components of information technology components of a computer system
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COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTRANSCRIPT
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TECHNOLOGY IN ELTCHAPTER 1
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY&
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
MURNI SALINAB.Sc. Ed (TESL) UTM, Skudai M’sia
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COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Data
Hardware Software
Procedures
People
InformationSystem
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An information system has five parts :
1. People The most important part as they make end-
users more productive.
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An information system has five parts :
2. Procedures Refer to rules or guidelines people follow
when using software, hardware and data. Documented in manuals written by
computer specialists. Provided by software/hardware
manufacturers of the product.
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An information system has five parts :3. Software Computer software is the term for programmes or
sets of computer instructions. Written in special computer language that enable
a computer to accomplish a given task. It consists of step-by-step instructions, which the
computer can use to convert data into information.
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An information system has five parts :4. Hardware Computer components that are physical, touchable pieces or
equipment. It consists of the system unit, input/output, secondary storage
and communication devices. 4 types of computers :
1. Supercomputers – the most powerful type of computers.2. Mainframe – occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms.3. Minicomputers – desk-sized machines used for specific purposes.4. Microcomputers – include the desktop, notebook and personal digital assistant.
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An information system has five parts :5. Data Raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers,
images and sounds. Data describes something that is stored
electronically in a file. Examples :
Document files created by word processors Worksheet files crated by spreadsheets Database file created by database management
programmes Presentation files created by presentation graphics
programmes
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COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM A computer system has three main components :
Hardware Software Warmware
A computer system performs 4 important tasks (Sharp, 2005:35) Receiving input : figures, facts or sets of instructions Storing information : place in memories Processing the data : act on the information Outputing the information : process and generate results
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4 MAIN ASPECTS OF DATA HANDLING1. Input devices
- accept data or commands in a form that the computer can use: they send the data or commands to the processing unit.
2. The Processor- known as CPU, has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into information that people require. The CPU execute computer instructions.
3. Output Devices- display the people the processed data; information in understandable and usable form
4. Storage- means secondary storage; consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disk, diskettes, pendrives.- can store data and programmes outside the computer itself.- these devices supplement memory or primary storage, can hold data or programmes temporarily.
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1. What is Input?Input refers to any data or instructions that are
used by a computer. All computer processing requires data.
Whenever you use computer or application software, you are providing input. You typically use a keyboard to type text and a mouse to issue commands.
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Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Joystick Touch Screen Light Pen Scanner Bar code readers Digital cameras Video cameras Graphic tablets Voice recognition systems
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2. What is Process?
The computer manipulates the data to create information.
Information refers to data processed into a form that has meaning and is useful.
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Processing Devices/System Units Mother board/System CPU/Microprocessor Memory – RAM, ROM Expansion Slots and Cards System Clock Bus Lines Ports and Cables
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3. What is Output?
Is a processed data or information.Output devices provide output to people by
translating what the computer has processed into a form that people can understand and use.
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Output Devices Monitor – CRT, LCD LCD projector Video scan converter Printer
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4. What is Storage?
Information can be stored in a computer for future use.
All computers have a hard disk drive to store programmes and data.
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Storage Devices Hard Disk Removable Disks
Floppy Drive CD-ROM, R, RW DVD-ROM, R, RW Pen Drive, Thumb Drive, Zip Drive External Hard Disk
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TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
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Visualize these components and draw them! Keyboard Mouse Monitor Speaker Webcam Printer CPU
Mother board Slot Card RAM USB port PS2 port Parallel port Serial port Floppy Drive
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APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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2 CATEGORIES1. General-purpose
- also known as basic applications- includes browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics.
2. Special-purpose- also known as advanced applications, include multimedia, web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, artificial intelligence
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4 general-purpose software
1. Word processors2. Spreadsheets3. Database Management Systems4. Presentation Graphics