complications of hiv

7/25/2019 Complications of HIV

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COMPLICATIONS OFHIV/AIDS


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HIVHuman Immunodefciency Virus

Implies the entire course o HIVinection, rom asymptomatic inecand early symptoms to AIDS.

A chronic condition, controllable wmedications and strict adherence ttreatment recommendations


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AIDS

Acquired immunodefciency syndro

ost se!ere rom o a continuum oillnesses associated with HIV.

I untreated, it causes slow

de"eneration o the immune systewith the de!elopment o opportuninections and mali"nancies.


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Causative AgentA retro!irus that inects and deple

the #D$% &'helper lymphocytes (oo the protector o the immunesystem.


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Body fuids knon tot!ans"it HIV

)loodVa"inal secretions

Semen

)reast mil*


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HIV is t!ans"itted #y$

In+ection o blood or bloodcomponents.

Seual contact (!a"inal or analintercourse, oral se-

erinatally (rom an inected moththe child-


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COMPLICATIONS


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Candidiasis

#ommon un"al inection that can be treateantiun"al medications ollowin" a simple eamination. #andidiasis is a common opportinection in people with HIV. It is an inection cby a common type o yeast (or un"us-

candida. &his yeast is ound in most pebodies. A healthy immune system *eeps it control. #andida usually inects the mouth, tor !a"ina.


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#er!ical #ancer

#er!ical cancer is an abnormal "ro cells in the cer!i that can bethreatenin". It de!elops ollo

cer!ical dysplasia. #er!ical cancconsidered an AIDS'defnin" illneopportunistic inection.


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Co%%idioido"y%osis

#ommon un"al inection that can to pneumonia i let untreated.


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C!y&to%o%%osis

0un"al inection that oten ethrou"h the lun"s, quic*ly spreadithe patient/s brain, oten leadincryptococcal menin"itis.

untreated, this un"al inection is oatal.


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C!y&tos&o!idiosis

&his diarrheal disease oten becochronic2 it is characteri3ed by sediarrhea and abdominal crampin".


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Cyto"ega'ovi!us&his common "lobal !irus a4ects most adults

their lietime. In HIV5AIDS patients, it oten prwith eye or "astrointestinal inections. 6ormhides out in the body. &his is not a problem opeople because a healthy immune system cancontrol it. Howe!er, it can cause se!ere disepeople with HIV (human immunodefciency !iru

able to ta*e ad!anta"e o a wea*ened imsystem, which is why it7s called an opportinection. &he most common illness #V cauretinitis, an eye inection that can lead to blindn


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HIV(!e'ated en%e&)a'o&at8ten reerred to as HIV5AIDs're

dementia, it can be defned ade"enerati!e brain condition a4epatients with #D$ counts o less 9::. #urrent estimates su""es

impacts rou"hly ;< percent o patients.


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He!&es si"&'e* +%)!oni%, a)e!&es -oste!

Herpes simple can be characteri3ered, painul sores that appear onmouth or "enital area. Herpes 3osteshin"les, presents with painul bli

on s*in suraces. =hile there is no or either, medications are a!ailaballe!iate some symptoms.


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Herpes simple


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He!&es .oste!


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Histo&'as"osisInection by a un"us ound in

droppin"s o birds and bats in hareas. It is not serious i confnethe lun"s but can be atal i spthrou"hout the body.


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Isos&o!iasis

&his parasitic un"us de!elops

patients drin* or come into contactcontaminated ood and water sourcis currently treated with antipardru"s. Isosporiasis is a human inte

disease caused by the parasite Isosbelli. It is ound worldwide, especiatropical and subtropical areas.


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a&osi0s sa!%o"a

&his orm o cancer oten presents

either oral lesions or lesions co!ethe s*in suraces. #urrent treatminclude radiation and5or chemotheto shrin* the tumors and antiretro

therapy to boost the body/s #D$count.


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1ymphoma

A !ariety o cancers requently pre

in HIV5AIDS patients. &reatment!ary based upon the cancer typecondition o the patient.


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ycobacterium a!ium comp

&hese en!ironmental bacteria opresent in patients with se!compromised immune systems, cell counts o less than


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Pneu"o%ystis %a!inii&neu"onianeumocystis pneumonia (#- is a se

inection that causes in>ammation>uid buildup in the lun"s. It is causedun"us called neumocystis +iro!eci. &is currently the leadin" cause o dea

HIV5AIDS patients. #areul monitorin"antibiotic therapies are currently usetreat the patient ollowin" dia"nosis.

Pneu"oniathat has become chronic.


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P!og!essive "u'ti1o%a''eukoen%e&)a'o&at)y

&his neurolo"ical condition oa4ects patients with #D$ cell cobelow ;::. =hile there is no cu

treatment or this disease, sresponse has been shown antiretro!iral therapies.


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To*o&'as"osis&his parasitic inection comm

stri*es HIV5AIDS patients with #D$counts that ha!e allen below rophylais treatments are used pre!enti!e measure or pat

postin" low #D$ cell counts.


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&uberculosis.

ost common in low'income areas o

"lobe, tuberculosis can be succestreated in most cases i cau"ht earlis a disease caused by a bactecalled ycobacterium tuberculosis.

bacteria usually attac* the lun"s, bbacteria can attac* any part o the such as the *idney, spine, and brain


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=astin" syndrome (HIV'relatDefned as unwanted body loss a

total wei"ht loss o more thanpercent o the patient/s normal wei"ht. &reatment in!ol!es diemana"ement and conti

antiretro!iral therapy.


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&he HIV !irus puts people at ris* or a wide ra


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&he HIV !irus puts people at ris* or a wide rainections. &his can include a number o conditiocan lead to rashes, sores, and lesions. S*in conare amon" the earliest si"ns o the presence o

the body. &hey/re oten !iewed as mar*ers disease/s pro"ression. Accordin" to Indian @ouSeually &ransmitted Diseases and AIDS, appro: percent o all people with HIV will ha!e rasymptoms durin" the course o their diseaserelated rashes "enerally all into one o three cate

9.Cenerali3ed dermatitis

;.)acterial, un"al, !iral, and parasitic inections

.S*in tumors


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2ene!a'i-ed De!"atitisDermatitis, or "enerali3ed s*in rashe

the most commonly eperienced symo HIV. Some typical types o dermareB

9. Eerosis

Eerosis is dryness o the s*in, which appears as dry, itchy, and scaly s*in paon the arms and le"s.


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34 Ato&i% De!"atitis&his is a chronic in>amma

condition. It oten causes red, sand itchy rashes.


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54 P!u!igo Nodu'a!is

ruri"o nodularis is a condition in which lum

the s*in cause scab'li*e appearancesitchiness. &his type o dermatitis is typicallyamon" people with etremely comproimmune systems.


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64 7osino&)i''i% Fo''i%u'it&his s*in disease is characteri3e

itchy, red bumps centered on ollicles in the upper body. &his ordermatitis is ound most requentpeople in later sta"es o the disea

pro"ression.

In1e%tions


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A number o bacterial, !iral, un"al, and painections impact people inected with HIV dthe course o their disease. &he most comreported inections includeB

9. Herpes Foster

Herpes 3oster is caused by the same unde!irus as household chic*enpo. It can

shin"les, a condition in which painul s*in rand bumps appear in people with HIV. &reaoten in!ol!es anti!iral dru" re"imens.


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3 M '' C i


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34 Mo''us%u" Contagiosuolluscum conta"iosum

characteri3ed by pin* or >esh'cobumps on the s*in. &his hconta"ious s*in !irus oten imppeople with HIV. Gepetiti!e treatm

may be needed to completely ridbody o these unwanted bu#urrent treatment options, accoto @ohns Hop*ins, include ree3in"

bumps with liquid nitro"en to


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5 O ' H i L k ' ki


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54 O!a' Hai!y Leuko&'akia

&his oral !iral inection can

characteri3ed as thic*, white lesionthe ton"ue. 8n"oin" antiretrotreatments will impro!e the boimmune system and ability to rid

o this !irus.


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6 T) )


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64 T)!us)&his un"al inection causes a

white layer on the ton"ue. recurrent inection can be challento treat. #urrent options incantiun"al medications, oral ri

and oral lo3en"es.

Ski L i


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Skin Lesions

9. aposi sarcoma, a orm o cancer

impacts the linin" o lymph nodes or !essels, appears as dar* lesions on thethat are brown, purple, or reddish in

&his orm o cancer can impact the ldi"esti!e tract, and li!er. It can cshortness o breath, diculty breathin"swellin" o the s*in.


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complications of hiv

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