Complex System Modeling by Composition

SpringSim’20, TMS, May 18-21

DEVS PhD dissertation award

A hierarchical approach for heterogeneous

component co-simulation

Thomas PARIS

Advisor: Vincent CHEVRIER

Co-advisor: Laurent CIARLETTA

1

Context of this presentation

Modeling & Simulation, Multi-domain, Software reuse, Co-simulation

Within the MECSYCO project

Siebert 2011, Camus 2015, Vaubourg 2017

http://mecsyco.com/

Define a hierarchical process for heterogeneous component co-simulation.

Develop DSL-based environment to use it.

2

Outline

− Model and Simulate

Iterative process, Cyber-Physical System and co-simulation, PhD purpose

− Related works

Different focuses, Mixed approach: MECSYCO

− Co-simulation process

Example, Identification of three steps: Integration, Multi-modeling, Experiment

− Domain-Specific Languages

Example, Insights on Domain-Specific Languages

− Conclusion

3

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateIterative process

4

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateIterative process

5

Software with

M&S features

Modularity

Iterative design

…

Time consuming

Error-prone

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateCyber-Physical System and co-simulation

6

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateCPS and co-simulation

7

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateCPS and co-simulation

8

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Inspired by: Galán, José Manuel, et al. « Errors and artefacts in agent-based modelling ». Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 12, no 1 (2009): 1.

Model and simulateCPS and co-simulation

9

Deal with

heterogeneities

Representation

Formal

Software

Co-simulation

Interaction

between simulators

M&S features

Reuse

existing software

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Model and simulateThesis purpose

10

A co-simulation approach

Handling of heterogeneities

A modeling processModularity/Composition

A development environmentUsability

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

11

Related worksDifferent focuses

Software

integration

(HLAc, FMId…)

a: De Lara, Juan, et Hans Vangheluwe. « AToM3: A Tool for Multi-formalism and Meta-modelling ». 2002. b: Zeigler, Bernard P., and al. “Theory of modeling and simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems”. 2nd éd. 2000.c: Dahmann, Judith S. and al. « The department of defense high level architecture ». 1997.d: Blochwitz, Torsten, et al. « The Functional Mockup Interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models ». 2011

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

12

Related worksDifferent focuses

Software

integration

(HLAc, FMId…)

Multi-formalism

(AToM3a, DEVSb…)

a: De Lara, Juan, et Hans Vangheluwe. « AToM3: A Tool for Multi-formalism and Meta-modelling ». 2002. b: Zeigler, Bernard P., and al. “Theory of modeling and simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems”. 2nd éd. 2000.c: Dahmann, Judith S. and al. « The department of defense high level architecture ». 1997.d: Blochwitz, Torsten, et al. « The Functional Mockup Interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models ». 2011

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

13

Related worksDifferent focuses

Software

integration

(HLAc, FMId…)

Multi-formalism

(AToM3a, DEVSb…)

a: De Lara, Juan, et Hans Vangheluwe. « AToM3: A Tool for Multi-formalism and Meta-modelling ». 2002. b: Zeigler, Bernard P., and al. “Theory of modeling and simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems”. 2nd éd. 2000.c: Dahmann, Judith S. and al. « The department of defense high level architecture ». 1997.d: Blochwitz, Torsten, et al. « The Functional Mockup Interface for tool independent exchange of simulation models ». 2011

Mixed

(MECSYCO…)

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Related worksMixed approach

MECSYCO1 (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation)

Deal with software heterogeneities

Middleware strategy

Deal with formal heterogeneities

Rely on DEVS wrapping

Deal with representation heterogeneities

Agent & Artifact for Multi-Modeling

141: Camus, Benjamin and all. « Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems Using a DEVS Wrapping Strategy in the MECSYCO Middleware ». SIMULATION, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717749014..

Co-simulation as a society

of interacting agents

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Related worksMixed approach

MECSYCO1 (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation)

Deal with software heterogeneities

Middleware strategy

Deal with formal heterogeneities

Rely on DEVS wrapping

Deal with representation heterogeneities

Agent & Artifact for Multi-Modeling

But:

No composition

151: Camus, Benjamin and all. « Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems Using a DEVS Wrapping Strategy in the MECSYCO Middleware ». SIMULATION, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717749014..

Co-simulation as a society

of interacting agents

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Related worksMixed approach

MECSYCO1 (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation)

Deal with software heterogeneities

Middleware strategy

Deal with formal heterogeneities

Rely on DEVS wrapping

Deal with representation heterogeneities

Agent & Artifact for Multi-Modeling

But:

No composition

161: Camus, Benjamin and all. « Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems Using a DEVS Wrapping Strategy in the MECSYCO Middleware ». SIMULATION, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549717749014..

Co-simulation as a society

of interacting agents

Enhance MECSYCO co-simulation process to enable composition

− Model and Simulate

− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

17

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Models provided

Model same house with and without air conditioner Study temperatures

1: Data obtained from APHEEN (student housing association in Nancy, FRANCE).

Two experts, one data provider Three kinds of models

WeatherSQL1

HouseModelica

(FMU)

ControllerMatlab/Simulink

(or Java)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

18

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

WeatherSQL1

HouseModelica

(FMU)

ControllerMatlab/Simulink

(or Java)

Models provided

Model same house with and without air conditioner Study temperatures

1: Data obtained from APHEEN (student housing association in Nancy, FRANCE).

Two experts, one data provider Three kinds of models

What to do to co-simulate them?

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

19

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

WeatherSQL1

HouseModelica

(FMU)

ControllerMatlab/Simulink

(or Java)

1: Data obtained from APHEEN (student housing association in Nancy, FRANCE).

To have an homogeneous way to manipulate models

Wrap

(software, formal)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

20

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

1: Data obtained from APHEEN (student housing association in Nancy, FRANCE).

Wrap

(software, formal)

Define model interface

(inputs, outputs)

To know how to connect them

WeatherSQL1

HouseModelica

(FMU)

ControllerMatlab/Simulink

(or Java)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

21

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

To set how data will be exchanged

Wrap

(software, formal)

Define model interface

(inputs, outputs)

Couple

(compose hierarchically) Conditioned house(FMU + MatLab)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

22

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

To set how data will be exchanged and enable reuse

Wrap

(software, formal)

Define model interface

(inputs, outputs)

Couple

(compose hierarchically) Conditioned house(FMU + MatLab)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

23

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Wrap

(software, formal)

Define model interface

(inputs, outputs)

Couple

(compose hierarchically)

To set how data will be exchanged and enable reuse

Multi-model of use case(SQL + FMU + MatLab)

Description-based co-simulation processAn example, summer 2018

24

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Wrap

(software, formal)

Define model interface

(inputs, outputs)

To get results

Couple

(compose hierarchically)

Experiment

(co-simulate)

Multi-model of use case(SQL + FMU + MatLab)

Description-based co-simulation processIdentification of three steps

25

Necessity to describe what we want to reuse Description-based process

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Integration

26

Wrapping strategy

unchanged

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Integration

27

Wrapping strategy

unchanged

Atomic model description (wrapped model)

o 𝑀 = (𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑆, δ𝑖𝑛𝑡, δ𝑒𝑥𝑡, λ, 𝑡𝑎)

DEVS-inspired

structure

Black-box Dealt with in wrapper

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Integration

28

Wrapping strategy

unchanged

Atomic model description (wrapped model)

o 𝑀 = (𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑃, 𝑃𝑆, 𝑆, δ𝑖𝑛𝑡, δ𝑒𝑥𝑡, λ, 𝑡𝑎)

DEVS-inspired

structure

Black-box Dealt with in wrapper

Model

+

Simulator

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Integration

29

Wrapping strategy

unchanged

Atomic model description (wrapped model)

o 𝑀 = (𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑃, 𝑃𝑆, 𝑆, δ𝑖𝑛𝑡, δ𝑒𝑥𝑡, λ, 𝑡𝑎)

DEVS-inspired

structure

Black-box Dealt with in wrapper

Model

+

Simulator

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processMulti-modeling

30

Coupled model description (multi-model)

o 𝑀𝑀= (𝑋, 𝑌, 𝐷, 𝑀𝑑 𝑑∈𝐷 , 𝐸𝐼𝐶, 𝐸𝑂𝐶, 𝐼𝐶)

DEVS-inspired

structure

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processMulti-modeling

31

Coupled model description (multi-model)

o 𝑀𝑀= (𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑃, 𝑆𝑃, 𝐷, 𝑀𝑑 𝑑∈𝐷 , 𝐸𝐼𝐶, 𝐸𝑂𝐶, 𝐸𝑃𝐶, 𝐸𝑆𝑃𝐶, 𝐼𝐶)

DEVS-inspired

structure

MECSYCO

additions

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processExperiment

32

Choice of model

Choice of parameters

Choice of what to observe

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Summary

Starting point

33

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processSummary

Integration: Software/Formal wrapping

34

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processSummary

Integration: Software/Formal wrapping + Model descriptions

35

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processSummary

Multi-modeling: Description of the multi-model

36

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation processSummary

Experiment: Description of the experiment

37

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Description-based co-simulation process Summary

Experiment: Description of the experiment + Run with MECSYCO

38

− Model and Simulate− Related works

− Co-simulation process− DSL− Conclusion

Insights on Domain-Specific LanguagesExample, summer 2018

Description files XML Tedious Domain-Specific Languages

Feedbacks of students1 usability

WeatherSQL

HouseModelica (FMU)

ControllerMatlab/Simulink (or Java)

391: Thomas Paris, and all. « Teaching Co-Simulation through Practice ». In Proceedings of the 51th Computer Simulation Conference. Berlin, Germany: Society for Computer Simulation International, 2019.

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process

− DSL− Conclusion

Insights on Domain-Specific LanguagesExample, summer 2018

Integration of the controller (MatLab): m2xml language

40

DSL XML

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process

− DSL− Conclusion

Insights on Domain-Specific LanguagesExample, summer 2018

Integration of the controller (MatLab): m2xml language

41

Autocompletion

Errors

Warnings

…

(Eclipse XText)

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process

− DSL− Conclusion

Insights on Domain-Specific LanguagesExample, summer 2018

Multi-model of a conditioned house (MatLab): mm2xml language

42

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process

− DSL− Conclusion

Composition

Insights on DSLExample, summer 2018

Experiment: cs2xml language

43

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process

− DSL− Conclusion

Conclusion

Issues

o Handling heterogeneities

o M&S features

o Modularity

o Composition

o Usability

Approach

MECSYCO middleware

Description-based co-simulation

process

DSL-based environment

44

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL

− Conclusion

Multi-domain modeling Reuse M&S software Co-simulation

1: Thomas Paris, and all. “Designing co-simulation with multi-agent tools: a case study with NetLogo”. EUMAS. 2017.

2: Thomas Paris, and all. “Study about decomposition and integration of continuous systems in discrete environment”. SpringSim, ANSS, 2016.

3: Thomas Paris, and all. “A component approach for DEVS”. SCSC, 2018

Conclusion

Issues

o Handling heterogeneities

o M&S features

o Modularity

o Composition

o Usability

Approach

MECSYCO middleware

Description-based co-simulation

process

DSL-based environment

45

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL

− Conclusion

Multi-domain modeling Reuse M&S software Co-simulation

What next? Library of reusable models,…

1: Thomas Paris, and all. “Designing co-simulation with multi-agent tools: a case study with NetLogo”. EUMAS. 2017.

2: Thomas Paris, and all. “Study about decomposition and integration of continuous systems in discrete environment”. SpringSim, ANSS, 2016.

3: Thomas Paris, and all. “A component approach for DEVS”. SCSC, 2018

Other works: NetLogo wrapper1, Performance measurement2, DEVS-based component3,…

Conclusion

46

− Model and Simulate− Related works− Co-simulation process− DSL

− Conclusion

Questions?