), 91-2; wants Jews to be armed (1940), 103; dies (1940), 110; and the geographic extent of Israel, 497

Jackson-Yanick Amendment: and Soviet Jewish emigration, 535

Jacob (the Patriarch): his descendants, 335; his patrimony, 397

Jacobs, Julius: killed, 135 Jaffa: Jews in (before 1914), 3, 27-8, 39;

a Jewish settlement near (1870), 4; land bought by a vice-consul from, 6; Herzl meets the Kaiser near, 17; new immigrants land at, 24, 33, 70; Palestine office established in, 25; Jews expelled from, 30; riots in (1921), 48; riots in (1933), 72, 77; riots in (1936), 80; and the prelude to the War of Independence (1947-8), 155, 158, 159; battle for (1948), 175-6, 183; Egyptian warships off, 203; Arabs flee from, 205; Arab citizens of, 344; a pen portrait of, 350

Jaffa (Israeli destroyer): in action, 321 Jaffa Gate Qerusalem): 159, 162 Jaffa Group (1914-5): 30 Jaffa Road Qerusalem): 281, 282 Jaffe, Dr Leib: killed, 164 Jamail, Dr Fadhil: and Palestine, 144 Janco, Marcel: his brainchild, 287 Japan, Israel opens a mission in, 288;

military instructors from, in Egypt, 448 Jarring, Dr Gunnar: and a cease-fire

(1970),414 Ja'tun: an ancient ruin, 231

J'auna (Arab village): expulsions from, 234

Jawitz, Ze'ev: remembered, 287 al-Jazzar Mosque (Acre): 266 Jebel Barouk (Lebanon): control of, 512 Jebel Druse mountains: 171, 454 Jemal Pasha: his harsh rule, 30, 31 Jemayel, Bashir: to become President of

Lebanon, 504; 'I am not your vassal', 508; assassinated, 509; aftermath of the assassination of, 510

Jenin: battle for (1948), 204; a reprisal attack near (1965), 356; and Israeli occupation, 405; and Dayan's 'view of the map', 405-6; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; under the Palestinian Authority, 597; 'The Martyrs' Capital', 625; an Israeli soldier rescued in, 649

Jephtah: a judge, recalled, 175 Jeremiah (the Prophet): recalled, 4, 420 Jeremiah (symphony): played, 143 Jericho: Jews seek to buy land near

(1878), 4; a kibbutz founded near (1939), 102; a conference at (1948), 230; to be returned to Arab sovereignty (1969),406; and 'Gaza and Jericho first' (1993), 563, 569; and the Cairo Agreement (1994), 570; Israeli troops withdraw from (1994), 571; hopes for the development of, 578, 580; and terror, 580; Israeli forces withdraw from (2004), 632; a one-year truce discussed in, 632; Olmert meets Abbas in (2007),648

Jericho Conference (1948): 241 Jericho-jerusalem road: and the Six Day

War, 386 Jerusalem: and Rome, 3; and the early

settlements, 6; and Hatikvah, 7; grows, 9; and the Kaiser, 17; a clinic in, 28; and the First World War, 30, 33; riots in (1920 and 1921), 47, 48; (1929), 60; (1933), 72; protests in (1935), 77; immigrants to, 55; and archaeology, 57; and music, 79; and Babylon, 99; and two suicides, 143; a Jewish' town, 144; future of, discussed, 149, 153, 185; and the struggle for Palestine (November 1947-May 1948), 45, 153, 155, 156-7, 159, 162, 163, 164, 167, 173, 183; and the War of Independence, 193, 199, 205, 206, 207, 210, 213, 219, 221-2, 233, 241, 246;

743

Israel

Jerusalem (continued) Knesset meets in (1949), 252; divided, 265, 299; vegetables and flowers for, 272; possible agreement on, 307; and the Eichmann Trial, 336-7; and Pearl Fishers; and the Israel Museum, 354-5; a 'child' of, 360-1; bomb explosions in (1966), 362; fighting in (Six Day War), 386; Golda Meir's 'dream of peace' in, 410; and the October War (1973), 429, 438; and the aftermath of the October War, 462; and the Good Fence, 471; Sadat's visit to, 483, 487, 489; no 'signing away' of, 493; Israeli-Egyptian negotiations in (1979), 495; and the Basic Law (1980), 496; a bomb explosion in (1982), 515; a funeral in, of an assassinated leader (1988), 516; and a 'revolution of peace' (993), 566; its future (after Oslo), 568; anti­government demonstrations in (1995), 585, 586; suicide bombs in (1995-7), 592, 597,613,614; and Memorial Day (1997), 603; and the city's Palestinian population 'in danger of expulsion' (1997), 607-8; an ultra-Orthodox riot in (1997), 609-10; a proposed 'defence zone' around, 612; vibrancy of, 618; future of, discussed at Camp David (2000), 622; its future, and the Road Map, 626; and 'the Wall', 631; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648

Jerusalem Brigade: in Sinai (973), 432 Jerusalem Corridor: Jewish settlements

in, 45, 60, 196; Arab villages in, blown up, 174; Israeli troops in, 188, 196; fighting in (948), 208, 216, 221, 222; under Israeli control, 223; advance from, 234; a forest fire in, 263

Jerusalem District Court: charges in, 522 Jerusalem Fire Brigade: and a riot, 282 Jerusalem Post: reports a demonstration

(1952), 280-3; reports the Luxembourg agreement, 283-4; and terrorist acts, 294; and a reprisal action (1955), 305; and Israeli air strikes in the north (1970), 413; and the occupied West Bank, 418-9; and a controversial Knesset debate (1982), 502; and a murder in Jerusalem (989), 541; and stone throwers (1993), 560; and the Palestinian population of Jerusalem (997), 607; and an ultra-Orthodox riot

(1997),609-10; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648

Jerusalem Reclamation Project: and East Jerusalem, 524

Jerusalem-Dead Sea Road: and a new settlement, 470

Jesus: of 'ancient Germanic origin', 18; and an Arab student leaflet, 61

Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station: established, 25

Jewish Agency (for Palestine): established, 50; a crisis for, 55-6; enlarged, 59; and Youth Aliyah, 69; a director of, sceptical, 69-70; urges restraint, 80, 89, 91; works with the British, 85; denounced, 92; and new settlements (1939), 97; and deportees, 109; and a 'Jewish Commonwealth', 112; hands over names of Jewish terrorists, 118; criticized, 122; demands certificates, 123; urges end of immigration restrictions, 124; leaders of, arrested, 132-4; denounces terrorism, 135, 142; and further new settlements (1946), 136-7; accepts compromise proposals, 149; denounces reprisals, 154, 157; seeks to avoid a confrontation, 158-9; a bomb in the courtyard of, 164-5; and a secret mission to Transjordan, 178; and the first Knesset, 252; and a Foreign Minister, 253; and postwar immigration, 258-9; and housing, 267; and the Jews of Ethiopia, 303, 537; and the Bedouin, 359; the National Institutions of, recalled, 568-9

'Jewish Archaeology': the 'creation' of, 57

Jewish Brigade Group: to be set up, 117; the flag of, used in action, 244; its experience used, 151, 215

Jewish Chronicle: 22, 540, 615 Jewish Colonial Trust: 17-8 Jewish Colonization Association: 13, 96 'Jewish Commonwealth': proposed, 112 Jewish Hospital (Cairo): 296 Jewish Legion: 31, 36, 36-7, 45, 49, 69 Jewish National Assembly: 42 Jewish National Council (Va'ad Leumi):

42, 53, 154, 158, 164 Jewish National Fund: established, 19;

and a children's village, 24, 25; and collective farming, 26, 27, 30, 34, 44; and Tel Aviv, 28; and the Jezreel

744

Index

Valley, 45-6, 54; support for, 55; a founder of, remembered, 114; an official of, and Arab tenant farmers, 159; and the War of Independence, 205; and abandoned Arab villages, 205; and afforestation, 263; and reclamation, 269, 331; the forests of, 618

Jewish National Home: in prospect, 40, 41, 42, 47, 50, 55, 61, 67, 69, 72, 77, 78, 86-7, 112, 121, 128, 138, 147, 148, 187; to be 'finished', 617

Jewish National Institutions (in Palestine): 42, 97, 568-9

Jewish Nazism': denounced, 118 'Jewish Olympics': in Palestine, 79 Jewish Quarter (Hebron): 598 Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem): defended,

47,49, 157; besieged, 159, 168; embattled, 198-9, 213, 221-2; destroyed, 233; and the Six Day War, 387; the defences of (1948) recalled, 603

Jewish Quarter (Safed): 174,177 Jewish Quarter (Tiberias): 171 Jewish Resistance Movement:

established, 132; ended, 135 Jewish Settlement Police (Palestine): 85 Jewish Socialist Workers Party (the

Bund): 16 The Jewish State (Herzl): 11-12 Jewish university: proposed, 8, 20, 29 The Jewish War Front (Jabotinsky): 110 Jezreel Valley: Jewish settlements in, 35,

43, 44, 45-6, 54-5, 57-8, 78, 79, 143, 208, 453; an archaeological discovery in, 57-8; music in, 143; and the War of Independence, 208; access to, secured, 265; soldiers recruited from, 325; shelling on (1973), 439

Jezzine (Lebanon): Israeli and Syrian tanks clash in (1982), 505

Jian, Yitzhak: shot, 157 Jibril, Ahmad: holds soldiers captive,

519 Jihad: see Holy War Jinji' (Ginger): killed in action, 244 Jish (Arab village): attacked, 235-6 Joffe, Eliezer: inspires, 44 Johannesburg (South Africa): Ben-

Gurion's question in, 294; a 'great revolution' in, 566; a 'Jihad' proclaimed in, 571

Johnson, President Lyndon B.:

sympathetic to Israel, 361; and the prelude to war (1967), 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 377-8; and the attack on Liberty (1967), 389-90; and American military assistance, 407

Johnston, Eric: an envoy, 291 Joint, the: see American Jewish Joint

Distribution Committee 'Joint Understanding': at Annapolis

(2007),654 Jones, General James: and the renewed

Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007),655

Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of): and Palestinian Arab refugees, 256, 262, 271; and the armistice lines, 265-6; and a water dispute, 291; terrorist infiltration from, 294-5, 330; and Israeli reprisal actions, 314-5, 404; and the Sinai campaign, 323; and secret contacts with Israel, 347; and the Palestinian Arabs, 352; and the escalating crisis (1966-7), 362, 363, 370, 381; and the Six Day War, 384-5, 386, 391, 393, 394; and the West Bank, 397,402,406,412; and a 'grandmother telling bedtime stories', 410; and 'Palestine', 416-7; and the coming of war in 1973, 427; and the October War (1973), 436, 440, 448, 451, 452, 454, 455,456-7; and the aftermath of the October War, 463; and a possible 'Jordanian-Palestinian State', 476, 480; and Camp David, 491, 492; and the Reagan Plan, 508; and the London Agreement, 523-4; and the Gulf War, 546; and the Madrid Conference, 548; and the 'Gaza first' option, 563; and the path to a peace treaty with Israel, 571-2, 573-4; the hoped-for prosperity of, 580; and 'the road to peace', 587; supports the Road Map, 627; and the renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007), 653-4

Jordan River: Jewish settlements near, 8, 26, 68, 82, 91, 102; Jewish troops cross (1918), 37; electrical works on, 40, 88; a Jewish vision 'both sides of', 74, 76, 92; Jewish land purchase near, defended, 104; and the Mississippi, 148; Bedouin flee across, 160; and the War of Independence, 175, 176, 191-2, 193, 208, 210, 216;

745

Israel

Jordan River (continued) and a water crisis, 290-1,352-3; raids and reprisals across, 306, 343, 356; trade across, 403, 412; Israel's presence along, 406; Golda Meir's 'dream' for, 417; settlements along, 419; and the October War, 433, 434; and negotiations with Jordan, 568, 573; Rabin's hopes for, 578

'Jordan is Palestine' (political slogan): 480

Jordan-Israel Agreement (1955): 299 Jordan Yalley: 37, 193, 386; and the

Allon Plan, 406, 419, 469, 612; and the Bailey map, 610-11

Jordanian-Egyptian Trusteeship: an option (1993), 563

'Jordanian-Palestinian Delegation': proposed, 527; created, 548; invited, 552

'Jordanian-Palestinian State': acceptable to Israel, 476

Joseph: his policy in Pharaonic Egypt recalled, 577

Joseph, Dov: and Count Bernadotte, 228; enters Cabinet, 252

Josephus Flavius: his account confirmed, 351

Joshua: his spies recalled, 83 Joshua, Book of: and the name of a

new settlement, 470 Jotapata: founded, 343 Judaeo-Tat (dialect): speakers of, reach

Palestine, 55 Judah, Tribe of: and the name of a new

settlement, 268, 470 Judas Maccabeus: recalled, 12 'Judaea': a name proposed, 187 Judaea: the concept of, revived (967),

397; 'our homeland', 422; the name, revived (1977),480; plans for, broached by Begin, 481; autonomy for, broached by Rabin, 552; Jewish settlements in, frozen, 555; Jewish settlements in, renewed, 615

Judaean Hills: reclamation in, 269; a distant view of, 278

Judin (crusader fort): a settlement near, 137

Ka'anan, Hamdi: to become an administrator, 398

Kabri: founded, 249

Kach (political Party): its electoral success, 516

Kaddum: a new settlement at, 470 Kadima (political Party): founded

(2005), 636; its first election (2006), 638-9

Kafr Kana (Lebanon): civilians killed in (2006), 641

Kagan, Helena: and a source of precious milk, 33

Kahalani, A vigdor: joins coalition (1996),595

Kahan Commission Report: its criticisms, 510; a protest following, 511

Kahan, Yitzhak: heads Sabra and Chatila enquiry, 510

Kahana, Baruch: his generosity remembered, 55

Kahane, Meir: enters Knesset, 516 Kalischer, Rabbi Zevi Hirsh:

remembered, 84-5 Kaliya (Dead Sea): 85, 153, 249, 573 Kalkilya (West Bank): reprisals against,

315, 354; under Israeli military occupation, 397; a suicide bomber, and 'The Engineer', from, 575; under the Palestinian Authority, 597

Kamchatka (Siberia): 147 Kamel, Mohamed Ibrahim: negotiates,

490 Kantara (Suez Canal): and the War of

Attrition, 410 Kaplan, Eliezer: and a political crisis,

139-40; his welcome message, 191 Kaplan Hospital (Rehovot): wounded

brought to, 298 Karameh (Jordan): a reprisal against,

404 Karun Lake (Lebanon): Israeli and

Syrian tanks clash at (1982), 505 Kashani, Eliezer: executed, 143 Kastel: the struggle for (1948), 168-9,

173; Jews from Kurdistan settle at, 272-3

Kastner, Israel: and a trial for slander, 303-4, 349

Katamon (Jerusalem): battle for, 183; Irgun base at, 229

Katsav, President Moshe: charges against, 643

Kattowitz (Upper Silesia): a pioneering conference at, 5

Katz, Doris: and the Irgun, 229 Katz, Israel: and a new political Party,

746

Index

478 Katz, Shmuel: and an ultimatum, 229;

and 'Western Palestine', 480--1; opposes Camp David, 494

Katzir, Aharon: killed, 419 Katzir, President Ephraim: at a museum

opening, 491 Katznelson, Berl: and 'constructive

socialism', 63 Kaukaba (Arab village): captured, 184 al-Kaukji, Fawzi: in command, 164,

170--1, 176; and the battle for Nazareth, 220; and the last fighting in the north, 234, 235-6, 237

Kawasmeh, Wael: killed, 592 Kennebunkport (Maine): Rabin's visit to,

556 Kennedy, G.D.: killed, 135 Kennedy, Jacqueline: at a museum

opening, 491 Kennedy, President John F.: meets

Golda Meir, 347-8 Kerem Ha-Shalom: founded, 613 Keren Hayesod (Foundation Fund):

established, 46 Keren Kayemet: see Jewish National

Fund Kernhills (American cargo ship): sails

through Tiran Straits, 327 Kessim (spiritual leaders): and the Chief

Rabbinate of Israel, 537 Ketuba Fort (Suez Canal): and the

October War, 432 Ketziot (prison): detainees deported

from, 558 Kfar Azar: founded, 68 Kfar Baruch: founded, 55 Kfar Batya (youth village): Ethiopian

Jews at, 303 Kfar Bialik: founded, 76 Kfar Bilu: founded, 68 Kfar Blum: founded, 113-4 Kfar Chaim: founded, 73 Kfar Darom: founded, 135; attacked,

184, 193-4; battle for, 215; suicide bombings in, 581

Kfar Etzion: founded, 114; surrounded, 161-2, 178; battle for, 182-3, 184-5

Kfar Gideon: founded, 44 Kfar Giladi: founded, 32; defended, 43;

shelled, 436 Kfar Ha-Horesh: founded, 71 Kfar Ha-Maccabi: founded, 79 Kfar Habad: terrorist raid on, 305

Kfar Ha'Nasi: founded, 210 Kfar Ha-Ro'eh: founded, 76 Kfar Hassidim: founded, 54 Kfar Hittim: founded, 19, 25 Kfar Jawitz: founded, 287 Kfar Kisch: founded, 137 Kfar Malal: destroyed, 48 Kfar Masaryk: founded, 91 Kfar Menachem: founded, 90 Kfar Monash: founded, 137 Kfar Mordechai: founded, 268 Kfar Netter: founded, 96 Kfar Pines: founded, 72 Kfar Ruppin: founded, 91 Kfar Shams (Syria): and the October

War, 452 Kfar Shmaryahu: founded, 76; a would-

be assassin at, 583 Kfar Szold: attacked, 159, 163-4 Kfar Uriyyah: abandoned, 60 Kfar Vitkin: founded, 73; and the

Altalena, 211 Kfar Vradim: a model village, 617 Kfar Yehezkel: founded, 44 Kfar Yonah: founded, 68-9 Khaddam, A.H.: and the aftermath of

the October War, 465 Khalde (Lebanon): Israeli troops reach

(1982), 505 Khalil, Ahmad Bey: leaves, 172 Khalil, Kamal: killed, 581 Khan Yunis: attacked, 243-4; occupied,

324; 'wretched poverty' of, 553; the intifada in, 558; six Palestinians shot dead in, 558-9; a ten-year-old boy shot dead in, 559; an Israeli woman axed to death in, 562; Israeli raids on, 629, 639

Kharatya (Arab village): battle for, 220 Khartoum Summit (1967): opposes

negotiations, 402 Khatib, Anwar: his proposal for the

West Bank, 398 aI-Khatib, Abdel Ilah: in Jerusalem for

talks, 648, 653 Khidr, Abd el-Majid: see Yarkoni, Amos Khisas (Arab village): expulsion from,

234 'Khomeinism': without Khomeini, 579 Kibbutz Artzi movement: 56 Kibbutz Hameuhad movement: 56 Kibya (Jordan): a reprisal action against,

292; repercussions of, 295 Kielce (Poland): murders at, 134

747

Israel

Kiev (Ukraine): luminaries from, 18; Jews reach Israel from, 537; the 'great revolution' in, recalled, 566

Kilometre 101: and the October War, 458, 462

Kimhi, Rabbi: a rabbinical source, 342 King David Hotel (Jerusalem): violence

in, 134-5; reconstructed, 241; Sadat prays in, 489

King George V Forest (Lower Galilee): 71

King George V Street (Jerusalem): 163, 279, 282

King George V Street (Tel Aviv): 70 Kings, Books of: 280 Kinneret: founded, 25; and an

experiment, 26, 28 Kiryat Anavim: founded, 45; and the

Scouts, 68; and night patrols, 81; and Haganah training, 85

Kiryat Arba: founded, 405; and the future of the West Bank, 406

Kiryat Gat: founded, 296 Kiryat Ha-Yovel (Jerusalem suburb): 216,

607 Kiryat Shaul cemetery (Tel Aviv): 301 Kiryat Shmonah (development town):

269; shells fall on, 436, 455; a hang­glider attack near, 524

Kisch, Brigadier Frederick: killed by a mine, 137

Kishinev (Ukraine): pogrom in, 21; delegates from, 22; orphans from, 24

Kishon port (Haifa): built, 284 Kissinger, Henry: and the October War,

444,452,456,457,458; and the aftermath of the October War, 465, 468

Kisufim: bombarded, 311 Klausner, Joseph: appeals for funds, 29;

and the Balfour Declaration, 34; a Revisionist candidate for the Presidency, 252; opposes reparations, 280; and 'my land being rebuilt', 300

Klein, Samuel: and the geography of the Jewish National Home, 53-4

Knesset: x, 25, 56; first sessions of (1949), 252, 254-5; Martin Buber's letter to, 265; an Iraqi Jew enters, 258; a housing proposal in, 260-1; and education, 256; a government presented to (1951), 276; and reparations from Germany, 279-83; and a crisis with Czechoslovakia, 285;

and a Holocaust memorial (Yad Vashem), 288; political parties in, 293; and a crisis with Iraq, 316; and the withdrawal from Sinai (1956),327; and the capture of Adolf Eichmann, 336; and a 'National Museum of Israel', 355; and a new political Party, 358; and the 1965 election, 359; a Bedouin Member of, 360; hit by shellfire (1967), 386; and the October War (1973), 439, 451, 458-9; and a political crisis (1976), 474-5; and the 1977 General Election, 479; and Sadat's visit (977), 487, 489; and Camp David, 493; and the Israeli­Egyptian peace treaty (979), 495; and Jerusalem, 496; and the halting of Sabbath flights by El AI, 502; and the 1984 General Election, 516; and the 1988 General Election, 530-1; and a law concerning changing sides (1991), 544; and the 1992 General Election, 549-50, 550-1; Rabin's inaugural speech to (13 July 1992), 551-5; debates Oslo II (5-6 October 1995), 585; and Rabin's Lying-in-State, 588-9; and a crisis of religiOUS interpretation, 602-3; and the victims of terror, 605

Koenig, Pierre: signs agreement, 300 Koestler, Arthur: and the non-kosher

meat crisis (949), 248 Kohn, Joe: killed in action, 213 Kol, Moshe: and child immigration, 258 Kollek, Teddy: and the founding of Ein

Gev, 87; his mission (1947), 144; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295; and secret talks with Egypt (956), 308; and the 'Lavon Affair', 338, 339-40; and the Israel Museum, 355; and Jewish homes in East Jerusalem, 615

Kolonia (Arab village): the base for an attack, 168

Kook, Chief Rabbi Abraham Isaac: denounces a 'blood libel', 72; a spiritual mentor, 76; and the Land of Israel, 91; and his son's followers, 469

Kook, Rabbi Zvi Yehuda: and the West Bank, 469

Koran: desecrated, 539 Kosygin, Alexei: his message to Nasser,

373; and the October War, 449, 455 Kovno (Lithuania): Jews from, 9 Kozienice (Poland): Jews reach

Palestine from, 54 Kramer, Dr Uri: his pioneering medical

748

Index

device, 650 Krause, Eliahu: and a training farm, 26 Kravchenko, Piotr: accompanies Shimon

Peres in Belarus, 556 Kreisky, Bruno: closes a transit camp,

426 Kummerman, Dr: and a group of

'illegal' immigrants, 106 Kuneitra (Syria): and the Six Day War,

392,393 Kuntilla (Sinai): a reprisal raid on, 305 Kurdistan: Jews from, 55, 60, 80, 82,

272-3 Kursi (Sea of Galilee): bombarded, 306 Kursk, Battle of (1943): recalled, 443 Kuwait: and oil, 141; troops from, reach

Cairo, 370; troops of, in Syria, 466; invaded, 546

Kuznetsov, Eduard: sentenced to death, 414

La Spezia (Italy): and 'illegal' immigration, 130

Labour Government (Britain): and Palestine, 123, 124, 125; and Israel, 361

Labour Legion: organized, 44-5 Labour movement: predominance of, in

Israeli political life (1948--77), 62-3, 71, 139-40, 163, 250, 252, 273, 275, 277, 297, 300, 303-4, 338--9, 344, 358, 359; 'gradual erosion' of power of, 404; and religiOUS Zionism, 407

Labour Party (Israel): and the future of the occupied territories, 406, 422; and Golda Meir's succession to the premiership, 408--9; and Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, 422-3, 424, 466, 475, 513; and the impact of the October War, 461,463-4; and the leadership struggle (1977), 475; in oppOsition, 485, 498; an Arab Knesset Member leaves, 526; and the 1988 General Election, 531-2; and the political crisis of 1990, 543-5; and the intifada, 550; and the 1992 General Election, 550-1; and the Arab vote, 583, 585; and the 1996 General Election, 594-5; its new leader, challenged (1997), 611; Sharon seeks to work with (2001), 623; comes second to Kadima (2006), 638--9; Barak returns as leader of, 646

Labour Party (Britain): and Palestine, 121, 131-2; and Israel, 251

Labour Zionists: and the Arabs of Palestine, 122-3

Lachish (an ancient city): 296 Lachish Development Region: 296, 354;

and the Bedouin, 359 Lake Success (New York): an appeal

from, 232 Land Acquisition Law (1953): 256 Land Day: commemorates six Arab

dead, 471 Land of Israel Movement: founded

(1967),400; and the return of Jews to Hebron, 404-5; and religious Zionism, 406; and Camp David, 494

land sale to Jews: Arab protests against, 65, 601

Landsberg, Yitzhak: see Sadeh, Yitzhak Lands Department Qewish National

Fund): 159 Laner, Major-General Dan: and the

October War, 444 Lankry, Rivka: an immigrant from

Morocco, 603 Lansky, Meir: denied entry, 270 Larsen, Terje Rod: and Israeli-PLO talks,

559 Laskov, General Chaim: and a 'foul-up',

333 Last, Commander Gabi: and a suicide

bombing, 574-5 Latakia (Syria): an air clash near, 425; a

naval clash off, 441; Soviet warships ordered to, 444; Soviet tanks reach, 451

Latin America: immigrants from, 137, 138

Latrun: detention camp at, 133; fighting at, 173; battles for, 196-7, 205-8, 221; 222; recrimination over, 214; border changes near, envisaged, 406

Latvia: Betar founded in, 43; a religiOUS Zionist from, 114

Latvians: and Jewish homes, 123 Lau, Chief Rabbi Israel: and 'an

abomination', 605 Lausanne Conference (1949): and

Palestinian refugees, 255 Lavi: founded, 263 Lavi, Shlomo: organizes Labour Legion,

44-5; and the death of both his sons, 56

749

Israel

Lavon, Pinhas: and mass immigration, 275; and reparations from Germany, 284; and a reprisal raid, 290; becomes Minister of Defence, 294; and the 'Lavon Affair', 296-7, 337-40; Ben­Gurion seeks his return to public life, 356-7

'Lavon Affair': its course and impact, 296-7, 337-40, 349, 356-7, 380

Law and Administration Ordinance (1948): 196

Law of Return (950): 270-1 Law of the Sea (international conference):

and Israel, 332-3 Lawrence, T.E. ('Lawrence of Arabia'):

recalled, 73 Lawson, Edward B.: his doubts about

reprisals, 314 Layish, Yehuda: and the October War,

461 Lazer (a Roumanian Jew): 'a

tremendous opera lover', 352 Leaflet 40: calls for killings, 538 League of Nations: and the Palestine

Mandate, 41, 50, 69, 121, 142 Lebanese Front: Israel's support for, 491 Lebanese-Israeli border: Fatah

commandos cross, 354, 356 Lebanon: Jewish settlements near, 73,

91,92-3,96, 137, 264; an attack across the border of (941), 110-11; Arab immigrants from, 119; and the Middle East, 120; and the battle for Israeli statehood, 155, 172, 177, 180, 181, 182, 192, 230, 237; armistice talks with (949), 253; opposes recognition, 254; and Palestinian Arab refugees, 256, 262; and a water crisis, 290-1; and Fatah commandos, 354; and the PLO, 417,490; and the October War, 454-5, 458; and the Good Fence, 471; Israeli troops in, 483; and Israeli reprisals, 487, 490; and Camp David, 492; Israeli invasion of (982), 503-13, 623; Islamic fundamentalist terror in, 515, 579; and the Madrid Conference (1991), 548; Rabin's invitation to (1992), 554; Palestinian prisoners deported to, 558; a commando attack on (997),614; Israeli withdrawal from, 620; Israel's rocket challenge from, 639-42; and the renewed Israeli­Palestinian peace process (2007), 653

Lebanon War (982): 503-13; casualties

in southern Lebanon since, 599; and a peace group, 604

Leeds Castle (England): negotiations at, 490

Legislative Council: proposed, 66-7 Lehmann, Dr Siegfried: founds a

children's village, 51; a 'peace activist', 94; and security, 103

Lehrer, Reuben: a pioneer, 7 Lehrs, Dr Hugo: killed, 157 Leipzig (Germany): a musician from, 81 Lenin, V.I.: 51 Leningrad: 170, 408, 555 Lenk, Karl: reaches Haifa, 105-6;

deported to Mauritius, 108-9 Levanon, Nehemia: his work behind the

scenes, 521 Levavi, Aryeh: and the coming of war in

1967,378 Levi, Said Ben Shalom: a Yemenite Jew,

33 Levin, Harry: and 'this foul thing', 169 Levin, Shmaryahu: remembered, 76 Levin, Dr Stanley: a volunteer, 222 Levin, Rabbi Y.M.: and non-kosher

meat, 247-8; his Ministerial post in government, 277

Levinger, Rabbi Moshe: and the Jewish return to Hebron, 404-5; and the settling of the West Bank, 469, 495

Levinson, Yaakov: commits suicide, 475 Levy, David: a 'favourite son', 266; and

Project Renewal, 498; and the Taba dispute, 500

Levy, Simha: axed to death, 562 Lexicon Road (Suez Canal): and the

October War, 446 Liberal Party: electoral success of

(1961), 339; its formation and philosophy, 343-4

Liberia: a pioneer represents Israel in, 270

Liberty (United States Navy): attacked (967), 389-90

Libya: Jews from, 264; 'terrorist squads' from, reported, 426; and the October War, 447, 458; and support for terror by, 593

Licht, Abraham: killed, 177 Lichtenstein, Eliahu: in action, 216 Lichter, Moshe: killed in action, 232 Lieberman, Avigdor: and a political

scandal, 602 Lieme, Nehemiah de: remembered, 102

750

Index

Lifta-Romema Oerusalem): 'not one Arab', 163

Likud bloc (Likud Party): its original composition, 344; its first electoral success, 463; and the election of PLO mayors, 471; and a political crisis (1976), 474-5; and the 1977 election, 477-8,479; its 'hawkish image', 487; divided by Camp DaVid, 493--4; and the Lebanon War (1982), 507; and the West Bank settlements, 513, 543; and the 1984 General Election, 516; and the 1988 General Election, 530--1; and the political crisis of 1990, 544-5; and the PLO, 548; and 'autonomy', 549; and the 1992 General Election, 550--1; and the peace process under Rabin, 583; and the impact of terror, 593; and the 1996 General Election, 594-5; and crisis over religiOUS practice, 603; led by Netanyahu, 620; opposes Sharon's policies, 635, 636; Netanyahu leads again, 639

Lions Gate Oerusalem): and the Six Day War, 390

Lipkin-Shahak, General Amnon: sees 'signs of fatigue', 615

Lipshitz, Hadassah: her death in action, 206

Liquorish, Douglas: in action, 247 Lisbon (Portugal): a death on the way

from, 80; Quartet meets in, 647-8 Litani River (Lebanon): Israeli soldiers

reach (1948), 192, 237; Israeli troops again reach (1982), 504; Israeli troops ordered to (2006), 641

Lithuania: Jews from, reach Palestine (1812), 3; orphans from, reach Palestine (after 1918), 51; immigrants from, in Palestine, 96, 114, 264; and Israel, 612

Lithuanians: and Jewish homes, 123 'Little Triangle': included in Israel, 265 Livny, Tzipi: Foreign Minister of Israel,

638 Litvak, Joseph: killed, 157 Lloyd George, David: and Palestine, 86 Lloyd, Selwyn: and Suez, 317 Lockett, Major: and the Faluja Pocket,

239 locusts: attack, 32 Lod (formerly Lydda): settled by Jewish

immigrants, 266; some Arabs still live in, 344

Lod Airport: a secret flight from, 315; an act of terror at, 419; for subsequent index entries see Ben-Gurion Airport

Lodz (Poland): Jews from, 19,90 Logan, Donald: and the Suez crisis, 318 Lohamei Ha-Getta'ot: founded, 264 London (England): Jews of, 11, 24;

Herzl in, 12, 17, 21; Jewish troops in, 36; a Jew killed, on his way from, 37; a Jew killed, on his way to, 80; anger in, 128; the Blitz in, recalled, 190; determination in, 312-3, 371; secret meetings in, 347, 482, 519, 572; memorial meetings to Rabin in, 591

London Agreement (1987): negotiated, 523; rejected, 524

London Blitz (1940--1): bravery in, 343 Lorch, Colonel Netanel: his historical

writing, 169, 220 Loubrani, Uri: negotiates, 537 Louisville (Kentucky): a new immigrant

from, 67 Lourie, Arthur: and the 1967 war crisis,

378 'Lovers of Zion': founded, 5; a farming

settlement established by, 8; and a centre of spiritual regeneration, 13; and Zionism, 13--4; land settlement plans of, 21; and a honeymoon, 22; a new settlement of, 29

Lower Galilee: Jewish settlements in, 71, 137, 263

Lubavich (Hasidic movement): 305, 594 Lubetkin, Zivia: reaches Israel, 264 Lubiya (Arab village): flight of

inhabitants of, 263-4 Lueger, Karl: an anti-Semite, 10 Luxembourg: 426; opposes 'Zionism is

racism' resolution, 468; and the Oslo Accords, 566

Luxembourg Agreement (1952): and reparations, 283

Luz, Ehud: and secular and religiOUS Zionism, 406-7

Lvov (Ukraine): Jews from, in Palestine, 263

Lydda: battle for (1948), 216-8; settled by Jewish immigrants (after 1949), 260; the struggle for, recalled, 485-6; the exodus from, recalled, 519

Lydda Airport: 156, 161, 183, 260; for subsequent index entries see Lod Airport

751

Israel

ma'abara (immigrant housing): established, 261-2, 268, 287; replaced, 290; the 'children' of, 479, 531

Ma'agan: overrun, 192 Ma'ale Adumim: established, 470-1 Ma'ale Ha-Hamisha: founded, 90; an

'ancient radio' in, 188 Ma'alot: a terrorist attack on, 466 Ma'arach: a new political Party, 359 Ma'ariv (newspaper): and the

premiership succession (969), 408; and 'a dark age', 507; and a street protest (997), 605

Mabovitch, Goldie: see Meir, Golda Maccabeans: 'will rise again', 12;

emulated, 68; birthplace of, embattled, 222

Maccabi Sports Organization: and the Jewish Olympics', 79

MacDonald, James: and a British ultimatum, 245

MacDonald, Malcolm: and the 'Black Paper', 97, 98; and 'illegal' immigration, 101; and the 'Jewish element' in the United States, 104

MacDonald, Ramsay: warned, 65; his own warning, 66

Mackillop, Douglas: and Jewish refugees (in 1946), 124-5

MacMichael, Sir Harold: in Palestine, 92, 105

Madagascar (Indian Ocean): 113, 132; Israel's agreement with, 332

Madeba Qordan): mosaic map in, 272 'Made in Japan': and the Bar Kochba

revolt, 341 Madmony, Anat: her story, 603 Madrid Conference (991): 548; to be

built on (992), 552 Mafrak (Transjordan): troop

concentrations at, 181 Magen, General Kalman: and the

October War, 443 Magen David Adorn (Red Shield of

David): 151, 156, 281 'Magic Carpet' (immigration from

Yemen): 260 Magidish, Uri: stabbed to death, 562 Magnes, Judah: favours a bi-national

State, 62; negotiates with a leading Palestinian Arab, 74-6

Mahal (overseas volunteers): 189, 201-2, 222, 233, 235, 244; and a memorial meeting to Rabin, 591

Mahanayim: founded, 97; shelled, 436; survivors reach, 208

Mahane Yehuda Qerusalem): 'not one Arab', 163; and a suicide bomb, 613

Maiber, Deputy Superintendent Israel: injured, 281

Maimon, Rabbi Yehuda Leib: and Ben­Gurion,301

Maisel-Shohat, Hannah: and agricultural training, 28

Majdal: troops land at, 193 Majdal Shams (Golan Heights): and the

October War, 454 Major, John: and the Gulf War, 546;

ends arms embargo, 556; in Israel, 579-80

Maki (Israel Communist Party): 250, 275 malaria: 37, 43, 44 Malaysia: Malha (Arab village): battle for, 215 Mali: Israel's agreement with, 332 Malta: terrorism at, 624 Manara Qewish settlement): surrounded,

234; siege of, broken, 237 Mandelbaum Square Qerusalem): also

known as the Mandelbaum Gate, 299, 394

Mandler, General Avraham: killed in action, 443

Manekovsky, Irene: and Soviet Jewry, 520

Maoz: founded, 82; defended, 86 Maoz Hayyim: a kibbutz renamed, 84 Ma'oz Zion: founded, 272-3;

amalgamated, 323 Mapai (political Party): its philosophy,

62-3; its leader murdered, 71; and a dispute at Basle (946), 139--40; and the struggle in Palestine 0947-8), 163; in power, 250, 252; splits from Mapam, 273; and the 1951 General Election, 275; and a unified school system, 277; and the 'Lavon Affair', 297, 338-9, 357, 380; and the 1955 General Election, 300, 301; and a trial for slander, 303--4

Mapam (political Party): and Arab refugees, 218-9; and the 1949 General Election, 250, 252; splits from Mapai, 273; and the 1951 General Election, 275; and reparations, 280, 282; electoral success of (961), 339; electoral decline of (965), 359; and the 1988 General Election, 531; and

752

Index

the formation of a new Political party, 532

March of the Living: becomes an annual event, 556

Marcus, Colonel David (Mickey Stone): in action, 205-6; and the 'Burma Road', 207, 208; killed, 209

Marcus, Yoel: and the debate over Israeli troops in southern Lebanon, 599-600

Mar Elias (monastery): and the War of Independence, 198

Margalit, Dan: launches a political scandal,477

Maritza (refugee ship): reaches Turkish waters, 115

Marj-Ayun (Lebanon): troops from, 236 Mark of Cain: and the Lebanon War

(1982), 511 Marks and Spencer: and a secret

meeting, 347 Marrakech (Morocco): a Jew from,

works at Dimona, 521 Marseille (France): and a refugee ship,

254 Marshak, Yoel: and a cross-community

football initiatve, 645 Marshall, General George c.: and

Palestine, 165; his plan a possible model, 559-60

Marshall, General S.L.A.: and Israel's army, 264--5; and the aftermath of the Sinai campaign, 331

Marshall, Louis: and the Jewish Agency, 59

Marshall Plan (1947): and the Oslo talks (1993), 559-60, 561; and the Casablanca economic conference (1994),576

Martin, John: and the Peel Commission, 81; and Mauritius, 109

Martyrs' Square (Damascus): a hanging in, 355

Marx, Karl: and a courtship, 95 Marzouk, Dr Moshe: hanged, 296 Masada (Dead Sea): climbed, 68;

recalled, 184; a new road passes, 267; a dramatic discovery on, 351; a confident assertion on, 423

Masada (Golan Heights): and the October War, 454

Masaryk, Thomas G.: remembered,91 Mashaal, Khaled: an assassination

attempt on, 616; praises Ahmadinejad,

635; Palestinian emissaries visit, 639 Massachusetts (USA): a controversial

speech in, 477 Massuot Yitzhak: found, 114;

surrounded, 161-2, 178; captured, 185 Matt, Colonel Danny: and the October

War, 447 Mauritania: supports 'Zionism is racism'

resolution, 468 Mauritius (Indian Ocean): 'illegal'

refugees deported to, 105, 106-7, 109 Mazraat Beit Jan (Syria): and the

October War, 454 Mea Shearim Qerusalem): and Jewish

Jerusalem, 163; and religiOUS orthodoxy, 289; and an ultra-Orthodox demonstration, 610

Medad, Israel: and 'physical and spiritual redemption', 469; and Jewish efforts to buy property in the Old City of Jerusalem, 524

Medal for Bravery: see Ot Hagvurah Medein, Freih Abu: revives the death

penalty,601 Mediterranean Sea: 104, 143, 158, 259,

264,416; and the Casablanca economic conference, 576

Mehta, Zubin: and a two-minute silence, 541

Meimad (political Party): fails to win a seat, 531

Mein Kampf (Adolf Hitler): in Sinai, 325 Meir, Golda (formerly Mabovich,

Meyerson): meets 'Palestinians', 36-7; reaches Palestine, 48-9; recalls 'pay day', 52; her 'one ideal', 95; opposes 'helplessness and dependence', 129; proposes a hunger strike, 130; her political qualities, 140; and 'a great illusion', 146; her secret visits to the Emir Abdullah, 149-50, 178-80; and statehood, 188, 190; at a concert, 224; in Moscow, 226-8; enters Cabinet, 252; and Arab refugee property, 256; and Jewish immigration, 260-1, 262; serves as Minister of Labour, 294; and the 'Lavon Affair', 297, 340; and Dag Hammerskj6ld, 310-1; and General Bums, 314; and the Suez Crisis, 315-6; and Iraq, 316; and the Sinai campaign, 326, 327; and the aftermath of Sinai, 329-30, 331; meets King Hussein in secret, 347; meets President Kennedy in Florida, 347-8;

753

Israel

Meir, Golda (continued) and the road to war in 1967, 373, 378-80; and the Six Day War, 384; and the Palestinians, 399, 412; and the succession to Eshkol, 407-9; becomes Prime Minister, 409; and Egypt, 410; and the 'dream of peace', 410; and negotiations for a cease-fire (970), 414-5; visits the United States (970), 415-7; visits Vienna (973), 426; and the coming of war in 1973, 427, 428, 431-2; broadcasts (6 October 1973), 435; and a prospective Dayan broadcast, 438, 439; her television broadcast 00 October 1973), 440-1; and the advance into Syria, 440, 441; and the crossing of the Suez Canal, 442; and a further television broadcast 03 October 1973), 445; speaks in the Knesset (16 October 1973), 451-2; and the ending of the October War, 457, 458, 460, 462; remains Prime Minister, 463-4; resigns, 465; greets Sadat, 489

Meir, Miriam: killed, 157 Meirov, Shaul (later Shaul Avigur):

fights, 43; and 'illegal' immigration, 96; and the premiership succession (1969),408

Mekor Hayim Qerusalem): attacked, 162; defended, 216

Melchett, Lord: and the Jewish Agency, 59

Memorial Day: a traditional ceremony on (997), 603-4, 604-5; and the victims of terror, 605

Mendelssohn, Dr: and an expedition, 116

Mendelssohn, Felix: his works performed, 79

Mengistu, Colonel Haile Mariam: and Jewish emigration from Ethiopia, 537

Meretz: a new political Party (1988), 532; enters the coalition (992), 550; and the 1996 General Election, 594; a leading figure in, appeals for an end to 'oppression', 607

Merhavya: and Golda Meir's road to the premiership, 409

Meri, President Lennart: at Rabin's funeral, 589

Meridor, Yaakov: and the Lebanon War (1982),507

Meron Qewish village): liberated, 235

'Merry Wives of Windsor': march of (967), 380

Meshed (Persia): a Jewish leader from, 55; forcible conversions in, 603

Mesopotamia (later Iraq): 32, 54, 120; for subsequent index entries, see Iraq

Messiah, the: and the Diaspora, 48; and the Land of Israel, 98; and a belief in divine miracles, 530

Metman-Cohen, Yehudah: founds a Hebrew High School, 25

Metropole Hotel (Moscow): Golda Meir in, 226

Metulla (Upper Galilee): founded, 13; Israeli air strikes near, 413; a crossing point at, 471

Metuna, Organization for Road Safety (Israel): 645

Mevasseret Yerushalayim: founded, 323 Mevasseret Zion: founded, 323 Mevo Betar (also Mevuot Betar): a

reprisal action near, 314; the settlement of, founded by Herut, 497

Mevo Dotan: founded, 486 Mexico: 65, 147, 225, 351, 467; supports

'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468 Meyerson, Morris: 52 Micaela (in Carmen): and a Tel Aviv

debut, 351 Michaels, Paul: and a self-critical Israeli

report, 646 Micronesia: supports Israel, 601 Middle East News Agency: incredulous,

404 'Middle East Oil' (memorandum): 141 Midianites: recalled, 44, 78 Midya (Arab village): battle for, 222 Migdal Eder: founded, 55 Migdal Ha-Emek: shells fall on (1973),

436 Mikveh Israel: founded, 4; a labourer at,

5; Herzl meets the Kaiser at, 17; a would-be settler at, 84-5; its founder remembered, 96

Military Administration: its rules and regulations, 345; in the Negev until 1965, 359

Milka (refugee ship): reaches Turkish waters, 115

Miller, David: his courage, 221 Milos (refugee ship): its passengers

transferred, 105 Milwaukee (USA): two emissaries reach,

36-7

754

Index

Mineralnye Vody (North Caucasus): Jews fly to Israel through, 537

Ministry of the Interior: and a new policy towards Palestinians in Jerusalem, 607-8

Minsk (White Russia): a conference of Zionists in, 20; a Jew from a village near, reaches Palestine, 24; Soviet Jews fly to Israel from, 537; a Jew returns to a village near, 557

'Minnie': a code name, 102 Mintz, Aaron: looks for his father, 33 Mintz, Atara: and 'social hatred', 261 Mintz, Jacob: reaches Palestine, 24;

taken to forced labour, 33 Mintz, Lieutenant-Colonel Meir: killed,

in Gaza, 581 Miriam: her dispute with Moses, 294 Misgav Am: founded, 122; threatened,

234 Mishmar Ha-Emek: founded, 55; battle

for, 170-1 Mishmar Ha-Negev: founded, 137; and

the War of Independence, 233 Mishmar Ha-Sharon: founded, 73 Mishmar Ha-Yarden: founded, 8;

attacked, 208; held by Syrians, 210, 213

Mississippi River: and the River Jordan, 148

Missouri Fort (Suez Canal): and the October War, 446

Mitla Pass (Sinai): and the Sinai Campaign (1956), 318, 320, 321, 322-3; and the Six Day War (1967), 387; and the October War (1973), 433, 437, 443, 447; and the aftermath of the October War, 462, 468, 469; recalled, 472, 504; and the Israeli-Egyptian peace negotiations (1977), 489, 492

Mizrachi (religiOUS Zionist movement): 301

Moab, Mountains of: 39 Mobutu, President (of Zaire): breaks off

relations with Israel, 427 Modai, Yitzhak: and the battle against

inflation, 517 Mogilev (Russia): a pioneer from, 23 Mohammed: and the Jews, 61, 99 Moldavia: an immigrant from, 7 Moledet (political Party): electoral

success of, 531; denounces 'an insane government', 585

Mollet, Guy: and Suez, 317

Monash, General Sir John: remembered, 137

Monfort (crusader castle): an escape through, 237

'Monster on the Hill': battle for, 237 Monastery of the Cross (Jerusalem): a

murder near, 541 'Moon Landscape': in space, 628 Moonlight Sonata (Beethoven): and the

coming of war in 1973, 429 Morag-Talmon, Pnina: and the nature of

Jewish immigration to Israel, 519-20 Moravia: early Jewish immigrants from,

3; annexed by Hitler, 98 Mordechai, Asaf: his story, 603 Mordechai, Yitzhak: and southern

Lebanon, 606; and the sale of Russian arms technology to Iran, 615

Morgenthau, Henry, Jm: remembered, 233

Moriah (a political Party): its leader enters the Cabinet (1990), 545

Moroccan Brigade: in action (1973), 433 Moroccan Jews: in Palestine, 23 Morocco: and the Arab world, 76; the

fate of a volunteer from, 213; Jews from, in Israel, 259, 266, 268-9, 302, 521, 531, 603; a Summit in, 411; and the October War, 437-8; and the aftermath of the October War, 466; Israeli youth from, and the 1977 General Election, 478-9; and the road to an Israeli-Egyptian peace, 482, 489, 587; the Prime Minister of, at Rabin's funeral (1995), 589; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Morrison, Herbert: and Muslim opposition to Jewish immigration, 124; and partition, 136

Moscow: a luminary from, 18; a war correspondent of, 31; Golda Meir in, 226-8; and the United States, 304; immigrants from, attacked, 426; Kissinger flies to, 456; Kissinger flies to Tel Aviv from, 457; a former Ambassador to, speaks of the need for democracy and toleration, 529; and Soviet Jewish emigration, 535; the first direct flight to (1990), 536; Israeli-Palestinian talks in (1992), 549; the 'great revolution' in, 566; a memorial meeting in, 591

Moses: 22,96, 148, 191,294, 327, 520 Moses Montefiore Testimonial Fund: 8

755

Israel

Mosh (a commander): killed, 182 Moskowitz, Irving: and Jewish property

in East Jerusalem, 615 Moslem Conference (928): urges

restrictions, 57 Mossad, the: and the affair of the

German scientists, 349-50; and the Munich massacre, 419; and the coming of war in 1973, 431; and the Entebbe rescue, 472; and a kidnapping, 522; and an assassination, 528; and a failed assassination, 616

Mossad le-Aliyah Bet (illegal immigration): 96

Mothers and Women for Peace: established, 604

Motza: killings in, 60; an attack on, 168 Motzkin, Leo: and the Arabs of

Palestine, 17 Mount Canaan (Upper Galilee): and the

War of Independence, 174, 175, 177 Mount Carmel: a settlement founded on

the slope of, 287 Mount Hermon: and floods, 96; and

Israeli warplanes, 365; and the Six Day War, 393; and fate, 409; and Israeli air strikes, 413; and the October War, 433, 454, 457

Mount Herzl Oerusalem): Jabotinsky buried on, 110; and the War of Independence, 216; Rabin's funeral on, 589-91

Mount Kabir: a settlement at, 470 Mount Meron: evacuated, 235; a

settlement founded near, 268 Mount of Olives Oerusalem): and the

Six Day War, 390; Jewish homes near, 615

Mount Scopus Oerusalem): and the Hebrew University, 29, 35, 39, 40, 53, 233, 394; and the Hadassah Hospital, 97, 155, 170; and a military initiative (948), 174; isolated (1948-67), 233, 241, 248-9, 274; and the Sinai Campaign (1956), 323; after the Six Day War, 394, 407; and the intifada, 540; a speech on, recalled, 567

Mount Sinai: a summons to, 326-7 Mount Tabor (Galilee): settlements near,

97-8, 137, 205 Mount Zion Oerusalem): and a

'shattering scene', 198; an Israeli outpost on, blown up, 233

'Mountain Jews': reach Palestine, 55

Moussa, Amre: at Annapolis (2007), 653 Moussa, Kadoura: and the Jenin

'massacre' (2002), 625 Movement for the National Liberation of

Palestine: see Fatah Movement of the Islamic Resistance: see

Hamas Moyal, Eli: his 'deep regret', 632 Moyne, Lord: his view of the Jews,

112-3; assassinated, 118 Moynihan, Daniel: and an

'abomination', 467 Mubarak, Hosni: becomes President of

Egypt, 499; proposes Israel-Palestinian talks (1989), 540; and Rabin's vision of peace (1992), 554; and the Cairo Agreement (994), 570; and Clinton's 'mission', 576; at Rabin's funeral, 589; and the renewed peace process (2007),647

Mufti, the (Grand Mufti), of Jerusalem: see al-Husseini, Haj Amin

Mughar: a Hizballah rocket on, 641 Mujib, Sheikh; and '75 million people in

Bangladesh', 438 Munich (Germany): acts of terror in,

418, 419 Municipal Labour Council (Tel Aviv):

and 'innocent blood', 296 Murad, Mullah: arrives from Persia, 55 Murano Glass: manufactured, 268 Murphy, Richard: visits Middle East

(1988), 527-8 Musa Kadura: and a free-trade industrial

zone, 651 Musketeer (military operation): against

the Suez Canal, 313 Muslim Brotherhood: troops of, attack,

184, 193, 233; an assassination by, 242; a branch of, founded in 1988, 528; a splinter group of, active in Gaza, 530

Muslim Quarter (of the Old City of Jerusalem): and a tunnel, 596

Mussolini, Benito: 68, 111, 189, 252; and a cruel parallel, 584

Na'an: a crucial meeting at, 229-30 Nabateans: their ancient cities, 242; their

farming methods, 272 Nablus: and 'gangs of criminals', 61;

attacks in (1933), 72; attacks near, 80; a murder in, by mistake, 94; and the War of Independence, 166; and Palestinian nationalism, 299; war

756

Index

refugees allowed to return to (967), 397; a Palestinian administrator for, 398; Israel's future plans for, 405; a Jewish settlement near, 470; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; an anti-Arab killing near, 539; and an appeal by Rabin, 553; and an intervention by Rabin, 555; a Palestinian youth shot dead near, 558; under the Palestinian Authority, 597; two would-be suicide bombers surrender near, 629; Hizballah cheered in, 640; Hamas­Fatah clashes in, 644; and a football initiative, 645

Nachshon (military operation): to open the Jerusalem road, 167, 170

Nafa'a, Yunis: assumes command, 172 Nafekh (Golan Heights): and the

October War, 434 Naguib, General Muhammad: deposes a

king, 274 Nahal (Pioneer Fighting Youth): 223,

267, 272, 342-3, 401, 501; a new outpost of (997), 613

Nahal Kaliya: founded, 401 NahalOz: founded, 272; a death at, 311-

2 Nahal Sorek: nuclear reactor at, 301 Nahala: a fedayeen attack on, 302 Nahalal: founded, 43; reinforcements

from 193; shelled, 439 Nahalat Yehuda: Jews farm at, 24,

29-30; a boy from, seeks his father, 33 Naharayim: a secret meeting at (1947),

150; a second secret meeting at (948), 179; schoolgirls shot dead at (997), 600

Nahariya: founded, 73; isolated, 199; a settlement near, 231; advance eastward from, 235; a Syrian plane crashes on, 456; a PLO rocket attack on, 486; a tense meeting in, 508; a terrorist attack on, recalled, 564-5; and Israel's beaches, 618; rockets fall on (2006),640

Nairn, Etti and Yitzhak: murdered, 541 Najada (Arab paramilitary organization):

159 Nakar, Meir: executed, 148 Nakhba (the Catastrophe): discussed,

634 Naphtali, Tribe of: and a new

settlement, 332 Narbata (later Ma'anit): founded, 113

Narkiss, Uzi: and the battle for the Etzion bloc, 184-5; and the battle for Beersheba, 233; and the Six Day War, 386; and the future of the West Bank, 398; and the October War, 453

Nasej (Syria): and the October War, 444 al-Nashashibi, Ragheb Bey: and the

'harm and danger' of Zionism, 30 Nasrullah, Sheikh Hassan: initiates war

with Israel, 639; cheered in Nablus, 640

Nasser, Sheikh Abdel: assassinated, 644 Nasser, Colonel Gamal Abdel: and the

deposing of a king, 274; and Palestinian nationalism, 299; and the Soviet Union, 300; and the conflict with Israel, 301, 307-10; and the Suez crisis, 312,317,320; a warning by (960), 334; an approach to (962), 346; and the Palestinian Arabs, 352; and the escalating crisis 0966-7), 362, 366, 367, 368, 370, 371, 373, 375-66, 376-7, 379, 381, 382; and the Six Day War, 385, 387, 390; and the aftermath of war, 401; and the War of Attrition, 410

National Command (of Palestinian Jewry): 151

National Guard (United States): 265 National Guardsmen Oordanian): 314,

315 National Opera (Tel Aviv): 170,351-2 National Palestinian Council (948): 230 National ReligiOUS Front: 275, 301 National ReligiOUS Party: founded, 275;

electoral gains of, 339; opposes arms sales to Germany, 349-50; continued electoral success of, 359; and the West Bank, 422; and the December 1973 General Election, 463; and a vote of no-confidence (976), 474-5; enters a Likud-led government (977),480; a member of, 'righteous', 493; and West Bank settlements, 497; and Sabbath flights by El AI, 502-3; and the 1984 General Election, 516; and the 1988 General Election, 531, 532

National Security Force (Palestinian Authority) and the death of an Israeli settler, 654-5

National Union of Journalists (Britain): votes on a boycott, 651

National Unity Government: of 1967, 396, 414; of 1984, 516, 518; of 1988, 532, 537, 543, 544

757

Israel

National Water Carrier: established, 290-1, 291; and a crisis, 352-3

NATO: 265 Nature Preservation Society: 617--8 Nature Reserve Authority: 325 Navon, Yitzhak: and a new political

Party, 357; opposes 'collective punishment', 539

Navy Training Centre: a summons to return to, 428

Nazareth: Arab refugees flee to, 172; battle for, 220; Arabs of, 344, 345, 642; Hizballah rockets fall on, 640

Nazareth-Tiberias road: Israel troops advance from, 235

'Nazi, Nazi ... ': a cry at the Wailing Wall, 605

Nazi Party: 78 Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939): 99 Nazism: recalled, 283; and a trial for

slander, 303-4 Nebi Samwil: battle for, 174 Nebi Yusha: fighting at, 175 Nebo: Moses' view from, 96 Negba: founded, 98; attacked, 194-5;

battle for, 219 Negbi, Moshe: his accusation, 539 Negev Brigade: and the Altalena, 212;

and the defence of Be'erot Yitzhak, 219; recruits of, flown in, 226; to be withdrawn, 245

Negev Desert: 45, 74, 88, 115, 117, 118, 144, 149; and the War of Independence, 155, 156, 158,160-1, 184, 192, 208, 210, 213, 219, 220, 223, 225, 231, 232, 233, 240, 242, 246, 248; development of (after 1948), 271-2, 277--8, 284, 302-3; terrorist acts in, 294, 323, 404; Egyptian bombardments in, 311; and the aftermath of the Sinai campaign, 331; and the Bedouin, 359-D0; and the road to war in 1967, 379; air bases in (after 1978), 492; 'empty', 577

Neriah, Yuval: testifies, 501; apprehensive, 502

Nes Ziona: Arab-Jewish amity in, 7 Netanya: founded, 62; a bus on its way

from, attacked, 155; and the proximity of the pre-1967 border, 462; a suicide bomb near, 579

Netanyahu, Ben-Zion: a leading Revisionist, 594

Netanyahu, Binyamin (Benjamin): his

government, 277; and a commando raid, 404; and a rescue mission, 418; and the West Bank settlements, 471, 513, 609; his brother's death (at Entebbe), 473; and jewish rights of settlement, 524; denounces the government's peace policies, 574; and anti-government rallies, 584, 585, 586; and the 1996 General Election, 594-5; forms a government, 595; delays Oslo II timetable, 595; and the opening of a tunnel, 596; Peres appeals to, 596-7; and the Hebron Agreement, 597--8; and Har Homa, 600-1; and a political scandal, 601-2; and diverse Jewish religiOUS worship, 602-3; and the national flag, 606; and West Bank settlement building, 609, 616; and the shift away from Oslo, 610-11, 612; declines to visit Basle, 613; and the carrying out of the Oslo Accords, 614; and Israel's economic dependence on the United States, 618; opposes withdrawal from Lebanon, 620; opposes withdrawal from Gaza, 635

Netanyahu, Yoni: and a 'dramatic rescue operation' (1973), 442; and the Entebbe raid (1976), 473

Netherlands, the: takes in Jewish refugees, 95; immigrants to Israel from, 102; supports creation of a Jewish State, 149, 150; and the Straits of Tiran, 374; Patriot missiles from, 547; and the Oslo Accords, 566; the Queen of, at Rabin's funeral, 589; Gaza exports to, 633

Netter, Charles: founds an agricultural school, 4; remembered, 96

Netzer-Hazany: founded, 475 Neubach, Amnon: and the battle against

inflation, 517 Nevatim: a rescue mission to, 160-1;

supplies dropped by air to, 224 Neve Dekalim (Gaza Strip) a woman

killed in, 629 Neve Sha'annan Oerusalem): a museum

founded on, 355 Neve Shalom Oaffa): defended, 48 Neve Shalom (Valley of Ayalon): a

student enrols at, 503 Neve Yaakov Oerusalem): a strong

speech made at, 536 Neviot (Gulf of Akaba): to be given up,

494

758

Index

New Gate Qerusalem): and the War of Independence, 197, 221

New Israel Fund: its activities, 633 'New Middle East': the hoped-for nature

of, 580-1 New York: and Jewish statehood, 11; a

Jew from, at the First Zionist Congress, 14; luminaries from, 18; patrons from, 25--6; an Extraordinary Zionist Conference in (1942), 112; a Press Conference in (1945), 121, 122; and 'speeches about resistance', 138; a crucial vote in (1947), ISO-I, 153; and the end of the Mandate, 185, 189, 190; a body flown to, 209; a Praesidium based in, 279; a reparations agreement signed in, 284; Hasidic dynasties in, 289; a flight to (in 1956), 313; a historic meeting in (1960), 334; a Security Council resolution in (1973), 459; an assassination in (1990), 516; a fundraising dinner in, 524; and Soviet Jewish emigration, 535; an Israeli­Palestinian meeting in (2004), 632, 633

New York Times: and a concert in Jerusalem, 143; and a 'rescue bid', 145; and statehood, 191; and Rabin's memoirs, 485

New Zealand: votes for a Jewish State, 150; no peace treaty needed with, 566

'Night of the Bridges': 132, 136 Nile River: bridges over, bombed, 401;

and the War of Attrition, 411; and the October War, 451

NiH (spy group): active, 33 Nir, Colonel Natke: and the October

War, 437 Nirim: surrounded, 194; an air action

near, 247; bombarded, 311 Nissan, Avraham (Avraham Katznelson):

a diplomat, 270 Nissenbaum, Isaac: remembered, 114 Nissim, Rabbi Isaac: becomes Chief

Rabbi,303 Nitzana: an attack on, 305 Nitzanim: Israelis regain, 234 Nixon, President Richard M.: 'needed',

415; Golda Meir negotiates with, 416-7; and the October War, 445

Nobel Peace Prize: awarded, 255, 495; a recipient of, makes an appeal, 522-3

Nobel Prize for Literature: awarded, 360 Nokrashy Pasha: assassinated, 242 Nordau, Max: 'we are insane together',

10; drafts the Basle Programme, 14; opposes the Uganda scheme, 22

North Africa: Jews in, 14,20; Jews from, 27,144-5,202,296,302,332,403,420, 519; and 'United Islam', 119; volunteers from, 233

North Korea: pilots of, in Syria, 466 North Sea Oil: sales of, resumed, 556 Northern Galilee: 174,331,458, 503 Northern Ireland: and 'hopes of

negotiations', 551 Norway: a General from, heads a truce

team, 385; and the path to the Oslo Accords, 559; troops of, in Hebron, 571; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

'Note for the Record': and the Hebron Agreement, 598

Nowogrodek (Poland): a partisan from, killed in action, 198

Nukeib (Sea of Galilee): an Israel reprisal on, 306

Numbers, Book of: and a new settlement, 272

Nuremberg Laws (1935): and the Jews of Germany, 78, 93

Nuremberg Trials: and the Eichmann Trial,337

Nusseirat (refugee camp): and an act of terror, 541; a fourteen-year-old Palestinian boy killed in, 560

Obeid, Sheikh Abd aI-Karim: abducted, 542

Observer (London): and the 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468

Occupied Territories: see West Bank and Gaza Strip

October War (1973): 183, 415, 426-58; losses in, 459-60; aftermath of, 460-2, 464-5,479; a hero of, speaks out, 501; a fallen soldier of, remembered, 603; a veteran of, killed by a suicide bomb, 614

Oded (youth movement): and the 1977 General Election, 478--9

Odessa (Russia): Jews from,S, 170, 300; a fundraising gathering in, 29; an astonishing demonstration in, 34; a Soviet military base in, feared, 481

Ofakim: founded, 302 Ofer, Avraham: and a financial scandal,

475

759

Israel

'Office for Refugees': reassuring ... at first, 106

Official Gazette: first issue of, 190 Og, King of Bashan: and Ben-Gurion's

question, 342 Ogaden Desert (Ethiopia): occupied,

484 Ohrenstein, Shimon: arrested, 286 Old Testament: ethical legacy of, 40 Olmert, Ehud: and East Jerusalem, 613;

joins Kadima, 636; succeeds Ariel Sharon, 637; forms coalition government (2006), 638-9; becomes Prime Minister, 639; and the Hizballah­Israel War, 641, 642, 645-6; charges against, 643; meets repeatedly with Abbas, 647, 648, 649, 653; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648, 649; dismantles Israeli outposts, 651-2; endorses a Palestinian State, 653; at Annapolis, 654; to continue to meet Abbas, 655

Olympic Games (Munich): a massacre at, 419

Oman: a representative of, at Rabin's funeral (1995), 589; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Operation Big Pines: and the military defeat of the PLO, 504

Operation Broom: in the Galilee, 177, 178

Operation Grapes of Wrath (996): 593-4

Operation Hiram: and the Upper Galilee, 234-5

Operation Horev: and the Negev, 242 Operation Magic Carpet: immigration

from Yemen, 260 Operation Moses: brings Jews from

Ethiopia, 497-8; recalled, 604 Operation Musketeer: against the Suez

Canal, 313 Operation Nachshon: to open the

Jerusalem road, 167, 170 Operation Peace for Galilee: see

Lebanon War (982) Operation Sheba: brings Jews from

Ethiopia, 498 Operation Solomon: brings Jews from

Ethiopia, 537; recalled, 604 Operation Yiftach: in the Galilee, 175 Operation Yoav: in the Negev, 231 Ophira (Gulf of Akaba): to be given up,

494

Oppenheim, Mariaske (Miriam): survives, 198

Oppenheim, Reuven: killed in action, 197-8

Or Akiva: founded, 273; Hannah Billig at, 343

Oren, Mordechai: arrested, 286 Oren, Sarah: and the October War, 460 Origin of Species (Darwin): 54 Orletta (refugee ship): intercepted, 145 Or-Lev, Corporal: a heroic defender, 432 Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC): and the October War, 460-1

Organization for Road Safety (Israel): 645

Ormat Company: pioneering research by,650

Ormsby Gore, William: and partition, 87 Oron phosphate field: gives work, 302 Orot: founded, 277 Oslo (Norway): a Peace Prize awarded

in, 495; and Israeli-PLO talks, 559, 560-1, 562-4

Oslo Agreement (also Oslo Accords): a precursor to (975), 468; signed (1993), 563-4; the carrying out of (after 1993), 568-9; and the Cairo Agreement (994), 570; and 'Oslo II' (1995), 581, 620-1; and 'the spirit of Yitzhak', 592; and the impact of terror, 593; to be carried out, given 'total reciprocity', 594; opponents of, join the coalition (1996), 595; timetable of, delayed, 595; and Jerusalem, 601; and Palestinian security, 601; an architect of, advocates withdrawals from southern Lebanon and the Golan Heights, 607; a shift away from (1997), 610-11, 612; a unilateral cancellation of an aspect of (1997), 614; and the Peres Peace Centre, 615; an opponent of, becomes Prime Minister of Israel (2001), 623; a negotiator of, becomes Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority (2003), 627; still a factor (2006),638

Ot Hagvurah (Medal for Bravery): awarded, 165-6, 220, 237, 501

Othman, Mohi: killed,614 Ottawa (Canada): Israeli-Palestinian

talks in (1992), 549 Ottoman Empire: and Palestine, 3, 11,

14, 27, 30; and the Circassians, 26; and

760

Index

two anti-Zionist parliamentarians, 30; Jews banished from, 31; and the First World War, 36, 37, 324

Ottoman Parliament (Constantinople): anti-Zionist Arabs in, 30

Oval Office (White House): an assurance in, 373

Overseas Reconstruction Committee (of the British Cabinet): and a 'serious problem', 125

Oz, Amos: and 'the defilement of language', 504; achieves international status, 617

Oz, Oshri: killed by rocket fire, 645

Pacific (refugee ship): reaches Haifa, 105

Pacific Ocean: 575 Pakistan: 150, 304, 468, 509; represented

at Annapolis (2007), 653 Palestine Committee (of the British

Cabinet): 124, 136 Palestine Electric Corporation: 40, 150 Palestine Executive: 46 Palestine Land Development Corporation:

26 Palestine Liberation Army: established,

352; in Gaza, 367 Palestine Mandate: see British Mandate

(Palestine) Palestine National Covenant: and

Arafat's appearance at the United Nations, 467

Palestine National Liberation Movement: and an attempted assassination, 503

Palestine Office (of the Zionist Executive): 25

Palestine Orchestra: established, 79; invites Leonard Bernstein, 143; and Independence Day, 186

Palestine Post: 69, 135, 162, 164 Palestine Refugees' Committee (1915):

31 Palestine State: envisaged, 399; and

Jordan, 416-7; advocated, 471; unacceptable to Israel, 476, 538; proposed, east of the River Jordan, 480; supported by Arab Democratic Party (of Israel), 527; 'our vigorous objection to' (Netanyahu), 602; and the Annapolis conference (2007), 653-4

Palestine White Paper (1939): 97,98, 101, 104, 109, 118, 121, 124, 126, 132,

138, 256 Palestinian Arabs: as refugees, 204-5,

255-6, 265-6, 271, 290, 299, 324, 329-30, 352, 362, 507, 508, 519, 525-6, 538, 549, 568; and an assassin, 274; terrorist actions by, 289, 291, 292, 294, 297, 301-2, 307, 310, 314, 316, 323, 330; and Fatah commando activity, 354, 356, 361-2, 363; continued terrorism by (after 1967), 404, 418, 426, 466, 486, 503, 506, 541; Dayan's understanding of the plight of, 311, 397; and the Six Day War, 394, 396; and the extension of Israeli rule to the West Bank and Gaza Strip, 396-8, 399, 419, 421-2; and Jordan, 416-7, 480, 482; and Israeli settlement on the West Bank, 469, 503, 524; Israeli discussions concerning (after 1977), 480; and the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty, 490, 491, 492; and the intifada, 525-7, 537, 538-42, 543, 547-8, 549-50, 557-9, 560; proposed autonomy for, 527-8, 537, 549, 552, 553; and human rights, 532, 533; an appeal to, for killings, 538; and moderation endangered, 540, 547, 561; and proposed talks with Israel (1990), 543; a call for talks with (1991), 548; and the Madrid and Washington Conferences, 548-9; and the Tokyo, Brussels, Ottawa and Vienna talks, 549; and the Rabin government (1992-5), 551-5, 555-6; terrorism of, recalled (1993), 564-5; and the 'closure' of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, 575-6; and the battle for the Negev, 577; terrorism of, recalled, 603; 'danger of expulsion' of, from Jerusalem, 607-8; and an attack by ultra-Orthodox Jews (1997), 610; Sharon seeks negotiations with (2001), 623

Palestinian Authority (Palestinian National Authority): 137; established (1994), 570-1; help for (1995), 580; and joint economic ventures, 581; transfer of powers to, 583, 621; and action against terror, 592; and a condolence call, 592-3; and Hebron, 597; and the death penalty for selling land, 601; and a plan to curtail the territory of, 610-11; financial transfers to, suspended, 614; Netanyahu's dispute with, 614; takes control of Bethelhem, 628;

761

Israel

Palestinian Authority (continued) and the Road Map, 636; elections in (2006), 638; 'unity government' in, 638; turmoil in, 643-4; Abbas takes control of (2007),647; Olmert meets Abbas on territory of, 648; and the revived peace process (2007),655-6

Palestinian Autonomy: rejected, 398; a proposal for, 481; and Camp David, 492, 494-5, 497; and the Murphy mission, 527-8; and the Washington talks, 549; Rabin's proposals for, 552, 553; and the Oslo negotiations, 559, 561, 562, 585; and the peace process, 573, 579, 582, 593

Palestinian Council: condemns closure of occupied territories, 593

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): created, 352; and the 1967 war, 377; terrorist actions by, 404, 418, 466, 486, 490, 515, 519; and 'Black September', 417; and the aftermath of the October War, 463; and the Rabat Summit, 466, 482; and the United States, 468; and municipal elections (West Bank and Gaza Strip, 1976), 471; not 'an acceptable partner', 476; and the call for a 'homeland' for (1977), 477; and Jordan, 482; to be excluded, 483; shelling by, 503, 504; and the Lebanon War (1982), 505, 506, 507, 508, 511, 512; and southern Lebanon, 513; and an Israeli reprisal raid, 519; and the intifada (uprising), 525, 557; recognized by Arab Democratic Party (of Israel), 527; and Hamas, 528; and an Israeli proposal (1989), 538; a call for talks with (1991), 548; talks begin with (1993), 559-61, 562-4; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 565, 566-7; and the Casablanca economic conference, 578

Palestinian nationalism: 620 Palestinian Police (of the Palestinian

Authority): and the search for terrorists, 579; rescue an Israeli soldier, 649; kill Israeli settler, 654-5

Palestinian Presidential Guard: 638, 647 Palestinian State: , in prospect, 621, 622,

626, 635-6; and the Road Map, 637; and the Annapolis conference (2007), 653; planned at Annapolis (2007) to come into being by the end of 2008, 655, 656

Palmach: active in Syria, 110; raids a

detention camp, 130-1; action by, against the British, 132, 133; and the struggle in Palestine (November 1947 to May 1948), 151, 155, 162, 163, 173, 174,175,177,178, 184-5; and the War of Independence, 206, 209, 218, 222, 223, 242; and the Irgun, 229; and a memorial meeting to Rabin, 591; remembered, 603

Palmach National Command: dissolved, 229-30

Pan-Arabism: and the Suez crisis, 315; and the prelude to war in 1967, 362

Pan Crescent (refugee ship): diverted, 158

Pan York (refugee ship): diverted, 158 Paraghanian, Garabed: killed, 135 parachutists (Palestinian Jews): 102, 119,

268; a question by (1967), 401 Pardes Hannah: founded, 62 Paris: 10, 12, 18, 27, 37, 134, 312, 313,

315-6, 326, 361, 544, 624; an Israeli­Palestinian initiative in, 634; cafes of, rivalled, 650; and the renewed Israeli­Palestinian peace process (2007), 656

Paris Peace Conference (1919): 37, 41, 42

Paris protocol (1994): a unilateral cancellation of (1997),614

Park Avenue (New York): awaiting a newspaper in, 191

Park Hotel (Hebron): and a deception, 405

partition (of Palestine): proposed, 87-9, 116, 118, 138, 141, 148, 199, 400; recalled, 402

Passfield, Lord: meets Palestinian Arabs, 64; warned by Weizmann, 65

Passover: 116, 173, 198, 520; and Hebron, 405; and a political scandal, 602

'Passover Massacre' (2002): 625 Patria (French ocean liner): refugees on,

and a tragedy, 105-9 Patriot missiles: in Israel, 547 Pazner, Avi: a diplomat, 270 Pazner, Chaim: a diplomat, 270 Peace Generation: established, 604 'Peace in Sight' programme: 634 Peace Now: a founder of, speaks out,

501; a demonstration by, prevented, 503; a demonstration by, in protest at the Lebanon War, 507; participates in a protest, 509; its public questioning,

762

Index

510-11; and other peace groups, 604, 608; and a 'compromise', 615

'Peace with Security': an election slogan (1996),594

'Peace Women' fashions: 634 Pearl Fishers (Bizet): in Jerusalem, 352 Pearlman, Maurice (later Moshe):

witnesses the foundation of a settlement, 82-4; describes a battle, 194-5; and the coming of war in 1973, 428-9

Pearson, Lester: and Canada's recognition of Israel, 243

Peel, Lord: heads a Royal Commission to Palestine, 78, 81, 86

Peel Commission: and the future of the Palestine Mandate, 78, 79, 81, 82, 86-9, 116, 138, 612

Peki'in (Galilee): Jewish settlement in, since ancient times, 3; all but one family flee from, 80

Peled, Benjamin: paints the first star, 200; and a possible Arab war plan, 424

Peled-Elchanan, Nurit: blames the government, 615

Peres, Shimon: his help, xii; reaches Palestine, 70; visits Gulf of Akaba, 73-4; at Ben Shemen youth village, 94-5, 103; and an expedition, 116-7; at Basle (1946), 139-40; at Haganah high command (1947), 144; at General Staff headquarters (1948), 195-6, 211-2, 214-5; and Israel's navy, 269; and the Negev, 271, 577; and Israel's airforce, 273-4; and the philosophy of the religious Parties, 276; and arms supplies from France, 300, 315; becomes Director-General at the Ministry of Defence, 301; and the Suez crisis, 312-3, 315-6, 317; and a reprisal action, 314; and the Sinai campaign, 324, 326; and the aftermath of Sinai, 331; and 'the most extraordinary speech ever made by a Prime Minister', 342; and the affair of the German scientists, 349; and a new political Party, 357-9; and the Six Day War, 384, 385; and the October War, 451; calls for an all-Party government (1974),464; becomes Minister of Defence, 465; and Israeli settlements on the West Bank, 470; and the election of PLO mayors, 471; and the Good Fence, 471; and the Entebbe

rescue, 472-3; challenges Rabin for leadership, 475; elected leader, 477; acting Prime Minister, 477; resigns after the 1977 General Election, 479; in opposition, 485; supports Camp David, 493; and the 1981 General Election, 498-9; and the Lebanon War (1982), 504, 506; and southern Lebanon, 516; becomes Prime Minister (1984), 516; his leadership, 517-8; no longer Prime Minister, holds secret talks with King Hussein, 523; and the London Agreement (1987), 523-4; becomes Minister of Finance (1988), 532; seeks to end National Unity Government (1990), 543-4; fails to form a government (1990), 544-5; and the intifada, 550; as Foreign Minister (1992-5), 556; visits Belarus, 556-7; and Israeli-PLO talks (in Oslo), 559, 560,560-1,562-4; and Jordan, 568, 571-2; and the Cairo Agreement (4 May 1994), 570; and the Casablanca economic conference (30 October 1994), 576-7; and water, 577; entrusted with autonomy negotiations (1995), 579, 580, 581-2, 583; and Oslo 11,585; becomes Prime Minister (1995), 588; his eulogy at Rabin's funeral, 590; Arafat's condolence call to, 591; Leah Rabin's appeal to, 592; his warning to Arafat, after a bus bomb, 592; his anger, 593; calls a General Election, 593; and Operation Grapes of Wrath, 593-4; and the 1993 General Election, 594-5; 'We shall continue to dream together .. .', 595; and a controversial tunnel, 596; his appeal to Netanyahu, 596-7; and a divisive Bill in the Knesset, 603; and the national flag, 606; his settlement policy reversed, 609; and Arafat's obligations, 612; and Rabin's legacy, 619; his Peace Centre, 615, 633; joins Kadima, 636; becomes Foreign Minisiter (2006), 639; elected President (2007), 648; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648; 'Permit me to be a dreamer .. .', 652

Peres, Sonia: 'I sought to impress her', 95

Peres Centre for Peace: launched (1996), 615; active across the Israeli­Palestinian divide, 633, 634

763

Israel

Peretz, Amir: leads the Labour Party, 636; becomes Defence Minister, 639; and the Hizballah-Israel War, 640, 646; denounces abuse against Arabs, 643; resigns, 646

Peretz, 1.1.: and Jewish national aspirations, 4

Peretz, Shulamit Cohen: on Memorial Day, 603

Peretz, Rabbi Yitzhak: enters government, 532; reappointed, 545

Persia: Jews from, 4, 23, 55, 403, 519, 603; and oil, 141; see also index entry for Iran

Persian Gulf: and the Arab world, 75, 76; and the Iraq war, 546; and a regional blueprint, 564

Persky, Yitzhak: reaches Palestine, 70 Peru: and Jewish refugees, 95; and

Palestine, 149; earthquake in, Israel sends aid to, 650

Petah Tikvah: founded, 4; problems in, 6, 9; a settler in, 24; and Arab labour, 25; the first co-operative society founded in, 26; an experimental farm near, 44; defended, 47; and jewish immigration, 144; an airfield near, and a secret mission, 307

Petra Gordan): and the Arava Valley Crossing, 572

Phalange: Israel's ally, 509; and Sabra and Chatila, 510

Phil adelphi Road (Gaza Strip): weapons smuggled through, 642

Philadelphia (USA): 26, 213; Golda Meir's visit to (1970), 415-6

Philippe, Edis de: and the National Opera, 170

Philippines, the: Israel opens relations with, 288; foreign workers from, 613

Philistines: a battle against, recalled, 44; a sea god of, recalled, 290; a city of, and a modem town, 296

Philo of Alexandria: remembered, 78 PlAT (anti-tank weapon): 193, 194-5,

220 Picot, Georges: and the aftermath of the

Sinai campaign, 330-1; and the road to war in 1967, 369, 370-1

Pierre Koenig Street Gerusalem): 300 Pineau, Christian: and Suez, 317, 326 Pines, Yehiel Michael: helps pioneers,

7-8; and the Hebrew language, 8; remembered, 72

Pinsker, Judah Leib: 'return to the soil' advocated by, 5; helps pioneers, 8; remembered, 30

Pinter, Harold: campaigns, 522 The Pioneer: seeks immigrants, 36 Pius X, Pope: and Palestine, 22 'Plagues of Egypt': and the history of

mankind, 116 Plan D (of the Haganah): 166-7, 171,

174,176, 181, 182, 183, 184,216 Ploesti (Roumania): a Jewish

philanthropist from, 55 Plonsk (Poland): a Jewish pioneer from,

24 Po'alei Agudat Yisrael (political Party):

and a political crisis, 474 Poland: Jews from, journey to Palestine

(1777), 3; economic measures against Jews of (1924), 49-50; Jews reach Palestine from, 51, 55, 70, 71, 72, 76, 85, 90, 91, 96, 98; anti-Jewish sentiment in, 65, 95; partition of (1939),99; and the Second World War, 100, 109, 113, 114; Jews from, after 1945, 122, 125, 130, 136, 194, 258, 264, 352; murders in, after 1945, 134; supports partition, 150; and the jewish religious Parties, 277; Soviet Jews in transit through, 536-7; Israeli schoolchildren visit, 556

Poles: and Jewish identity, 123, 147 Polish soldiers (in Palestine): 162 Pollard, Jonathan: imprisoned, 523 Polotov, Chaim: killed, 164 Poppendorf (Germany): Jews interned

at, 146 Popular Front (France): its leader

remembered, 114 Popular Front for the Liberation of

Palestine - General Command: a hang-glider attack by, 524

Porath, Zipporah: and 'every shock and sorrow', 164; 'Is there no end to it?', 170; at a concert, 223-4; 'everything exploded', 224; and a 'parade of soldiers', 240-1

Poraz, Captain Nir: killed during a rescue mission (994), 573

Poraz, Maoz: killed in action (973), 573 Port de Bouc (France): refugees refuse

to land at, 146 Port Said (Egypt): seized, 326; and the

War of Attrition, 410; and the coming of war in 1973, 431

764

Index

Portland Trust: helps Palestinian economy, 646-7, 656

Portugal: and the October War, 448; and the 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468

Porush, Rabbi Menachem: enters government, 277

Poseidon, S.S.: and illegal immigration, 9~

Powell, Colin: and targeted assassinations, 624-5

Prague (Czechoslovakia): a Zionist Congress in, 72; a Revisionist Zionist Congress in, 91-2; a trial in, 286

Pravda (newspaper): and Israel, 226 Presidential Elections (USA): 317,475 Preventive Security Service (of the

Palestinian Authority): 601 'Prisoners of Zion': campaigns on behalf

of,520 Progressive Party: wins seats, 252; a

member of, enters Cabinet, 252-3; transformed into the Liberal Party, 343

Project Renewal: a blueprint for poor neighbourhoods, 484-5

Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion: distributed, 255

Provisional Council of State: established, 164; summoned, 180; rejects cease-fire call, 182; and a telegram to Weizmann, 191; its first legislative act, 196; and the Altalena, 212

Provisional Government: and the Altalena, 211; replaced by a regular Cabinet, 253

Pryce-Jones, David: and the October War, 452-3; and Israeli 'intransigence' towards the Arabs, 613

Psalms: and a settlement's name, 4-5, 114-5

Public Defender's Office (Israel): critical of prison conditions, 643

Puerto Rico: pilgrims from, killed, 419; an immigrant from, lights a torch, 603-4

Pumbeditha Academy (Babylon): recalled, 20

Pundak, Dr Ron: and the Oslo talks (1993),559

al-Punduk: an Israeli settler killed near, 654-5

Qatar: and an agreement with Israel (1995), 586; a representative from, at

Rabin's funeral (1995), 589; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Qeitiya (Arab village): expulsions from, 234

Quandt, William B.: and Israeli-Egyptian talks, 476; and Israel's presence in Lebanon, 483

Quartet, the (United States, United Nations, European Union, Russia): enters Middle East peace process (2002), 626; and the Palestinian economy, 638; Tony Blair its Middle East Envoy (2007), 647-8,

Quay Fort (Suez Canal): and the October War, 432

Qubeiba: a radio transmitter blown up at, 302

Qumran (Dead Sea): ancient scrolls discovered at, 295

Rabat Summit (1969): and Israel, 411-2 Rabat Summit (1974): and the PLO, 466,

482 Rabin, Leah: reaches Palestine, 72; and

the political crisis of 1976, 474-5; and her husband's first premiership, 476, 477; and the Lebanese War (1982), 507; and Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, 518-9; and her husband's secret meeting with King Hussein (1985), 519; and the political crisis of 1990, 545; abuse shouted at (1995), 584; Arafat's visit of condolence to, 591

Rabin, Yitzhak: his assassination recalled, x; his father reaches Palestine, 37; and the assassination of Arlosoroff, 72; and an air raid on Tel Aviv, 100; and a Haganah raid into Lebanon, 110-11; and a raid on a detention camp, 130-1; and a raid on a house in Tel Aviv, 133-4; and Ben­Gurion, 143-4; and the struggle in Palestine (November 1947 to May 1948), 163, 173, 174; and the Declaration of Independence, 188-9; and the War of Independence, 198, 201,207,218,231,242,245; and the overseas volunteers, 201; and reprisal actions, 315; and a 'foul-up', 333; and an alert, 334; urges Ben-Gurion not to resign, 350-1; and a war crisis, 353; and reprisals against Fatah, 356, 363;

765

Israel

Rabin, Yitzhak (continued) and the call for a pre-emptive strike (1967), 367; and the southern front, 367; and the road to war (1967), 369, 370, 376, 378, 380, 381; and the Six Day War, 384-5, 385-6, 386, 387, 388-90, 391, 392, 393, 393-4; 'sorrow and shock prevails', 394-5; and a 'Song of Peace', 400, 587, 589; and the War of Attrition, 411, 413; and 'a smug aura', 423; and the coming of war in 1973, 428; and the aftermath of the October War, 463-4; becomes Prime Minister (1974), 465; his 'peace doctrine' (1975), 468-9; and jewish settlement on the West Bank, 470; and the confiscation of Arab land, 471; and the Entebbe rescue, 472, 473; and a vote of no-confidence (1976), 474-5; and negotiations in Washington (1977), 476-7; resigns (1977), 477; his 'doctrine' maintained, 481; his controversial memoirs, 485-6; and Sadat's visit to Israel, 488-9; and the 1981 General Election, 498; and the Lebanon War (1982), 504, 507; and the withdrawal from Lebanon (1985), 518-9; and secret negotiations with King Hussein (1985), 519; and the release of 1,150 Palestinian prisoners, 519; and the intifada, 526, 537, 543; as Minister of Defence, 532; and Soviet Jewry, 535; and the fate of the National Unity Government (1990), 543-4, 545; becomes Prime Minister (1992), 551; sets out his philosophy and his aims (13 July 1992), 551-5; flies to Cairo, 555; flies to the United States, 556; and the Oslo talks (993), 559, 561, 562; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 564-7, 569; and Syria, 568; and terror, 569-70, 571, 575-6, 579, 582, 584; and Jordan, 571-2, 573-4; and a kidnapping, 573; and suicide bombings, 574, 575, 579; visits Moscow (1994), 575; and the Israel­Jordan peace treaty, 576; and the Casablanca economic conference, 577-8; and a would-be assassin, 579, 581, 583; and the 'New Middle East', 580-1; and Oslo II, 582, 583, 584, 585; denounced, 583, 586; at the Amman Economic Conference (October 1995), 586; at a rally for peace (November

1995), 586-7; assassinated, 587; his funeral, 216, 274, 588-91; and a threat to the President of the Supreme Court, 595; recalled, 597, 598; his settlement policy reversed, 609, 615; and 'a heritage of deep truth', 619

Rabin, Yuval: his unexpected orders, 428; 'not the father of', 566; and the Peace Generation, 604

Rabin-Pelossof, Dalia: and targeted assassinations, 624

Rabinowitz, Shlomo: to take command, 196, 197

Rachel (the poet): and an 'eternal effort', 551

Radar Hill (Jerusalem Corridor): 205, 221

Raday, Frances: and human rights, 651 Rafa: detention camp at, 133-4; railway

line to, attacked, 231; fighting near, 242-4; an advance on, 246; a flight above, 247; troops to withdraw from, 247; and the Sinai campaign, 322; and the intifada, 561

Rafa Salient: to be retained, 406; construction at, 423; to be given up, 494, 499

Rafi: a new political Party, 357-9; returns to the Labour fold, 380; calls for an all-Party government, 464

Rafid (Golan Heights): fighting at, 433, 434

Rakah Party (New Communist List): and the West Bank, 399, 400, 471

Rajoub, Jabril: 621 Ramallah: not captured (1948), 216;

refugees reach, 218; and Israeli occupation (from 1967), 405; a jewish settlement near (1977), 486; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; under the Palestinian Authority (from 1995), 597; and the revival of the death penalty (1997), 601; and Palestinian rights in Jerusalem, 608; Arafat confined in, 627; Hamas-Fatah clashes in, 644; Portland Trust office in, 646; Rice meets Abbas in, 648

Ramat Gan: headquarters at, 195, 211; Scud missiles hit, 547; a suicide bomb in, 574, 575, 576, 580; executions in, 629-30

Ramat Ha-Kovesh: a Fatah attack on, 354

Ramat Magshimim (Golan Heights):

766

Index

overrun, 434 Ramat Rahel: battle for (1948), 196, 197;

archaeologists killed at (1956), 313, 315

Ramat Yohanan: fighting near (1948), 171

Ramie: battle for (1948), 216-8; settled by Jewish immigrants (after 1949), 266; flags draped in black in, 296; an ambush near, 302; Arabs of, 344, 485-6; the exodus of, recalled, 519

Ramon, Haim: and 'the Wall', 631; charges against, 643

Ramon, Han: in space, 627-8 Ramon Crater (Negev): a new

community near, 273 Ramot Naftali: besieged, 175 Rangoon (Burma): a Socialist

conference at, 288 Ranimat, Mahmoud Abdel Khader: his

act of terror, 601 al-Rantisi, Abdel Azzis: orgainses a

murderous attack, 627; assassinated, 629

Rapoport, Pnina: the victim of a suicide bomber, 574

Ras al-Ain (Arab village): Jewish immigrants lay a railway track towards, 44; battle at, 219; an immigrant camp at, 261; for subsequent index entries see Rosh Ha­Ayin

Ras al-Amud (East Jerusalem): Jewish homes in, 616

Ras Burka (Sinai): killings at, 500 Ras Sudar (Gulf of Suez): and the

October War, 443 Rav Ashi Street (Tel Aviv): a 'private

citizen' from, 566 Raviv, Moshe: 'Why were we silent?',

591 Razmara, General Ali: assassinated, 274 Reagan-Gorbachev Summit: and Soviet

Jews, 521 Reagan Plan: announced (1982), 508 Red Army: and a rumour, 161; soldiers

of, in synagogue, 226 Red Brigade: a terror action by, 419 Red Cross (International Committee of the

Red Cross): and the War of Independence, 183,239; and the October War, 433; and the intifada, 533; and the plight of 415 deportees, 558

Red House (Tel Aviv): Haganah High Command at, 144

Red Sea: 116, 167, 247, 302, 332, 368, 369,406; and a flight to Washington (1993), 565; and a proposed canal (1994),572

Refidim (Sinai): air base at, 492 Refugee Department (of British Foreign

Office): 124 Regev, Elad: kidnapped, 640 Rehov Hapo'alim Qerusalem): 281 Rehovot: founded, 9; and a co-

operative, 26; defended, 27; research at, 69; Weizmann at, 89, 278; an Institute of Science at, 268; a fedayeen raid near, 302; an agricultural faculty at, 407

Remez, David: his proposal, 164; and statehood, 191

Rendel, George: and Palestine, 89 Reshef, Colonel Amnon: and the

October War, 446, 447 Reshef, Tsali: speaks out, 501-2 Resolution 242: and the future of the

occupied West Bank, 398--9, 414, 523 Resolution 338: and the October War,

457; and a 'just and durable peace', 463; and the London Agreement, 523

Resolution 799: demands return of deportees, 558

Reuter's News Agency: and an ominous report, 427

Revadim: founded, 114; surrounded, 161-2, 178; captured, 185

Revisionists: their founder's work, 47, 68; an extremist faction of, 71-2; and the aftermath of a murder, 72; and Jewish immigration, 75-7; a World Congress of, 91-2; and a death sentence, 93; and their founder's death, 110; and the Declaration of Independence, 188; and Ben-Gurion, 250; and a candidate for the Presidency, 300; out of power, 344; and the Land of Israel movement, 400; and the 1996 General Election, 594

Revivim (originally Tel Zofim): founded, 114-5; surrounded, 156; liberated, 242; and the prelude to war in 1967, 379; and a war crisis, 428

Rex Cinema Qerusalem): set on fire, 158 Rhodes: armistices negotiated at, 248--9,

253; recalled, 476

767

Israel

Rice, Condoleezza: visits Middle East (2000), 628; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648, 653, 656

Richter, Glenn: and Soviet jewry, 520 al-Rifati, Mohammed: killed, 647 Riga (Latvia): jews from 9; Betar

founded in, 43; an incident in, 93 Rimalt, Elimeleh: and reparations, 280 Rishon Ie-Zion: founded, 6-7; Ben­

Gurion at, 24, 25; an Association of Wine Growers in, 26; protected, 27; a settlement founded near, 29; and jewish postwar immigration, 144

Rivlin, David: and the premiership succession (1969), 408-9

roadblocks and checkpoints (West Bank): 631, 633, 634; searches at, to be 'less strict', 643; some to be removed, 648

road deaths (Israel): 645 Road Map (for Peace): launched (2002),

626,627; proceeds, 628, 630; Kadima supports, 636; Olmert pursues, 637; Hamas rejects, 638; and the renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007), 653, 655

Rodolfo (in La Boheme): a Tel Aviv debut as, 351

Rogers, William P.: brokers a cease-fire, 414, 415; his plan recalled, 477

Roitberg, Roi: killed by infiltrators, 311-2

Rohlings, August: denounces jews, 18 Romans: recalled, 41, 113, 122, 163, 235;

an old road of, re-used, 242; and a new kibbutz, 264; and an immigrant camp, 266-7, 273; and Masada, 267, 351; and Bar Kochba's revolt, 341; and an ancient town, 343; and a 'historical catastrophe', 360-1; and the Diaspora, 519

Rome: an ambassador in, and jewish emigration, 124; terrorism at, 624; cafes of, rivalled, 650

Rome and jerusalem (Moses Hess): and jewish nationality, 4

Romema (Jerusalem): Arabs leave, 163 Ron, Chaim: and an expedition, 116 Roosevelt, President Franklin D.: his

rural retreat, and the Middle East peace process, 491

Roscher-Lund, Colonel: in jerusalem, 164-5; his warning, 178

Rosen, Pinhas: enters Cabinet, 252-3; and the 'Lavon Affair', 338, 339

Rosen, Rolly: and the 'ethnic devil', 604 Rosenblatt, Zevi: charged with murder,

72 Rosh Ha-Ayin: and an immigrant camp,

261-2; becomes a farming village, 272 Rosh Ha-Nikrah: founded, 264 Rosh Pinah: founded, 4-5, 6; a

settlement founded near, 137; and the withdrawal of British troops from Palestine, 175; and the Arabs near, 177; an immigrant camp near, 288

Ross, Dennis: and the Oslo Accords, 564; and the extension of Palestinian autonomy, 583; a mediator during the Hebron talks, 598

Rotblat, Professor joseph: his appeal, 522-3

Rothschild family: and Palestine, 5, 10, 18

Rothschild, Baron Edmond de: supports early jewish settlements, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13,26

Rothschild, Dorothy de: a benefactress, 97--8

Rothschild, Hannah: remembered, 62 Rothschild, Lord (Lionel Walter

Rothschild): and the Balfour Declaration, 34

Roumania: jews from, in Palestine, 4, 22,27,30,44,55,76,96; and the jewish (later Israeli) anthem, 7; anti­Semitic policies in, 65, 95; British anti-refugee pressure on, 98, 119, 136; survivors from, reach Palestine, 196, 198, 199; immigrants from, reach Israel, 233, 259, 266, 352; mediates, 482; Soviet jews in transit through, 536-7; foreign workers from, 613

Rousso, Claire: killed, 135 Royal Air Force: and a parachutist, 102;

attacks an Arab stronghold, 159; small aircraft purchased from, 189; an Israeli clash with, 247

Royal Albert Hall (London): Balfour's speech in, 119; a memorial meeting to Rabin in, 591

Royal Commission on Alien Immigration: Herzl's evidence to, 21

Royal Fusiliers: jewish battalions of, 36 Royal Navy: intercepts would-be

immigrants, 105, 145; and the Israeli navy, 269

Royal Palace (Akaba): negotiations at, 572

768

Index

Rubin, Gail: murdered, 490 Rubin, Reuven: at a concert, 224 Rubinstein, Amnon: and a protest

movement, 479; and the formation of a new political Party, 532

Rubinstein, Aryeh: and a controversial debate, 502

Rubinstein, Elyakim: and negotiations with Jordan (1994), 572; and a political scandal (1997), 602

Rufeisen, Samuel (Father Daniel): and the Law of Return, 270--1

Ruhama (Negev): air base near, 225; airlift through, 231

Ruheiba: an ancient city, 242 Rumbold, Sir Horace: a Commissioner,

81, 86 Ruppin, Hannah: 'I am a Pessimist', 494 Rubitzov, Nehemia: reaches Palestine,

37; volunteers, 47; detained, 133-4 Rubitzov, Rosa: her son cursed, 585 Ruppin, Arthur: and Jewish agricultural

settlement in Palestine, 25, 26; and a Jewish university, 29; expelled, 30; and land purchase, 46, 64; and financial problems for immigration, 55-6; and the riots of 1929, 61-2; remembered, 91; and the Nazi-Soviet pact, 99; and 'bringing five million Jews to Palestine', 112

Rusk, Dean: and the coming of war in 1967, 372, 378, 381-2

Russia (Tsarist Russia): Jews from, emigrate to Palestine, 5, 6, 7, 8-9, 22, 27, 30, 287; and Herzl, 10, 12; and Jewish self-defence, 18; and Jewish military volunteers, 36; a spokesman for, 41; for subsequent entries see Soviet Union

Russia (post-Communist): Jewish immigration to Israel from, 575; diversion of resources to, 580; and the sale of weapons technology to Iran, 614

Russian Jewry: 'sorely tried', 138 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party:

admits Jewish revolutionary socialists, 16

Russo-Japanese War (1904-5): a Jewish veteran of, 31

Rutenberg, Pinhas: his concession, 40, 88

Rutenberg concession (River Jordan): granted . . . but to be excluded, 88

Ruthenians: national aspirations of, 11

Sa'adi, Lieutenant-Colonel: and Jordanian-Israeli relations, 299

Saban, Shoshana: 'we continue to suffer ... ',606-7

Sabel, Robbie: and the future of the West Bank, 494-5

Sabena (Belgian airlines): and a highjacking, 418

Sabra and Chatila (refugee camps): massacre at, 509-10; aftermath of, 512

'Sabras' (native-born Israelis): 78, 264, 268, 335, 486

Sabri, Akrime: and the denial of a Muslim burial, 601

Sachar, Howard M.: a historian reflects on the Lebanon War (1982), 506, 509, 511

Sacher, Harry: and the 1929 riots, 64 Sacher, Miriam: and a hoped-for

meeting place, 85 Sadat, Lieutenant-Colonel Anwar el-: and

the deposing of a king, 274; and the October War (1973), 427, 435, 449, 455, 456; and the aftermath of the October War, 468, 476, 481; and the path to peace with Israel, 482-3; visits Israel, 487-9; and the evolution of an Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty, 489-93; assassinated, 499; his 'courage' recalled, 554; his tomb visited, 576; his successor at Rabin's funeral, 589

Saddam Hussein: orders the invasion of Kuwait, 546; and suicide bombers, 624

Sadeh, Yitzhak: 45; and night patrols, 81; and 'defence through attack', 85-6; and a new settlement, 92-3; and the night ambush, 93; and a Palmach action, 110; and a Palmach expedition, 116, 117; and the struggle for independence, 173

Safed: Jews from, establish a village, 4, 6; battle for (1948), 174-5, 177; fighting near (1948), 235; pupils from, in a terrorist attack, 466; a boy from, becomes Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority, 627

Saguy, General Yehoshua: criticized, 510; resigns, 511

Said, Edward W.: and Palestinian frustration, 549

Said, Hassan: shoots an ambassador, 503

769

Israel

St Jerome (Marseille): refugees at, 254 St John's Hospice Oerusalem): purchased

by Jews, 524 St John's Hospital (East Jerusalem): 634 St Ottilien (near Munich): Displaced

Persons at, 123 St Petersburg (Russia): Herzl visits, 22;

see also Leningrad Sakaria (refugee ship): hostile reaction

to, 101 Salah ed-Din Street Oerusalem): and the

intifada, 540 Salameh (near Tel Aviv) a target, 162 Salameh, Hassan: his headquarters

attacked, 168 Salonica (Greece): Jewish dockworkers

of, 50 ai-Salt (Transjordan): Turks driven from,

37 Salzberger, Lotte: and human rights, 533 Salzburg: an Israeli-Palestinian initiative

in, 634 Samaria: a kibbutz set up in, 113; Arab

refugees seek safety of, 218; an ancient Jewish kingdom in, 397; carpenters of, 403; 'our homeland', 422; the name of, revived, 480; Begin's proposal for, 481; Rabin's proposal for, 552; Jewish settlements in, frozen, 555; a proposed Israeli corridor through, 610; parts of, to be retained by Israel, 612; Jewish settlements in, to be expanded, 616

Samson: his birthplace, 221; and the Philistine sea god, 290

Samua (West Bank): Israeli reprisal raid on, 363-4

Samuel, Book of: and a spy ring, 33 Samuel, Sir Herbert: in Palestine, 48, 49 San'a (Yemen): Jews from, 263 Sandstrom, Emil: and Palestine, 145, 148 Sapir, Pinhas: and the emergence of

Golda Meir as Prime Minister, 407-8, 409; opposes West Bank settlements, 423, 424; provides funds for settlements, 425

Sarafand: Detention Camp at, 100, 101, 103; army base at, 212

Sarajevo (Yugoslavia): a Jew from, 183 Saris (Arab village): occupied, 168;

levelled to the ground, 196 Sarraj, Dr Iyad: and the psychology of

the suicide bomber, 569 Sa'sa' (Arab village): abandoned, 264 Sasa: founded, 264

Sassa (Syria): and the October War, 454 Sasson, Eliahu: meets Abdullah, 150 Sassoon, Yehezkel: remembered, 44 Saudi Arabia: and the Arab nation, 76;

opposes Jewish immigration, 97; in the Middle East, 120; and oil, 141; and Israel's War of Independence, 193, 232; opposes recognition, 254; and the United States, 273; a threat from, 309; an uncompromising stance by, 332; and 'a cheque for a billion dollars', 451; and 'petro-dollar diplomacy', 460-1; troops of, in Syria, 466; supports 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 468; refuses to join Camp David talks, 491; and the Gulf War, 546; supports Road Map, 627; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Saul: his encampment, 44; a witch visited by, 205

Saving Children Project: 634 Savir, Uri: and the Oslo talks, 563 Scandinavia: Jews 'comfortable' in, 147 Schapira, Hermann: and a Jewish

university, 8, 20 Schatz, Boris: founds an art school, 27 Schiff, Ze'ev: and the status of Israeli

Arabs, 292; his reflections on the Lebanon War (1982), 512

Schneersohn, Rabbi Joseph Isaac: and a Hasidic centre in Israel, 305

Schoenau (Austria): refugee camp at, 426

Schultz, George: and the London Agreement, 523

Schwimmer, AI: acquires aircraft, 200; builds aircraft, 273-4

Scorpion Ascent (Negev): a terrorist attack at, 294

Scud missiles: strike Israel, 546-7 Sde Boker: founded, 277-8; Ben-Gurion

retires to, 293, 294; a visit to, 297; Ben­Gurion emerges from, 356; Ben-Gurion returns to, 358

Sde Dov airfield (Tel Aviv): an attack on, 189; aircraft prepared at, 189-90

Sde Eliyahu: founded, 98 Sde Nahum: founded, 85 Sde Nehemyah: founded, 102 Sderot: rocket attacks on, from Gaza,

629, 639, 644, 645, 654; an initiatve by the mayor of, 632

Sdom (the biblical Sodom): relieved, 240, 358; an evacuation to, 249;

770

Index

murders at, 314; and the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, 573

Sdot Yam: founded, 102 'sealed rooms': and the Gulf War, 547 Sebastia: a new settlement near, 470 Second Aliyah (immigration to Palestine):

22-3,24,50,68 second intifada (Palestinian uprising):

621, 623, 634 Second Temple: destruction of (by the

Romans), 519 Second World War: 93, 100-20; and a

1990s dispute, 612 Second Zionist Congress (Basle, 1898):

16-7, 17 Security Zone (Southern Lebanon):

Israeli military support in, 518; bombardment in, 594; controversy surrounding, 599-600

Sejera: a collective farm, 26, 27 Sela, Miri: and southern Lebanon, 606 Semiramis Hotel Qerusalem): an attack

on, 159 Senegal: and Israel, 332 Separation Barrier (The Wall'): 630-1,

632, 650-1 Sephardi List (political Party): 250, 252 Sephardi Torah Guardians: see Shas Serbia: Jews from, reach Palestine, 4 Sereni, Enzo: a parachutist, 119 Serot, Colonel: killed, 228 Servatius, Dr Robert: and the Eichmann

Trial, 337 settlements (Israeli): on the West Bank

and Gaza Strip, 422-3, 424-5, 466, 469-71, 475, 481-2, 483-4, 485, 486, 496, 497, 498, 500-1, 503, 513, 530, 543, 544, 550, 584, 609, 610-11, 621

'Seven Good Years': and the Casablanca conference, 577

Sevres (near Paris): a secret meeting at, 317

Sha'ar Ha-Amakim: founded, 78 Sha'ar Ha-Golan: overrun, 192 Sha'are Zedek Hospital Qerusalem): a

bomb dropped near, 246 Shabtai, Sergeant Yossi: shot dead, 562 Shach, Rabbi: his philosophy, 276; and

the electoral success of the Shas political Party, 531; and the political crisis of 1990, 545; his advice not heeded (1992), 550

Shachori, Ami: killed,419 Shadmot Devorah: founded, 97-8

al-Shafi, Haider Abd: at the Madrid Conference, 548

Shalev, Menachem: and a new 'foreboding', 541

Shalom, Shalom Salakh: hanged, 258 Shalva House (Safed): and the War of

Independence, 175, 177 Shamaa, Namal: killed by a terrorist

bomb, 157 Shamir, Elik: killed in action, 494 Shamir, Moshe: and the Land of Israel

Movement, 400; opposes Camp David, 494

Shamir, Yitzhak: and the assassination of Bernadotte, 228; abstains on Camp David, 493; opposes arbitration, 500; becomes Prime Minister, 515; and southern Lebanon 515-6; hand over to Shimon Peres, 516; returns as Prime Minister, 523; rejects the London Agreement, 523-4; becomes Prime Minister for the third time, 532; and Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union, 535, 536, 550; a peace initiative presented by, 537-8; opposes direct talks, 543; and the political crisis of 1990, 543-5; and the Madrid Conference (1991), 548; and the 1992 General Election, 550; and the new settlement building freeze, 555; his settlement policy restored, 609

Shangri La: see Camp David Shapira, Abraham: and self-defence, 9,

47 Shapira, Moshe: criticizes a reprisal raid,

290; opposes retaliation, 314; and the prospect of war (in 1967), 375

Shapira, Yaakov Shimshon: prosecutes, 358

Shapira, Zigi: dismantles mines, 236 Shapiro, Moshe: and non-kosher meat,

247-8 a-Sharaa, Farouk: at the Madrid

Conference, 548 Sharef, Ze'ev: Tel Aviv is rejoicing', 190 Sharett, Moshe (formerly Moshe Shertok):

in detention, 133; in charge of foreign policy for the Jewish Agency, 139, 224, 243,245-6; becomes Foreign Minister, 253, 254; 'we are strong enough to wait', 254-5; addresses immigrants, 275; signs the Luxembourg Agreement, 283-4; and a crisis with Czechoslovakia, 285; and Asia,

771

Israel

Sharett, Moshe (continued) 288; and reprisal actions, 292, 298-9; becomes Prime Minister, 294; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295; and the 'Lavon Affair', 297, 357; and relations with the United States, 304-5; and secret talks, with Egypt, 308

Sharir, Avraham: won over, 544 Sharm el-Sheikh: and the Suez Crisis,

318; and the Sinai campaign, 325; and a warning, 334; and the war crisis of 1967, 366, 368; and the Six Day War, 387; to be retained, 406; and the October War, 438; and the aftermath of the October War, 462; and the Entebbe rescue, 472; its future discussed, 476; an air base at, 492; returned to Egypt, 493; a conference against terrorism at, 593; Abbas and Sharon meet at (2004), 632; Abbas ansd Olmert meet at (2007), 647

Sharon, Dr Amir: pioneering research of, 650

Sharon, Ariel: in action (1948), 197, 198; leads Unit 101, 289-90; and a reprisal action, 314; and the Sinai campaign, 320, 321-2; and a warning (July 1973), 424; and the October War, 436, 437, 439,443,446,447,449,458; and the formation of the Likud bloc, 463; and Israeli settlements on the West Bank, 470, 485, 513; his electoral success (1977), 479-80; his proposed offer to Sadat, 487-8; and the Rafa Salient withdrawal, 500; and the Taba dispute, 500; and a soldiers' protest, 501-2; prevents demonstrations, 503; and the Lebanon War, 504, 507, 507-8, 510, 511, 515; gives up Ministry of Defence, 511; and Jewish efforts to buy property in the Arab quarters of Jerusalem, 524; and the Gulf War, 546; and Oslo II, 585; visits Temple Mount, 621; becomes Prime Minister (2001), 622-3; supports end of occupation (2003),627; launches Road Map, 628; and 'the Wall', 631; meets Abbas, 632; and the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, 635; resigns as head of Likud, 636; leads Kadima, 636, falls into a coma, 636; succeeded by Ehud Olmert, 637; does not recover, 639

Sharon, Omri: charges against, 643 Shas (political Party): its electoral

success (1988), 531, 532; and the political crisis of 1990, 545; enters the coalition (1992), 550; distributes amulets (1996), 594; and a political scandal (1997), 601-2; and a religiOUS crisis (1997), 602-3; joins Olmert's coalition (2006), 639

Shavei Shomron (West Bank): a settler from, killed, 654-5

Shaw, ].v.W.: and a 'sombre' picture, 122

Shazli, General: and the October War, 449

Shbak, Rashid Abu: a Hamas attack on, 644

Shcharansky, Anatoly (Natan Sharansky): a prisoner, 520-1; reaches Israel, 521; joins the government, 595

She'ar Yashuv: founded, 96; a helicopter crash at (1997), 599

Sheba, Dr Chaim: helps detainees, 134 Sheba, Queen of: and the Gulf of

Akaba,116 Shechnai, Assaf: killed, 155 She'erit Ha-Peletah (survivors'

organization): active in the Displaced Persons camps, 123

Sheikh Abdul Aziz (a hillside): and the Sinai campaign, 323

Sheikh Jarrah (Jerusalem): occupied, then abandoned, 174

Sheinermann, Ariel: see Sharon, Ariel Sheluhot: founded, 183 Shenkor, Zion: his story, 604 Shepherd, Naomi: and the October War,

461 Shepilov, Dmitri: at Bandung, 300 Sherbourne, Michael: and Soviet Jewry,

520 Shevardnadze, Eduard: ends direct

flights, 536; at Rabin's funeral, 589 Shfaram: an Arab city in Israel, 344 Shi'ite Muslims: a suicide attack by

(1982), 512 Shilta (Arab village): overrun, 222 Shimron: a fighter buried at, 204 Shimshelevitz, Yona: dies, 100 Shinui: a protest movement, 479;

protests, 509; and the 1988 election, 531; and the formation of a new political Party, 532

Shinwell, Emanuel: and Palestine, 141 Shishakli, Adib: leaves, 177 Shlomzion: a new political Party, 479-80

772

Index

Shmulevitz, Mattityahu: sentenced, 228 Shneerson, Aya: heads UN food

programme in Congo, 650 Shohat, Israel and Manya: exiled, 30 Shomron, Dan: in the Sinai (1973), 433;

west of the Suez Canal, 458; flies to Entebbe, 472

Shomrat: founded, 199 Shoresh: founded, 196 Shoval: founded, 137 Shtoura (Lebanon): held by Syrian

troops (1982), 506 Shuckburgh, Sir John: Weizmann's letter

to (1937), 89-90; and 'illegal' immigration, 108

Shukeiry, Ahmed: and 'no mention of Israel', 332-3; and the coming of war in 1967, 377

Shuneh (Transjordan): negotiations at, 241, 253, 254

Shu'ut (Negev): an attack near, 155 Siam, Said: establishes Hamas para­

militray force, 644; his director kidnapped, 644

Sidon (Lebanon): and the war of 1982, 505, 507; a suicide attack in, 512

Siebel, Zvi: his award, 166 Sieff, Israel: a benefactor, 69 Sierra Leone: Israeli help for, 332 Sihon, King of the Amorites: and Ben-

Gurion's question, 342 Silberman, Neil Asher: and Jewish

'nominal autonomy', 58; and a 'moment of high drama', 351

Silver, Abba Hillel: Jews will fight', 122; 'Jews were your allies', 144; and partition, 149

Silver, Eric: and the intifada, 540-1 Siman Tov, Lieutenant Benjamin: his

warning, 430, 431 Simantov, Gana: a hero, 237 Simon, Leon: and Israel's destiny, 335--6 Sinai Campaign (1956): 318--9, 320-8 Sinai Desert: 21,242; fighting in, 243-6;

a reprisal into, 305; Egyptian incursions in, 317; and the Suez crisis, 317; and the Sinai campaign, 320, 321, 322-3; Israel's withdrawal from (1957), 329, 330, 331; the PLO in, 352; Bedouin flee to, 359; remilitarized by Egypt (1967), 366, 369; and Israel's war plan (1967), 380; and the eve of war, 381; and the Six Day War, 384, 386-7, 388, 390, 391, 395; to be

retained, in part, 406; and the October War, 428, 429, 432, 433, 436-7, 438, 440,447,448,453,458,461; and the aftermath of the October War, 462, 465, 468; negotiations over (1977-9), 476,483,489; 'no bloodshed in', 487; Israel's withdrawal from, 492, 499; Israel to receive oil from, 495

Singapore: and Gaza, 563 Singer, Lynn: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Singer, Yoel: and the Oslo talks, 563 Six Day War (1967): prelude to, 353;

and the 'waiting' period, 376-83; the course of, 384-93; the burden of, 393-4; deaths in, 394; an individual killed in, 358--9; Yitzhak Rabin's reflections on, 394-5; the long-term effects of, 529-30; unfinished business of, 538; recalled, 598; and Jerusalem's municipal border, 600

Sixteenth Zionist Congress (1929): 59 Sixth Zionist Congress (1903): 22 Siansky, Rudolf: accused, 286 Slater, Robert: in conversation with

Chaim Herzog, 396; in conversation with General Ze'evi, 427

Slovakia: a Jew from, in Jerusalem, 54; a parachutist in, remembered, 196

Slovaks: national aspirations of, 11 Slovenes: national aspirations of, 11 Snobar (Golan Heights): and the

October War, 434 Sobibor death camp: 112 Social Democrats (Germany): the ideas

of, not copied, 251 Sofia (Bulgaria): Herzl in, 12; a luminary

from, 18; Jewish workers from 263; an aircraft shot down near, 301

Sokolow House (Tel Aviv): biblical questions at, 342

Sokolow, Nahum: remembered, 85 'Soldiers Against Silence': and the

Lebanon War (1982), 507 Soldiers' Welfare Committee: its appeal

(1973),438 Solei Boneh (construction company):

51-2, 272 e-Solh, Riad Bey: assassinated, 274 Solomon, Izler: conducts, 224 Solomon, King: and the Queen of

773

Sheba, 116; and a wedding present from Pharaoh, 184; an ally of, remembered, 235;

Israel

Solomon, King (continued) Israel at the time of, 253; and the location of an immigrant camp, 287-8

Song of Deborah (symphonic poem): 403

'Song of Peace': commissioned, 400; sung, 587; becomes an anthem, 589

Sonnenschein, Rosa: an early Zionist, 14 Sorek Gorge: Israel gains control of,

234; an immigrant camp near, 268 South America: immigrants from 205; an

immigrant from, killed, 614 South Africa: Russian Jews emigrate to,

5; 'closed', 65; and a new settlement, 137; a volunteer from, killed in action, 200; volunteers from, in action, 201, 222; immigrants from, in Israel, 268; and a model township, 290; a Jew from, at the White House, 480; and a comparison, 549, 551

Southern Lebanon: Israel withdraws from (949), 253; shelling from (982), 503; Israel advances through (982), 503-5; PLO supporters under arms in, 513; Israeli military control of, 515-6, 518; Hizballah active in, 530; an abduction from, 542; and the Helsinki Summit (990), 546; shelling from (996), 593; the bombardment of (996), 594; the growing debate over a withdrawal from, 599-600, 606-7; the continuing conflict in, 617

Southern Lebanese Army (SLA): Israel's support for, 518

Souwi, Saleh Nazal: a suicide bomber, 575

Soviet Communism: disillusionment with, 273

Soviet Cultural Centre (Damascus): and the October War, 439

Soviet Union: 50, 112, 150, 165, 189; Jews of, 226, 257, 286-7, 304-5, 414, 420,426-7,497,520-1; Israel's relations with, 251, 253, 279, 304-5, 326,347; and Egypt, 300, 309, 317; a warning from (956), 326; and Syria, 333, 365; and a precedent, 346; and the road to war (in 1967), 365-6, 373; and the Six Day War, 387, 388, 390,391, 393; and the occupied territories, 402; and Arab arsenals, 407; and the War of Attrition, 410; and 'Black September', 417; and the October War, 427, 431, 433, 439, 440,

441, 443-4, 445, 448, 449-51, 452, 455-6; and the aftermath of the October War, 463; seen as contributing to a 'mortal danger' to Israel, 481; to be excluded, 483; Jews from, reach Israel, 519; and the London Agreement, 523; mass Jewish emigration from, 535-6, 544, 550; and the Madrid Conference, 548; disintegration of (991), 548--9, 550

Spain: an expulsion from, remembered, 352

Special Night Squads (Palestine): established, 93

Spragg, Flight Lieutenant Brian: and a 'Yiddish' Spitfire, 247

Sprinzak, David: killed in action, 203 Sprinzak, Yosef: and a political crisis,

139 Sri Lanka tsunami (2004): Israel sends

aid for, 650 Stalin, Joseph: curbs Jewish emigration,

68; and the Nazi-Soviet pact, 99; anti­Jewish policy of, 273

Stalingrad, Siege of 0942-3): recalled, 443-4

Stanley, Oliver: defends land purchase restrictions, 104

Star of David: soldiers wear, 36; aircraft display, 200; and an Arab symbol, 236; flies at the Gulf of Akaba, 248

Stars and Stripes: in Jerusalem, 164 State Department (Washington DC):

245, 273, 327, 483 Stavsky, Avraham: charged with murder,

72; killed, 212 Steiger, Yitzhak: remembered, 91 Stern, Avraham: breaks away, 111-2 Stern, Barbara: and Soviet Jewry, 520 Stern Gang: formed, 111; and an

assassination, 118; and a promise, 119; and continuing action by, 121-2; and the Haganah, 132, 135; and the Jewish Agency, 142; and two suicides, 143; killings by, 157, 158, 159, 164; and Deir Yassin, 169; and the struggle for Palestine 0947-8), 178; and the Israel Defence Forces, 202; and the assassination of Bernadotte, 228; a fighter of, killed in action, 244; and Israel's first general election, 250; and the Land of Israel Movement, 400

Stern, Professor Menachem: murdered, 541

774

Index

Stockholm: talks at (2000), 622 Stone, Mickey: see Marcus, Colonel

David Stop the Withdrawal Movement (Rafa

Salient): 499, 500 Stork, Joe: and the rockets fired from

Gaza,649 Strasbourg (France): Golda Meir at, 426 Strathadam (frigate): brought to Israel,

254 Straus, Nathan: a philanthropist, 29; a

town named after, 62 Strauss, Franz-joseph: and the affair of

the German scientists, 349-50 Straw, Jack: condemns 'unlawful

killings', 629 Sturman, Hayyim: killed, 84 Sturman, Hayyim (grandson): killed, 84 Sturman, Moshe: killed, 84 Sudan: and the Jews of Ethiopia, 484,

497,604; and terror, 579 Sudanese Tiger: see Taha, Sayid Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia): German

rule extended to, 97 Suez-Cairo Road: and the October War,

458, 462 Suez Canal: a death near, 84; Israeli

shipping barred in, 260; an offer from Nasser concerning, 307; and the Suez crisis (956), 312, 313, 317, 318; and the Sinai campaign, 320, 324, 326; and a warning, 334, 371; and the prelude to war (967),381; and the Six Day War, 387, 390--1, 393; artillery duels across (968), 401; and the War of Attrition 0969-70), 410, 413, 414; and 'the boys at', 416; 'let them come', 423; Egyptian troop exercises on, 425; and the coming of war in 1973, 427, 429, 430--1, 432, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 442-3, 445-7, 453, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459; and the aftermath of the October War, 462, 465, 468

Suez City (Egypt): and a retaliation, 401; Israeli troops enter, 459

Suez, Gulf of: and the Sinai campaign, 325; and the October War, 441, 443, 458; and the aftermath of the October War, 468

Sugbaker, Ilana: interviews Mordechai Vanunu, 521-2

suicide bombers: kill Israelis (2001-4), 624,625,627,628,629,632; and the Separation Barrier ('The Wall'), 630,

631; forestalled, 632, 649 Suissa, Eli: and a crisis of religiOUS

interpretation, 603 Sukenik, Lipa (Eliezer): an algebra

teacher, 33; his archaeological work, 57-8; and the death of one of his sons, 203; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295

Sukenik, Mattatyahu: his family, 28; killed in action, 203

Sukenik, Yigael: see Yadin, Yigael Sukenik, Yosef (Yossi Yadin): an actor,

28 Suleiman, Ihab: kidnapped, 644 Sunday Times (London): an appeal in

(970), 411-2; revelations of Israel's atomic programme published in (986),522

Supreme Court Qerusalem): and Israeli statehood, x; a judge of, 67, 430; an acquittal in, 72; and the Law of Return, 270; and the Kastner case, 304; and the Eichmann trial, 337; and the 'Lavon Affair', 338; and the intifada, 540; attacked, 595, 604; and Palestinian rights in Jerusalem, 608; and the Security Barrier ('The Wall'), 631,650--1; upholds human rights, 650; supports an appeal by a West Bank Arab village, 652

Sura Academy (Babylon): a precedent, 20

al-Suwaidi, Tawfiq: allows Jews to leave, 257

Sweden: and Palestine, 149, 150 Swedish tourists: and a deception, 405 Sweirki, Mohammed: killed, 647 Swissair: and an act of terror, 418 Switzerland: Jewish orphans prevented

from going to, 128; and 'the Swiss', 147; weaponry sold by, 225; the army system of, 264; and a wartime deal, 303; and the German scientists affair, 349; Golda Meir in, 408; a secret visit to, 431; an immigrant from, 603; and a Second World War dispute, 612

Syria: future Jewish immigration to, proposed, 18, 19; and the Palestinian Arabs (before 1948), 61; and Arab unity, 74, 76; and the Arab world, 120; and a picturesque backdrop, 96; opposes Jewish immigration to Palestine, 97; and the Second World War, 110--11, 119, 151;

775

Israel

Syria (continued) and the Arab-Jewish struggle in Palestine, 155, 171, 177, 180, 181, 182; troops of, in action, 192-3, 208, 210, 213, 216, 236; and the Arabs of Palestine, 230; British attack on (1941), 235; opposes recognition, 254; signs armistice, 255; and Palestinian Arab refugees, 256, 262, 352; extreme nationalism in, 274; and a water crisis, 290--1, 309, 352---4; and the Sinai campaign, 323; and tension on the Golan Heights, 333---4; ambushes by, 343; and the 'liberation of Palestine', 346-7; and a war crisis (1964), 352---4; a precaution by, 354; a public hanging in (1965), 355-6; infiltrations from (1966), 361-2; escalating crisis with (1966-7), 362-3,364,365-6,377,381; and the Six Day War, 384, 385, 387, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394; and the aftermath of the Six Day War, 396, 401, 402, 413; and 'Black September', 417; mobilizes (1973), 425; resumes diplomatic relations with Jordan (1973), 427, 428; and the October War (1973), 429, 430, 431, 433---4, 438, 439, 440, 441-2, 443---4, 445, 447, 449, 450--1, 452, 454, 455, 456, 457; and the ending of the October War, 458, 459; war dead of, 459; and the aftermath of the October War, 463, 464, 465-6; and the Soviet Union, 483; and Camp David, 491, 492; and the Lebanon War, 505, 506, 508-9, 512; and a hang-glider attack, 524; and the Madrid Conference, 548; Rabin's invitation to (1992), 554; negotiations with (after Oslo), 568; and terror, 579; and the possibility 'to make peace', 587; negotiations with, continue, 593; and Lebanon, 599; 620; and a Golan withdrawal plan (1997), 607; and the constant threat of war, 618; and an Israeli satellite, 635; and the renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007),653

Syrian Heights: see Golan Heights Szenes, Hannah: reaches Palestine from

Hungary, 102; a parachutist, 119; remembered, 268

Szold, Henrietta: and Youth Aliyah, 69

Taba (Sinai): intentions of troops at (1967), 377; dispute over (1980s) 500;

negotiations at (1995), 583; talks at (2001), 622; a terrorist act in (2004), 632

Tabenkin, Yitzhak: at a farming settlement, 25; helps found a settlement, 44; helps found a movement, 56; re-enters political life, 400

Taha, Sayid: his pugnacious defence, 237-9

Tajir, Yehuda: arrested, 258 Tal Shahar: established, 233 Talal, Crown Prince: hopes to witness a

victory, 176 Talbiyeh (Jerusalem): 'increasingly ...

Jewish', 163 Tal, General Yisrael: and a war crisis

(1964), 353; and the Six Day War (1967),387; and the October War (1973), 431

Talgam, Judge Moshe: 'These acts cause me to shudder', 527

aI-Tall, Lieutenant-Colonel Abdullah: and a cease-fire, 241

The Talmud Jew (August Rohlings): 18 Talpiot (Jerusalem): a secret meeting in,

148 Taluzi, Rabiya and Muhammad: killed

by a Hizballah rocket, 640 Tamara (Arab village): vocational

training in, 345 Tamir, Shmuel: and the Kastner trial,

304; joins a new politcal Party, 478 Tanzim: and terror, 630 Tapline Road (Golan Heights): and the

October War, 433, 434 targeted assassinations: 624-5, 625-6,

627, 628 Tarshiha (Arab town): battle for, 236-7 Tartus (Syria): Soviet warships ordered

to, 444; a Soviet frieghter sunk at, 445 Tashkent (Central Asia): Jews reach

Israel from, 537 Taurus Mountains (Turkey): and the

extent of Arab territory, 75 Tayyiba (Arab village): becomes a town,

265 Tanzania: Israeli help for, 332 Tbilisi (Georgia): Jews emigrate to Israel

from, 537, 575 Tchemikovsky, Shaul: his poem of

hope, 552 Techstar (satellite): and Israel's security,

635

776

Index

Tehiyah (political Party): formed, 494; and Jerusalem, 496; electoral success of,531

Tehiyah-Tsomet Alliance: wins seats, 516

Tekoa: established, 484; a member of, murdered, 506

Tel Anter (Syria): and the October War, 452, 457

Tel Arad: founded, 45 Tel Aviv: founded, 27-8; and the First

World War, 32-3; Golda Meir reaches, 48--9; Bialik praises, 51; arms caches near, 53; 'Work Street' in, 70; a murder in, 71; growth of, 78; and music, 79; killings near, 80; bombed, 100, 189, 190; 'resistance' in, 138; and the Red House, 144; a 'Jewish' town, 144; and the War of Independence, 155, 160, 161, 176, 189, 192, 194, 199,202; a press conference in (March 1948), 165; Ben-Gurion at, 167; 'rejoicing', 190; and the Altalena, 212-3; possible threats to, 218, 219, 269; a concert in (1948), 223--4; vegetables and flowers for, 272; immigrants in, 288; a secret meeting in, 347; a butcher in, formerly a furrier, 352; a march in (1967), 380; and 'self-preservation', 381; and 'cars from Gaza', 403; and the October War, 438, 457; and a protest against Sharon, 502; and protests against the Lebanon War, 507, 509-10; a cruel episode in (1987), 527; Scud missiles fall on (1990), 547; intifada killings in (1993), 559; and a 'revolution of peace', 566; Rabin's hopes for, 578; a bus bomb in, 582; crude abuse hurled in, 584; and a mass rally in support of the peace process, 586-7; Rabin assassinated in, 587; mourners gather in, 589; a rally in, recalled, 590; Arafat's visit of condolence to, 591; a memorial meeting in, 592; suicide bombings in, 592, 624, 632; an act of terror in, 601; a naval commando from, killed in Lebanon, 614; a vigorous metropolis, 618; a suicide bomb attack in, foiled, 629; a Peace Center founded in, 633; a citizen of, killed in Sderot, 645; Portland Trust office in, 646

Tel Aviv Hotel (Jerusalem): a demonstration at, 280--1

Tel Aviv Museum: and Israeli

independence, 186 Tel Aviv-Jerusalem railway: 221, 222,

233, 234, 268 Tel Aviv University: a museum at, 289,

491; a future professor at, in action, 322; pioneering research at, 650

Tel AViv-Jerusalem road: a detention camp on, 100; and the battles for Latrun, 196-7, 205-8, 214; and the Sinai campaign, 323; and the intifada, 562

Tel Binyamin: a mission to, 245 Tel El-Alaliekh (Syria): and the October

War, 452, 457 Tel El-Mal (Syria): and the October War,

452 Tel Hai (Upper Galilee): a struggle at,

42-3; commemorated, 269 Tel Hashomer Hospital (Tel Aviv):

bodies taken to, 298 Tel Maschara (Syria): and the October

War, 444 Tel Mond: an attack on, 178 Tel Nahila (Syria): an advance from, 353 Tel Shams (Golan Heights): an attack

on, 441-2 Tel Yitzhak: founded, 91 Tel Yosef: founded,44 Temple (in Jerusalem): and cedars from

Lebanon, 235; and the name of a new kibbutz, 343

Temple Mount (Jerusalem): alleged designs on, 57; and the Six Day War, 390; a tunnel near, 596; Sharon's visit to, 621, 623

Temporary International Presence (TIP): in Gaza, 571

Temporary International Presence in Hebron (TIPH): 571

Terah (Abraham's father): and Ben­Gurion's question, 342

Terra Sancta College (Jerusalem): cordoned off, 281

Teveth, Shabtai: a historian's judgement, on the 'Lavon Affair', 296-7

Texas: 147; a 'lion' from, 372; an agreement reached in, 407; a space flight disaster above, 627

Thailand: foreign workers from, 613 Thais (Massenet): performed, amid

gunfire, 170 Thatcher, Margaret: and the Palestinians,

526; and an arms embargo, 556

777

Israel

Theresienstadt: a drawing from, in space, 628

Third Aliyah (immigration to Palestine): 43, 68, 73

Third Way (political Party): joins coalition (1996), 595

Thorn, Gaston: fears 'evil consequences', 468

'Thousand Families Settlement Scheme': 68

Thutmose III, Pharaoh: and a Canaanite city, 113

Tiberias (Galilee): Jews in, 3; a Jewish wedding party attacked in, 94; and the struggle for Palestine, 171-2; and a crisis with Britain, 245; mines laid near, 366; and 'the revolution of peace', 566; Rabin's hopes for, 578

Tiberias-Rosh Pina road: a kibbutz established on, 137

Tiberias-Tabgha road: Jewish workers build, 44

Tibi, Ahmed: condemns suicide bombers, 592

Tiehberg, Rabbi Judah Moses: re­establishes a dynasty, 289

Tiger Hill (cargo ship): boarded, 100 Tigre Province (Ethiopia): Jewish

immigrants from, 497 Time (magazine): and General Sharon,

510 The Times (London): a protest to, 98;

and the battle for Haifa, 172; and the Irgun,229

Tiran Straits: closed by Egypt, 312, 318, 321; and the Sinai campaign, 325, 326, 327; Israel withdraws from (1957), 330; and the road to war in 1967, 367-9, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 380, 381; negotiations concerning, 476

Tirana (Albania): and a 'great revolution', 566

Tirat Zevi: founded, 84; defended, 86; attacked, 164

Tishbi, Haviv: the victim of a suicide bomber, 574

Tito, President (of Yugoslavia): Ben­Gurion's approach to, 345-6

Tnuva (cooperative): founded, 44; grows, 52

Togo: Israeli help for, 332 Tokyo (Japan): Israeli-Palestinian talks

in (1992), 549 Toledano, Sergeant Nissim: kidnapped

and killed, 558; his fate recalled, 573 Toledo (Spain): a celebration in, 352 Tomb of the Patriarchs (Hebron): a

massacre in, 569; the status quo at, to be maintained, 582-3

Toronto, University of: 642 Toscanini, Arturo: conducts, 79;

recalled, 143 Toukan, Fadua: and Moshe Dayan,

403-4 'tower and stockade' (settlements): 82-4,

87,90,91 Trade Winds (refugee ship): and a

'squalid war', 145 Trafalgar, Battle of: emulated, 127 Transjordan: an anti-Zionist Jew visits,

52; arms from, 61; and Ben-Gurion's vision, 74; and the Revisionists, 76; and a meeting place, 85; and the Gulf of Akaba, 116; and the Second World War, 119; and the Middle East, 120; and Israel's War of Independence, 155, 160, 178-9, 193, 210, 244-5, 249; and the Arabs of Palestine, 230, 241; and the Rhodes armistice, 248, 253; opposes recognition, 254; for subsequent index entries see Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom oD

Transnistria: survivors from, reach Palestine, 115

Tratner, Asher: shot and wounded, 126 La Traviata (Verdi): sung in several

languages ... simultaneously, 352 Treblinka death camp: 112, 289 Tripoli (Lebanon): a commando raid on,

111 Tripoli (Libya): Jewish workers from,

263 Tripolitania: Jews murdered in, 154 Trotsky, Leon: belittles Bundists, 16;

witnesses a Zionist debate, 22; his great grandson arrested, 539

Truman, President Harry S.: and Jewish Displaced Persons, after 1945, 123, 124; his Secretary of State's fears, 165; recognizes Israel, 189; receives Weizmann as Head of State, 191; demands 'immediate withdrawal', 246; criticizes Britain, 247; urges a loan to Israel, 261; and the Baghdad Pact, 304

Trumpeldor, Joseph: and the Zion Mule Corps, 31; in action, 32; killed, 42-3; remembered, 44

Tsomet (political Party): electoral

778

Index

success of, 531; a member of, changes sides, 585

Tsora (Arab village): captured, 221 Tsur, Yaakov: and a dialogue, 540 Tubiansky, Meir: executed, 209-10 Tuhami, Hassan: and the road to an

Israeli-Egyptian peace, 482-3, 489-90 Tulkarm: Jews travelling to, attacked,

80; and a new border, 265-6; and the 'Palestinian people', 492; under the Palestinian Authority, 597; an execution in, 630; Israeli forces withdraw from (2004), 632

Tumarkin, Igael: reaches Palestine, 78 Tunis (Tunisia): PLO leave Beirut for

(1982), 508; PLO set up headquarters in, 513; a reprisal raid on, 519; and the intifada (uprising), 525, 527; and an Israeli assassination raid, 528; and a prospect that Arafat might leave, 561

Tunisia: Arab intelligentsia from, 76; Jewish immigrants from, 259, 302; and the October War, 442; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Turkey, Republic of: Jews 'seeking an outlet' in, 65; British anti-refugee pressure on, 101; Jews pass through, on way to Palestine, 115; votes against Jewish statehood, 150; Jews from, in Palestine, 205; Jews from, in Israel, 259, 263, 266, 268; and the Baghdad Pact, 304; and an Israeli-inspired industrial park, 612

Turkey, Sultan of: 4; see Abdul Hamid Twelfth Zionist Congress (1921): 46,49 Twentieth Zionist Congress (1937): 88 Twenty-First Zionist Congress (1939): 99 Twenty-Second Zionist Congress (1946):

138-9 Twinned Peace Sports Schools initiative:

633 Tyre (Lebanon): a former king of, 235;

and the Lebanon War (1982), 505, 507

U Nu: visits Israel, 288 US-Palestinian Public-Private Partnership:

and the renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace process (2007), 656

U Thant: and the war crisis of 1967, 366, 367, 370, 371

Uganda: a possible Jewish territory in, 21-2; armed forces of, trained by Israel, 332; and a hijacking, 472-4

Ukraine: Jews attacked in, 41; Jewish

immigrants from, 43, 84, 403, 603; Communist rule in, 49

Ukrainians: and Jewish homes, 123 ultra-Orthodox Jewish community (in

Israel): as immigrants, 3; and Yiddish, 29; and an assassination, 52-3; and national military service, 277, 531, 585; 'restored and revitalized', 289; and the Shas political Party, 532, 545, 550; and the Supreme Court, 595

Urn Butne (Syria): and the October War, 452

Urn Rashrash: Ben-Gurion visits, 73-4; and an expedition, 116--7; reached (in 1949),248

Umri, Zohara: murdered, 313 Unified National Leadership of the

Uprising: calls for killings, 538 Unified Water Plan (1955): produced,

and rejected, 291 Unit 101: reprisal actions by, 289-90,

292 Unit for the Protection of the Holy Places:

forms a barrier, 610 United Arab Emirates: represented at

Annapolis (2007), 653 United Arab Republic (Egypt and Syria):

on full alert (1960), 333 'United Islam': and the Arab League, 119 United Kibbutz Movement: and a cross­

community football initiative, 645 United National Command (in the

Occupied Territories): 528 United Nations: and Switzerland, 128;

and Palestine, 142, 144, 149, 150, 153, 154, 165, 178, 182, 185, 185, 186, 187, 191, 199, 202, 655; calls for a truce (1948), 206, 208; and the first year of Israeli statehood, 226, 242, 251, 254; and the Arab Liberation Army, 234; and the Palestinian Arab refugees, 255-6, 267; and Israel's neighbours, 310; and the Sinai campaign (1956), 324-5, 326, 329; and the new States of Asia and Africa, 346; Israel's appeal to (1966), 362; and the occupied West Bank, 418; and Soviet Jewish refugees, 426; and the October War (1973), 451; and the Geneva Peace Conference (1973), 463; and the PLO, 467; and the 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467-8, 469-70; and Israeli retaliation, 487; and Hebron, 571; and Har Homa, 601

779

Israel

United Nations Charter: and Israel's Declaration of Independence, 188

United Nations Commission (in Palestine): witness the aftermath of a bomb, 164

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): condemns Zionism, 467

United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF): in Sinai, 325, 327, 366, 367; and the coming of war in 1967, 376

United Nations Headquarters, Jerusalem: 400, 404

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL): 490

United Nations Mixed Armistice Commission: and the Sinai campaign, 324

United Nations Partition Resolution (November 1947): and Haifa, 151, 241, 249; and the 'Chain of Jihad', 528; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 568

United Nations Refugee and Works Administration (UNRWA): established, 255--6; a plan proposed by, 271; and an Israeli reprisal action, 290

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA): and the Displaced Persons, 123, 124

United Nations Security Council: and the future of Palestine (1948), 165; and Jewish immigration (1948), 202; and the calls for a truce (1948), 215, 232; and the breach of a cease-fire (1948), 219-20; and jerusalem's cease-fire, 221; calls for negotiations (1948), 240, 246; and a British ultimatum, 245; and the first armistice, 248; condemns Israel (1966), 364; not summoned (1967), 367; and a possible Soviet veto, 373; and the Six Day War, 387, 390, 393; and Resolution 242, 398--9, 414; and the October War, 449, 457; and Resolution 338, 457-8, 459; and the Lebanon War, 505; and the London Agreement (1987), 523; and the intifada, 527, 558; secures a ceasefire (2006), 641

United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP): 144-50

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO): and construction of a canal, 291; and a clash between Syria and Israel, 306;

and an impending attack, 314; and the Sinai Campaign, 323; and the Six Day War, 385

United Nations Trusteeship (for Palestine): proposed, and challenged, 165

United Nations World Food Programme: an Israeli woman heads Congo relief work of, 650

United Religious Front (1949): 250, 252; dissolves, 275

United States: Jewish emigration to,S, 10, 13, 50, 65; and the Jewish National Fund, 19; a Zionist finds patrons in, 25--6; Ben-Gurion sounds a cautionary note in, 34; and Jewish military volunteers, 35, 36; Ben-Gurion promotes Palestine in, 38; and the Jews of Russia, 41; immigrants to Palestine from, 44, 48, 90; fundraising in (1921),46; Golda Meir reaches Palestine from (1921), 48; and Zionist philanthropy, 54; and a Zionist leader, 59; restrictions on immigration from, 95; a possible 'outcry' from, 104; Jabotinsky dies in, 110; and postwar Germany, 121; and a postwar committee, 129, 132; and a British plan, 136; postwar Jewish emigration to, 138; and Moses, 148; supports partition, 150; and a flag, 164; opposes partition, 165; calls for a cease-fire, 180, 182; and Jerusalem, 185; and the declaration of Israeli statehood, 189; aircraft from, 200; volunteers from, 201; tanks and weapons from, 225; and a British ultimatum, 245--6; stern words from, 246; Israel's relations with 251, 253, 273, 279, 291, 304-5, 314, 321, 326, 327, 347-8, 361, 368; fundraising in, 260-1, 263, 295, 331; economic help from, 261, 617; immigrants from 264, 277,470, 506; training in, 273; and Israeli contacts with Egypt (1956), 307-10; and the Sinai campaign, 321, 326, 329; and the aftermath of Sinai, 329-30, 331; and the road to war in 1967, 370, 371, 372-3, 374, 375, 376-7, 377-8, 381, 382; and the Six Day War, 387, 389-90, 393; and the West Bank, 402; and military supplies for Israel, 407, 415; and the War of Attrition, 411; brokers a cease-fire (1970), 414-5; its

780

Index

guarantee, against a Soviet intervention, 417; and the October VVar(1973), 431,437, 445,451, 452, 460; and the Soviet Union, 450, 452, 456; and the aftennath of the October VVar, 463, 468, 469; denounces 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467; and a political crisis (the arrival of aircraft from), 474; and Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories, 475; efforts to mediate by, 474-7, 479-82, 540; and Sadat's visit to Israel, 489; and the Israeli-Egyptian peace accords, 491-3, 495; and the Lebanon VVar (982), 508, 512; and the London Agreement (1987), 523; and the intifada, 527; and Soviet Jews, 534, 535--6, 550; and an Israeli peace initiative (989), 537-8; and the Gulf VVar, 546, 547; and the Madrid Conference and its aftennath, 548--9; loan guarantees from, 550, 555, 556; and Rabin's call for negotiations (1992), 554, 556; and Jordan (after Oslo), 568, 572; the resources of, diverted, 580; mediates (996), 594; and southern Lebanon, 599; and Har Homa, 601; and a crisis generated by conversions to Judaism, 602-3; and the sale of Russian anns technology to Iran, 615; and targeted assassinations, 624-5; and the Palestinian Authority, 638,647; cluster bombs from, used by Israel, 642; Jewish population of, falls below that of Israel (2007), 645; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648, 655

United States Congress: and a loan, 261; and an assurance, 618

United States Import-Export Bank: a loan from, 331

United States Senate: condemns Israel's use of cluster bombs, 642

United States Sixth Fleet: in 1967, 387; a ship o~ attacked, 389-90

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: alleged violation of, 533; and democracy, 608

Univeraity and College Union (Britain): recommends a boycott, 651

Upper Galilee: Jewish settlements in, 8, 122, 264, 343; clashes in, 42-3, 364; fighting in (948), 162, 171, 175, 177, 192, 234-5, 237; immigrant transit camps in, 287-8; an incursion into

(966), 362; a question in (967), 401; the shelling of (982), 503, 504

Upper Silesia: a conference at, 5 Upper Volta: Israel's agreement With,

332 Ur of the Chaldees: and Ben-Gurion's

question, 342 Uruguay: supports a Jewish State, 149 Usha: founded, 90 Ussishkin, Menachem: and a Jewish

university, 8, 29; and Uganda, 22; and the Hebrew language, 23-4; and a cavalcade, 34; at the Paris Peace Conference, 41-2; and the Jewish National Fund, 45--6; remembered, 90, 96

Uziel, Chief Rabbi Ben Zion: his 'loathing and abhorrence', 135

Valley of the Cross (Jerusalem): an airstrip in, 203

Vanunu, Mordechai: and Israel's nuclear power, 521-3

VE Day (8 May 1945): and the passage of time, 128

Vance, Cyrus R: seeks to mediate, 476, 481,482,489,490

Vichy France: and Syria, 110-11 Vienna: 10, 11, 17, 19, 21, 22, 49, 62, 79,

93, 301, 426, 535; Arafat meets Ezer VVeizman in, 548; Israeli-Palestinian talks in (1992), 549

Vietnam: 134 Viewpoints Theatre Project: 634 Vilan, Abu: speaks out, 501 Villach (Austria): 128--9 Vilna (Lithuania): 3, 9, 16, 22 Vilner, Meir: consults Moscow, 189 Violetta (in La Traviata): sung in

Gennan, 352 Vishneva (Belarus): a Jewish family

leaves, for Palestine, 70; Shimon Peres's return visit to, 557

Vitkin, Joseph: 23, 73 Vladimir, Grand Duke (of Russia): 12 'A Voice Calling for Peace': demand the

withdrawal from southern Lebanon, 606-7

VVachsman, Corporal Nahshon: kidnapped, and killed, 573; his kidnapping recalled, 639

VVadi Ara: Israeli-Palestinian cooperation in, 643

781

Israel

Wadi Fukin (Arab village): a reprisal action in, 314

Wadi Hanin (Arab village): Jews and Arabs live side by side in, 7

Wadi Joz (Jerusalem): and the intifada, 540

Wadi Paran (Negev): Bedouin south of, their plight, 359

Wadi Zaala (Sinai): and the Sinai campaign, 325

Wagner, Richard: 18 Wailing Wall (Jerusalem): 57, 60, 199;

and the Six Day War, 390; curses at, 605; rioting at, 609-10

Walker, Christopher: Netanyahu's assertion to, 609

Wall, the: see index entery for: Separation Barrier

Wallach, Colonel Yehuda: his task, 322 War of Attrition 0969-70): 410, 411,

413--4; recalled, 449 War of Independence (948): 28, 40, 43,

45, 56, 84, 96, 117, 137, 166, 249, 255; recalled, 261, 264, 266, 269, 284, 286, 287, 322, 326, 342, 354, 408, 417, 438, 445, 455, 478, 494, 598; unfinished business of, 538; and the Israel-Jordan peace treaty (994), 574; and the assassination of Rabin, 591; and the soldiers' death toll by 1997, 605

War Museum: a 'blessed' gun for, 212 Warburg, Felix: a philanthropist, 53 Warburg, Otto: a philanthropist, 29 Warsaw: 18, 112, 114 Warsaw Ghetto: an escapee from, 603 Warsaw Ghetto revolt: 114, 264 Washington DC (USA): patrons in, 25;

anger in, 128; Weizmann in, 191; and a British ultimatum, 245; no official invitation to, 273; and the Suez crisis, 326, 327, 331; and a museum, 355; and the prelude to war in 1967, 377; and a 'lion from Texas', 372; negotiations in (1977),476-7; an Israeli political scandal launched from, 477; the Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty signed in, 495; a Soviet Jewry rally in, 521; a peace initiative presented in (1989), 537--8; talks in (1991), 548-9; talks renewed in (992), 556; talks continue in (1993), 561, 562; the Oslo Accords signed in (1993), 565-7; and the Cairo Agreement (1994), 570; and the ending of a state of war between

Israel and Jordan (1994), 572; and the signing of Oslo II (1995), 584; and a crisis over a tunnel (1996), 596; Olmert and Abbas meet Bush in (2007), 655

Washington Post: and a 'sustained impasse' (1997), 611

Wattad, Mohammed Saif-Alden: critical of Israel, 642

Wauchope, Sir Arthur: and a Jewish objection, 66-7

Wavell, General: protests, 107 al-Wazir, Intissar: Minister of Welfare,

528 al-Wazir, Khalid: see Abu Jihad Weiss, Yaakov: executed, 148 Weissbrod, Yehoshua: stoned, and then

shot dead, 561 Weitz, Yehiam: remembered, 137 Weitz, Yosef: and Arab tenant farmers,

159, 160; and the Arab flight from Haifa, 172-3; 'villages are steadily emptying', 174; and the War of Independence, 205; and the Bedouin, 359

Weizman, Ezer: his State Visit (to Britain), 191; and the War of Independence, 200, 247; and an alert, 334; and retaliation, 363; and the prelude to war in 1967, 369, 370; and the Six Day War, 392; and the War of Attrition, 410; and his son's injury, 413; becomes Minister of Defence, 479; and West Bank settlements, 485; and a retaliation to a PLO rocket attack, 486-7; and Sadat's visit to Israel, 488, 489, 490; and the road to an Israel-Egyptian peace, 489, 491; and an appeal for a pardon, 523; and the Gulf War, 546; meets Arafat, 548; calls on the government to 'rethink' the peace process, 574; critical of Oslo II, 585--6; condolence calls by, 600

Weizman, Reuma: and her husband's question (970), 413; visits the injured (1974), 574

Weizman, Sha'ul: wounded, 413 Weizmann, Chaim: and 'these fiery

times', 17; and a university project, 20, 29, 39, 53; and the Balfour Declaration, 34; and the Zionist Commission, 37; and the Palestine Mandate, 41, 118, 121; and the Galuth, 47; and a loan, 56-7; and the 1929 riots, 65--6; and the Daniel Sieff (later

782

Index

Weizmann) Institute, 69; and partition, 87-8, 138; and the future of Palestine (1937), 89-90, 91; and the Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), 99; and Jewish self­defence, 103-4; and 'Palestine alone', 113; and his son's death in action (1942), 120; and Bevin, 124; and 'Black Saturday', 134; and 'illegal' immigration, 135-6; denounces a 'cancer' in the Jewish 'body politic', 139; gives evidence (July 1947), 147-8; his fears, 150; and the declaration of statehood (May 1948), 189, 190-1; remembered, 210; becomes President, 252; and an Institute of Science, 267-8; his last years, 278; answers a question with a question, 617

Weizmann Institute of Science: 268,419, 650

Weizmann, Michael: killed in action, 120

Werkleute (youth movement): 79 Wertheimer, Stef: joins a new Political

party, 478; a pioneer, 617; and an industrial park in Turkey, 612

West Bank (of the River Jordan): under Jordanian rule, 199, 204, 241, 255, 256, 265, 299, 362, 363; and the Six Day War, 390, 396, 440, 442; under Israeli occupation, 396-8, 402-3, 405; the future of, discussed, 405-6; and the Allon Plan, 406, 408; the situation in (1970), 412; calls for Israel's withdrawal from, 418; the future of, discussed, 418-9, 476, 478, 479-80; its nature, under Israeli occupation, 421-2; settlements on, 422-3, 424-5, 466, 469-71, 475, 481-2, 483-4, 485, 486, 496, 497, 498, 500-1, 503, 513, 530, 543, 544, 550, 584, 609, 610-11, 621; future of, not to affect an Israeli­Egyptian agreement, 483; and President Carter's displeasure, 481-2, 483-4; and Camp David, 491-2, 494-5; a demonstration on, prevented, 503; and the Reagan Plan (1982), 508; the conflict between Palestinians and settlers on, 513-5; and the intifada (uprising), 525-7, 537, 538-42, 550, 557; and human rights, 533-4, 550; and an Israeli proposal (1989), 537-8; and an American proposal (990), 543; and an Iraqi proposal (1990), 546; and Soviet Jewish immigrants, 550; and the

Oslo negotiations (1993), 561, 563; and the Oslo Accords, 564, 565, 566, 568; and the 'closure' of, 575-6; extension of autonomy to, 579, 581-2; continued negotiations concerning, 582-3, 583-4; and Oslo II, 583-4, 586, 597, 610; and Israeli citizenship, 608; increased building on (1997), 609, 616; status of (997), 611-2; continued occupation of, 620-1; and the Separation Barrier ('The Wall'), 630-1; withdrawal of four Israeli settlements from, 631, 635; Israeli armed incursions into, 634; Olmert's vision for, 637; Hamas electoral victory in (2006), 639; and the Portland Trust, 646; and the renewed peace process (2007), 648, 651-2; and a free-trade industrial zone, 651; a successful legal appeal from, 652

West Bank elections (after 1967): 402, 423, 471, 527-8, 537-8, 638

West Beirut (Lebanon): bombarded (1982), 506; and a protest, 506-7; occupied, 509

West Germany: 265, 279, 283-5, 334-5, 356; denounces 'Zionism is racism' resolution, 467

West Point (USA): 209 Western Galilee: 91, 149, 158, 208, 345 'Western Palestine': the Likud call for,

478, 480 Weyl, Martin: and the opening of the

Israel Museum, 355 What Do The Zionists Want? (Ezekiel

Wortsmann): 18-9 White House (Washington DC): 189, 373,

416-7, 480, 564, 565-~, 582, 588, 591, 655

White Russia (later Belarus): 198, 270 Wiesel, Eli: and a cross-community

cooperative venture, 651 Wilhelm II, German Emperor: 10, 17, 18 Wilson, Harold: well-disposed towards

Israel, 361, 371, 374; and the International Naval Flotilla, 374, 377

Wingate, Lorna: her gesture, 175 Wingate, Orde: and Jewish defence, 93;

remembered, 175 Winograd, Judge Eliyahu: and the

Hizballah-Israeli War (2006), 642, 645-6

Workers' Sick Fund: 151

783

Israel

World Bank: 647; represented at Annapolis (2007), 654

World Congress (of Revisionists): 91-2 World Zionist Organization: 10-11, 17,

18, 45, 49, 50, 64, 65; and West Bank settlements, 500-1

Wortsmann, Ezekiel: his pamphlet, 18--9 Wurtman, Enid: and Soviet Jewry, 521

Yaacobi, Gad: and a new political Party, 357, 358; calls for talks, 548

Ya'ari Meir: 'appalled', 218--9 Yad Hannah: founded,268 Yad Mordechai: founded, 114; attacked,

194; regained, 234; a fedayeen attack on, 301

Yad Vashem Qerusalem): established, 288--9; a ceremony at, and a would-be assassin, 579

Yadin, Carmella: Ruppin's daughter, 63; 'Sarge, the marge!', 103

Yadin, Yigael: xii; his mother reaches Palestine, 28; his birth, 33; and the 1921 riots, 49; and an excavation (1928), 57; and the 1929 riots, 63-4; and Masada, 68, 351; and the Haganah, 101-2, 103, 148, 151, 166; and the possibility of survival, 181-2; and the War of Independence, 192-3, 196-7, 199, 202-3, 206, 214-5, 242, 245, 249, 455; and the Altalena, 211; and Ben-Gurion, 214-5; and the Irgun, 228--9; negotiates, 253; and mass immigration, 262; and the Israel Defence Forces, 264-5; and Chaim Weizmann, 278; and the Dead Sea scrolls, 295-6; and a hidden cave, 341; and electorial reform, 344; and the eve of war (1967), 382; opposes West Bank settlements, 423, 485; and the October War (1973), 428--9, 438, 440, 443-4, 456, 460; leads a new political Party (1977), 478--9; and Project Renewal, 484-5, 498; and the collapse of his Party, 498; and the pyramids, 499

Yadin, Yosef: an actor, 28 Yagur: founded, 50; an arms search at,

133 Yamit (Rafa Salient): under construction,

423, 424; to be given up, 492, 494, 499; the destruction of, 499-500

Yariv, General Aharon: and the road to war in 1967, 369, 378; and the October War (1973), 438, 439

Yarkon River: headwaters of, 219 Yarkoni, Amos: a Bedouin hero, 360 Yarmuk Brigade: in action (1948), 236 Yarmuk River: a kibbutz founded near

(1932), 68; fighting near (1948), 192; and Israel's border with Jordan, 363, 573; a project for, 578

Yassi (Roumania): Jews from, at work in Israel, 263

Yassin, Sheikh Ahmed: his release demanded, 573; released, 616-17; assassinated, 629

Yassky, Chaim: killed,170 Yata (West Bank): and an Israeli reprisal

action, 363 Yatir: founded,613 Yavneh: founded, 111; Jewish

immigrants and settlers in, 266; a nuclear reactor near, 301

Yavniel: reinforcements from 193 Yedidyah: founded, 78 Yediot Aharanot (newspaper): a

controversial interview in, 488 Yehiam: founded, 137; destroyed, 167;

armoured cars captured at, 236 Yehoshua, A.B.: international status of,

617 Yehudiah: attacked, 158 Yeltsin, President Boris: and the sale of

weapons technology to Iran, 615 Yemen: Jews from, 8--9, 23, 33, 259-60,

262, 271, 272, 287, 313, 330, 403, 603; opposes Jewish immigration to Palestine, 97; and Israel's War of Independence, 120; represented at Annapolis (2007), 653

Yemenite Association (political Party): 250

Yemenite Workers' Union (Palestine): 33

Yemin Moshe Qerusalem): attacked, 162 Yeruham: founded,273 Yibnah: an Arab town, 111;

repopulated, 266 Yiddish language: 27, 29, 197, 228, 275,

350, 556 Yiftach (military operation): in the

Galilee, 175 Yisrael B'Aliyah (political Party): enters

the coalition (1996), 595

784

Index

Yisraeli, Ben-Zion: seeks reinforcements, 192

Yoav (military operation): in the Negev, 231

Yoffe, Colonel Avraham: and the Sinai campaign, 325; and the Land of Israel Movement, 400

Yogev: bombarded,311 Yolofsky, Avraham: ambushed and

killed, 7 Yom Kippur War: see October War

(1973) Yonan, George: killed, 292 Yonatan: and 'a grandfather who does

not sleep', 566 York, Susannah: campaigns, 522 Yosef, Chief Rabbi Ovadia: and the

October War, 442; and the Shas political Party, 531, 550

Yossi, Lieutenant-Colonel Naty: and the October War, 434, 441-2

Yotvata: founded,272 Youth Aliyah: its work of rescue and

rehabilitation, 69, 91, 102, 258; military . training for, 223

Ysernitsky, Yitzhak: see Shamir, Yitzhak Yugoslav-Hungarian border: an arrest

on, 119 Yugoslav soldiers (in Palestine): 162 Yugoslavia: Jews from, 78; pressure on,

98; a parachute drop in, 102; and an arms shipment, 167; immigrants from, 259, 266, 352; Ben-Gurion's approach to, 345-6; Soviet tanks pass through, 444; Soviet planes land at, 445

Zablodovsky, Israel: and the struggle for Jerusalem, 163

Zaher, Sheikh Zaki: his story, 604 Zaire: Israeli help for, 332; breaks off

relations with Israel, 427 Zamir, Zvi: and the Munich massacre,

419; and the imminence of war in 1973, 431

Zar, Ora: her story, 603 Zealots: recalled, 122, 267, 351 Zebulun, Tribe of: and the name of a

new settlement, 43 Zebulun Valley: a new settlement

overlooks, 78 Ze'evi, General Rehavam: and the

coming of war in 1973, 427; denounces 'an insane government', 585

Zeira, General Eli: his warning, 428; is not shown a warning, 430; receives a crucial message, 431

Zelkovich, Elimelekh: gives weapons instruction, 49

Zelzal missile: destroyed, 640 Zemach (Sea of Galilee): evacuated,

176; fighting at, 192 Zevulun, Shalom: killed,614 Zichron Yaakov: founded, 6; a 'Great

Convention' at, 23; and an Association of Wine Growers, 26

Zimbel, Shalom: his bravery and death, 231

Zin, Wilderness of: a settlement near, 278, 356

'Zion': a name proposed, 187 Zion: to be 'redeemed', 139 Zion Gate Oerusalem): an attack on,

221-2 Zion Mule Corps: in action, 31 Zion Square Oerusalem): a

demonstration in (1952), 280-1, 282; demonstrators march from (1995), 585

'Ziona': a name proposed, 187 Zionism: and Theodor Herzl, 9-12,

14-5, 16-21, 28,92; varieties of, 23, 25, 40, 42, 68, 301, 406-7, 469; opposition to, 30, 47, 52-3, 66, 276-7, 285,403,467,545; and the British Government, 40-1, 118; in Palestine, 55-6,67,70,71,75,79,122,556; and the Arabs, 75, 94, 403, 469, 559, 560-1; after 1945, 139; and Soviet and Russian Jewry, 286-7, 575; on the West Bank (after 1967),406-7,469, 486, 530; and the Palestine National Covenant, 467; condemned by the United Nations, 467-8,469-70; the 'four goals of, 529-30; the 'lifelong quest' of, 563

Zionist Commission (1918): in Palestine, 37,39,42

Zionist Congresses: (1st), 13-14, 17, 20, 164, 187,603; (2nd), 16-7, 17; (5th) 19; (6th), 22; (lIth), 29; (12th), 46, 49; (14th), 51; (l5th), 51; (16th), 59, (18th) , 72; (20th), 88; (21st), 99; (22nd), 138-9

'Zionist democracy': and 'Jewish Nazism', 118

Zionist Executive: its Palestine Office, 25; and an experimental agricultural station, 44; and an economic crisis, 49; senior members of, arrested, 132

785

Israel

Zionist Rescue Committee (Hungary): and a trial in Israel, 303

Zodiac, signs of: and an archaeological discovery, 57

Zoltan, Ido: killed, 654-5

Zorea, General Meir: dismissed, 333; joins a new political Party, 478

Zucker, Dedi: and human rights, 532 Zurich (Switzerland): Zionist Congresses

in, 59, 88; an act of terror in, 418