Complex Invertebrates

Jointed Leg AnimalsEx. Insects, spiders crayfishHave an exoskeleton, a skeleton on the

outside of the body make of hard, waterproof, nonliving substances. It also protects body from injury and drying out, and provided a place for growth to occur

Bilateral symmetryHave appendages or structures that grow

out of an animals body. Examples of appendages are arms legs and antenna. They are jointed to allow for quick movement

80% of all known animal types on earth are Arthropods

Molting is a process of shedding an exoskeleton. This is essential for arthropods to grow

5 Classes of ArthropodsCrayfishHave mouthparts that hold, cut, and crush

food2 pairs of antennae(appendages on head

for sensing smell and touch)Compound eyes for seeing. These eyes

have many lenses

2 body sections5 pairs of legs for walking1 claw like pair of legs at head for grabing

and holding food

Spiders and Scorpions4 pairs of walking legsSimple eyes. These eyes have 1 lenseNo antennae2 body sectionsFeeding mechanism: Trap food in fangs

bite into inject poison stun prey eats prey

All are dangerous to humans

CentipedesHave a head, long segmented body, many

legs100 (centi)feet (pede)30 legs maximumAppendages on first segment are poison

claws used to capture foodEat insects (carnivores)

Can be dangerous to humans

MillipedesHave a head, long and segmented body 2

pares of legs1000 (milli) feet (pede)Slow movingEat plants (herbivores)2 pairs legs per segment

Insects5th class or Arthropods- more types of

insects than all other animals combined!!!Live all over (air, ocean, mountains…)Many shapes and colorsMouthparts varies according to type of food

(chewing, sucking, lapping)Body has 3 main parts

3 pairs of walking legs2 compound eyes and 3 simple eyes1 pair of antennaeSeveral have wingsOnly invertebrate than can flyReproduce sexually by eggs and spermHave separate sexes

Helpful in the following waysEat harmful insects for foodMoths eat aphids that feed on plantsBees carry pollen from flower to flowerBees produce honey

Harmful in the following waysDestroy cropsTermites eat wood Moths destroy clothsHouseflies carry bacteria and cause disease

Spiny skin (ex. Sea urchin sand dollar, starfish

5 part body structureRadial symmetryHas spinesStarfish have tube feet suction cups on

the bottom of starfish that help it move, attach to rocks, and get food

Starfish reproduce sexually with separate sexes by egg and sperm

Also reproduce asexually by regenerating arms that are removed

VertebratesChordates A phylum in which an animal

has a tough, flexible rod along its backLive on land or the waterHave an endoskeleton- a skeleton on the

inside of the body that allows for growth of an organism (unlike and exoskeleton)

In most vertebrates, the cord along the back is replaced by a backbone

Largest animals on earthWell developed body systemsCirculatory system with a heart and blood

vesselsDigestive system to change food into a

useful formSkeletal system for support

respiratory system for gas exchangeNervous system for controlLarge brains, very intellegent

7 classes of chordatesJawless fishCartilaginous fishBony fishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsmammals

General fish characteristicsCold – blooded, or having a body

temperature that changes with the temp of surroundings

Live in water, breathe with gills. Water is pumped into mouth 02 picked up in gills Excess water leaves through gill slits

Most fish have scales to protect their bodies

Have fins to help fish to move from side to side when swimming

Lateral line runs along each side of the body detects water movement and presence of objects

Three classes of fish Jawless, Cartilage, boney

7 Classes of VertebratesJawless Fish (ex. Lamprey)No jawsNo scalesEndo skeleton, cartilage is a tough, flexible

tissue that supports & shapes the bodySmooth skinNo fins

Feeding Mechanism: Lamprey are parasites. They attach to other animals with sharp, tooth structures which cut a hole in the skin. They then suck out blood & body fluids.

Cartilaginous ex. Skates and rays Cartilage skeletonNo boneTooth like scales on the bodyPaired finsSharks have tube like bodies, paired fins,

rows of teeth to hold & cut up food

Rays are flat, live on the ocean bottom, eat protists & invertebrates in the ocean, most are harmless to humans, but some sting rays have whip like tails that can cause a painful wound.

Boney fish (ex perch, bass, flounder)Endo boney skeletonSmooth, boney scales on body to provide

protection against enemies & indections. Scales are covered with a slimy covering to help them glide through the water.

Have an air bladder, a bag like pouch that fills with gas to allow fish to adjust their depth in the water (go up or down in water)

Reproduce via sexual reproduction: the female lays eggs in the water, the male deposits sperm, and the egg gets fertilized in the water. Fertilization & development occur OUTSIDE the mothers body.

Amphibians Animal that lives part of its life on land,

part in water. (ex. Frogs, toads, salamanders)

Young amphibians live in water adult amphibians live on land

Adults need to remain in moist areas so skin won’t dry out

Reproduce via sexual reproductionCold blooded (their body temperature can

change to the temperature of their surroundings). They also hibernate during cold weather, which means they are sleeping during cold weather, and eat no food & and use very little exygen.

They help contain insect populations by eating them

Used in medical research, eaten be reptiles, birds, mammals

tadpole frog

Live in waterBreathe with gills

(take in O2)Have no tails

Live on land, in moist areas

Breathe with lungsHave no tails

Frogs have a broad mouth with a sticky tongue to catch insects

2 pairs of front legs hind legs more powerful for jumping

Webbed feet for swimmingEyes stick out from the head for hunting to

catch prey

Salamanders have a tail all throughout their lives

2 pairs of legs are the same sizeLive only in moist placesKeep gills throughout life

ReptilesAn animal that has dry, scaly skin & can

live on land. (ex. Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, alligators)

Cold blooded vertebratesHave a backbone & endoskeletonDry scaly skin protects and prevents water

loss

Some reptiles skin sovered by scaly platesWell developed lings2 pairs of legs & clawed toes for running,

climbing & digging nests in the soil (snakes & some lizards don’t have legs)

Move quicklyReptiles egg has tough, leathery shell to

protect it & keep it from drying out

Eggs are laid on landMany reptiles live in or near waterEat insects, pests, eats miceEaten by other reptiles

BirdsHave wings, a beak, 2 legs & a covering of

scalesScales on legsClaws on toesWell developed lungsYoung develop inside the female body

Adapted for flying, hollow bones, powerful muscles. Some do NOT fly (ex. Ostrich)

Warm blooded (they control their body temperature so that it stays the same no matter what the temperature of the surroundings)

Feathers help keep the body temperature constant

Have beaks to get foodCan be helpful to farmers & humans: food

source, kill destructive insects in crops

MammalsAn animal that has hair & feeds milk to its

young (ex humans- Homo sapiens)Warm bloodedHair to keep constant body temperatureYoung feeds on milk produced by mother’s

mammary glands—body parts that produce milk

Reproduce via sexual reproduction (fertilization & development occur inside the mothers body

3 types of mammal developmentInside mother’s body (human)In pouches(kangaroos, opossum)Inside eggs (duck-billed platypus)