COMPOSITE MATERIALS:

TESTING AND DESIGN

A symposium presented at a meeting of Committee D-30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS New Orleans, La., 11-13 Feb. 1969

ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 460

List price $31.00

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103

© BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1969 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-89674

SBN 8031-0017-5

NOTE

The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions

advanced in this publication.

Printed in York, Pa. December 1969

Foreword

The papers in the Symposium on Composite Materials: Testing and Design were presented at a meeting held in New Orleans, La., 11-13 February 1969. The symposium was sponsored by The American Society for Testing and Materials through its Committee D-30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites. Steven Yurenka, McDonnell Douglas Corp., presided as symposium chairman.

Related ASTM Publications

Metal Matrix Composites, STP 438 (1968), $18.50

Fiber-Strengthened Metallic Composites, STP 427 (1967), $12.75

Contents

Introduction 1

Testing

Composite Materials' Testing—s. p. PROSEN 5

Mechanical Properties and Test Techniques for Reinforced Plastic Laminates— S. DASTIN, G. LUBIN, J. MUNYAK, AND A. SLOBODZINSKI 13

Special Problems Associated with Boron-Epoxy Mechanical Test Specimens— R. N. HADCOCK AND J. B. WHITESIDE 27

Characterization of Anisotropic Composite Materials—j. c. HALPIN, N. J. PAGANO, J. M. WHITNEY, AND E. M. TO 37

Test Methods for High-Modulus Carbon Yarn and Composites—j. T. HOGGATT . 48

The Effect of Geometry on the Mode of Failure of Composites in Short-Beam Shear Tests—s. A. SATTAR AND D. H. KELLOGG 62

Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of a Unidirectional Carbon Rein- forced Epoxy Matrix Composite—E. A. ROTHMAN AND G. E. MOLTER . 72

A Simplified Method of Determining Inplane Shear Stress-Strain Response of Unidirectional Composites—p. H. PETIT 83

Angle-Plied Boron/Epoxy Test Methods—A Comparison of Beam-Tension and Axial Tension Coupon Testing—R. B. LANTZ AND K. G. BALDRIDGE . . 94

Compression Testing of Aluminum-Boron Composites—N. R. ADSIT AND J.D. FOREST 108

Preliminary Evaluation of Test Standards for Boron Epoxy Laminates— E. M. LENOE, M. KNIGHT, AND C. SCHOENE 122

Shear-Modulus Determination of Isotropic and Composite Materials— L. B. GRESZCZUK 140

End Plugs for External Pressure Tests of Composite Cylinders—R. J. MILLER . 150

Strength Theories of Failure for Anisotropic Materials—B. E. KAMINSKI AND B. B. LANTZ 160

Optimization of a Boron Filament Reinforced Composite Matrix— P. W. JUNEAU, JR., L. H. SHENKER, AND V. N. SAFFIRE 170

Defining the Adhesion Characteristics in Advanced Composites—G. L. HANNA AND SAMUEL STEINGISER 182

Fatigue Testing and Thermal-Mechanical Treatment Effects on Aluminum- Boron Composites—H. SHIMIZU AND J. F. DOLOWY, JR 192

Mechanical Testing of Metal-Matrix Composites—K. G. KREIDER .... 203

Fatigue and Creep

Fatigue Fundamentals for Composite Materials—K. H. BOLLER 217

Creep and Fatigue Behavior of Unidirectional and Cross-Plied Composites— i. j. TOTH 236

Creep and Rupture of Graphite-Epoxy Composites—F. Y. SOLIMAN . . . 254

Characterizing Strength of Unidirectional Composites—o. ISHAI AND R. E. LAVENGOOD 271

Design and Application

Practical Influence of Fibrous Reinforced Composites in Aircraft Structural Design—H. c. SCHJELDERUP AND B. H. JONES 285

Determination of Design Allowables for Composite Materials—B. H. JONES . 307

Characterization of Graphite Fiber/Resin Matrix Composites—R. A. ELKIN, G. FUST, AND D. P. HANLEY 321

Failure Criteria for Filamentary Composites—c. c. CHAMIS 336

Shear Stability of Laminated Anisotropic Plates—j. E. ASHTON AND T. S. LOVE . 352

Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates under Biaxial Loading— C. W. BERT, B. L. MAYBERRY, AND J. D. RAY 362

Methods of Joining Advanced Fibrous Composites—R. N. DALLAS . . . .381

Diffusion Bonded Scarf Joints in a Metal Matrix Composite—E. F. OLSTER AND H. c. JONES 393

Tungsten Alloy Fiber Reinforced Nickel Base Alloy Composites for High- Temperature Turbojet Engine Applications—D. W. PETRASEK AND R. A. SIGNORELLI 405

Composite Materials for High-Temperature Magnetic Applications—D. M. PAVLOVIC AND R. J. TOWNER 417

Cryogenic Boron-Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels—E. E. MORRIS AND R. j. ALFRING 430

Structural Synthesis of Composite Materials for Ablative Nozzle Extensions— N. N. AU, E. R. SCHEYHING, AND G. D. SUMMERS 444

Structural Evaluation of Long Boron Composite Columns—j. w. GOODMAN AND J. A. GLIKSMAN 460

Fracture Mechanics

Fracture Processes in Fiber Composite Materials—A. S. TETELMAN .... 473

Crack Phenomena in Cross-Linked Glassy Polymers—F. J. MCGARRY AND J. N. SULTAN 503

Fractography of Aluminum-Boron Composites—R. C. JONES 512

Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Basic Concepts and Recent Developments—CARL ZWEBEN 528

vi Contents

Fracture in Graphite Filament Reinforced Epoxy Loaded in Shear— R. c. NOVAK 540

Electrical and Photographic Techniques for Measuring Microcracking in Some Fiber Reinforced Plastics—WILLIAM MAHIEU 550

Microstrain in Continuously Reinforced Tungsten-Copper Composites— E. J. HUGHES AND J. L. RUTHERFORD 562

The Role of Bond Strength in the Fracture of Advanced Filament Reinforced Composites—A. GATTI, J. V. MULLIN, AND J. M. BERRY 573

Contents vii