composite modeling strategyfacultyweb.anderson.edu/~glg/4030/class_presentations/c...get in the way...

Composite Modeling Strategy

Materials modified from Cormier and

Cormier (1991)

Pp330-378

http://www.flickr.com/photos/38659937@N06/ / CC BY-

NC-ND 2.0

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Select

Meta-model

Problem Solving Self-management

Self-monitor

Increase or

decrease?

Increase what?

Cognitive

Cognitive

Modeling

Affective

Emotive

Imagery

Behavioral

Symbolic, self,

participant,

covert

modeling &

Decrease what?

Cognitive

Cognitive

Restructuring

& reframing

Affective

Stress Inc.

Musc. relax

sys dens.

Behavioral

Antecedent

control

2

Modeling

1 Corinthians 11:1 NIV

• Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ.

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Modeling

2 Thessalonians 3:7

• For you yourselves know how you ought to follow our example. We were not idle when we were with you,

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Philippians 4:9 NIV

• Whatever you have learned or received or heard from me, or seen in me--put it into practice. And the God of peace will be with you.

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Philippians 3:17

• Join with others in following my example, brothers, and take note of those who live according to the pattern we gave you.

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Components in Many Strategies

• Self-monitoring

• Shaping

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Shaping

• Repetition

• Gradually increase time

• Gradually increase risk

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Components in Many Strategies

• Self-monitoring

• Shaping

• Modeling

• Rehearsal

• Feedback

• Repeated practice

• Self-talk

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Composite Modeling Strategy

• Rationale

• Assessment

• Intervention

• Homework

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Rationale

• Purpose (relationship of strategy to problem)

• Description

• Client willingness?

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Rationale for “Self as Model”

• Purpose: “We can use ‘Self Modeling’ to help you learn _____ because people learn by observing other people.”

• Description:– “Clients watch (live or a recording of) other people doing

things – We will record you performing the desired behavior so

you can see yourself performing the behavior.– Then you will practice the skill and I will give you feedback. – Seeing yourself perform these behaviors will help you

acquire these skills.”

• Willingness: “How does this sound to you?”

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Self as Model Steps

• Rationale • Assessment and Goal Setting

– Recording the desired behavior on tape– Editing the recording

• Intervention: Demonstrating with the recording• Homework: client self-observation and practice 15

Rationale for Symbolic Modeling

• Purpose: “Symbolic Modeling helps people learn to ________ (the client’s needed skill)

• Description:– First you will see someone demonstrating: ____.

– Next, you will practice this with my assistance.

– Then we’ll arrange for you to do this outside the interview in situations likely to be successful for you.

– This type of practice will help you perform what is now difficult for you to do

• Willingness: “Are you willing to try this now?”

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Symbolic Modeling Steps

• The goal behaviors, if complex, are divided into a series of subtasks or subskills.

• The series of subskills is arranged in a hierarchy.

• Models are selected.

• Instructions are given to the client before the modeled demonstration.

• The model demonstrates each successive subtask with as many repetitions as necessary.

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Emotive Imagery Rationale

• “You can emote pleasant thoughts or images in situations that evoke fear, pain, tension, anxiety, or routine boredom.

• You will block your discomfort or reduce the anxiety you experience in the problem situation. The technique involves focusing on imaginary scenes that please you and make you feel relaxed while in the uncomfortable situation. This procedure works because it is extremely difficult for you to feel pleasant, calm, happy, secure, or whatever other emotion is involved in the scene and anxious (tense, fearful, stressed) at the same time. These emotions are incompatible.”

• “What we will do is, first, see how you feel about engaging in imagery and look at the details of the scene you used. Then, we will decide whether emotive imagery is a procedure we want to use. If we decide to use it, we will develop scenes that make you feel calm and good and generate positive feelings for you. We will practice using the scenes we have developed and try to rehearse using those scenes in a simulated fashion. Later, you will apply and practice using the scene in the real situation. Do you have any questions about my explanation?”

• “Would you like to go ahead and give this a try now?”

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Emotive Imagery Steps

• 1. Rationale

• 2. Assessment of client’s imagery potential

• 3. Development of imagery scenes

• 4. Practice of imagery scene

• 5. Homework and follow-up

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Covert Modeling Rationale

• “This strategy can help you learn how to discuss your prison record in a job interview. I will coach you on some things you could say. As we go over this, gradually you will feel as if you can handle this situation when it comes up in an actual interview.”

• “We will be relying on your imagination a lot in this process. I’ll be describing certain scenes and asking you to close your eyes and imagine that you are observing the situation I describe to you as vividly as you can.”

• “Would you like to give this a try now?”

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Covert Modeling Steps

• 1. Rationale

• 2. Practice scenes

• 3. Developing treatment scenes

• 4. Applying treatment scenes

• 5. Homework

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Cognitive Modeling Rationale

• “It has been found that some people have difficulty in performing certain kinds of tasks. Often the difficulty is not because they don’t have the ability to do it but because of what they say or think to themselves while doing it. In other words, a person’s ‘self-talk’ can get in the way or interfere with performance. For instance, if you get up to give a speech and you’re thinking ‘What a flop I’ll be,’ this sort of thought may affect how you deliver your talk. This procedure can help you perform something they way you want to by examining and coming up with some helpful planning or self-talk to use while performing *rationale+. I’ll show what I am saying to myself while performing the task. Then I’ll ask you to do the task while I guide or direct you though it. Next, you will do the task again and guide yourself aloud while doing it. The end result should be your performing the task while thinking and planning about the task yourself *overview+. How does this sound to you? *client’s willingness+”

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Cognitive Modeling Steps

• 1. A rationale about the procedure• 2. Cognitive modeling of the task and of the self-

verbalizations•

• Client practice in the form of:•

• 3. Overt external guidance• 4. Overt self-guidance• 5. Faded overt self-guidance• 6. Covert self-guidance• 7. Homework and follow-up

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Assess and Choose

• Discuss problem situations (details)

• Choose target behaviors (sub-goals)

• Arrange hierarchy

• Choose a Method of Modeling

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Methods of Modeling

Thoughts

Cognitive

Affect

Emotive Imagery

Behavior

Approach

Live

Participant

Media

Type of Model

Other

Symbolic

Self

Self

Internal

Covert

Assess and Choose





• Select a model

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Characteristics of Effective Models

• Similar to client

• Mastery

• Repeated Exposure

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Assess and Choose





• Select a model

• Choose inductionaids

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Induction Aids

• Practice with assistance

• Coach

• Arrange a safe environment29

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Intervention

• Instruct client on what to look for

• Role reversal (client models other)

• Role play

• Feedback, positive/negative

– Client assess first

– Video assessment

– Use sandwiching

• Repeat, get reaction

• Next target behavior

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Homework

• What/why/how much/when/where/record

• Explain importance

• Shape from– overt to covert

– easy to hard

• Explain self-monitoring

• Follow-up

31http://anderson.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=30322107&op=3&o=all&view=all&subj=56200165&id=56200091


Cognitive Modeling

• Rationale

• Model of task and Self-Guidance

• Overt External Guidance

• Overt Self-Guidance

• Faded Overt Self-Guidance

• Covert Self-Guidance

• Homework32

composite modeling strategyfacultyweb.anderson.edu/~glg/4030/class_presentations/c...get in the way...

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