COMPOSITES MATERIALS: TEST THEIR QUALITY WITH SGSComposites are undergoing rapid development, especially in helping to make industrial parts lighter. In this context, SGS is offering its expertise to define the features of Organic Matrix Composite materials (OMC) reinforced with fibers (carbons, glass, flax, etc.) for transport markets (automotive, aeronautical and space, rail, sea), sport and leisure, the building industry, defence and energy.

CLIMATIC AGEING

Characterization tests may be combined with climatic ageing tests.

Indeed, SGS has one hundred or so climate chambers with temperatures ranging from -85°C to 300°C and humidity from 10 to 100%, with up to 84 m3 of floor area:

• ovens• chambers with programmable hot,

cold and humid conditions• chambers with rapid temperature

variations (up to 20°C/min in a climb without sample)

• thermal shocks

MECHANICAL CHARACTERIzATIONS

TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS

Tensile ISO527-4 et -5ASTM D3039NFEN 2561NFEN 2597

Tensile, filled hole ASTM D6742

Tensile, open hole ASTM D5766

Tensile, sandwich panel ASTM C297

Compression ISO604ASTM D695

Compression, filled hole ASTM D6742

Compression, open hole

ASTM D6484

Compression after impact (CAI)

ASTM D7137

End loading and ITTRI compression

ISO14126ASTM D3410

CLC compression ASTM D6641

3 and 4 point bending ISO14125NFEN2562ASTM D790RLT D411643

Flat and interlaminar shearing

ISO14130 NFEN2563ASTM D2344

Climbing drum peel test ASTMD1781 EN2243-3

G1C fracture toughness energy

EN6033ASTM D5528

Mixed mode fracture toughness energy

ASTM D6671

Expertise in the preparation of samples:

• specific machining of samples• bonding of gauges• bonding of tabs

In order to characterise your materials, the SGS laboratories have several machines:

• 4 machines (1 x 50 kN machine, 2 x 10 kN machines, 1 x 0.5 kN machine), 2 of which are fitted with climate chambers (ranging from -40° to 150°C)

• 1 new 250 kN machine with a thermal chamber (ranging from -80°C to 350°C), an alignment system meeting NADCAP requirements, a latest generation video extensometer and the tools required to carry out the following tests:

• tensile • compression• 3 and 4 point bending• flat and interlaminar shearing • climbing drum peel test • strain energy

Several thermal analyses devices have been set up within the laboratory:

TGA: Thermogravimetric Analyser with a range of 23°C to 1000°C and including two weighing fields of 0 to 200mg and 0 to 1g. The TGA helps to determine:

• thedegradationtemperaturesofapolymer

• the kinetics of decomposition in an inert or oxidative atmosphere

• the volatile matter, additive, polymer and fillers contents in a material

TMA: Thermomechanical Analyser with a range of -150°C to 1000°C and including penetration or expansion probes. The TMA enables measurement of:

• thechangesindimensionsofamaterial under constant stress

• the linear thermal expansion coefficients (LTEC)

• glass and other transition temperatures

• delamination times

DMA: Dynamic mechanical analyser ranging from -150°C to 500°C, frequencies of 0.01 to 200Hz and force up to 18N. The DMA enables measurement of:

• theelasticitymodulus,thelossmodulus and the damping factor according to the frequency and/or the temperature

• theglasstransitiontemperatureofapolymer

HDT: Heat deflection temperature under load.

VICAT softening temperature.

MFI: Melt flow index.

DSC: Differential scanning calorimeter ranging from -180°C to 550°C and enabling determination of:

• glass,meltingandcrystallisationtransition temperatures

• thecrystallinityratethroughmeasurement of enthalpy of fusion

• thepolymerisationratethroughmeasurement of enthalpy of reaction

• oxydationinductiontime(dynamicOIT)

• specificheatcapacity

TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS

TGA ISO 11358ASTM E1131ASTM D3850

TMA ISO 11359ASTM E831ASTM E1545

DMA PrEN6032ASTM E1640ASTM D7028ASTM D4065ISO 6721-11NFEN61006

DSC ISO 11357

HDT ISO 75

VICAT ISO 306ASTM D1525FCA 50565

MFI ISO 1133ASTM D1238FIAT 50567FORD WSKM-4D732A1

Numerous physico-chemical analyses:

TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS

Density of plastics: immersion method

ISO1183-1ASTM D792

Volume or mass content of fibers and resinVoid content

NFEN2564ASTM D3171

Fiber and resin content, mass per unit area of prepregs

NFEN2559ASTM D3529NFEN2557NFEN2331

Determination of glass fiber content - calcination method

ISO1172

Volatile matter content NFEN 2558ASTM D3530

Barcol hardness ASTM D2583NF T57-106

Humidity absorption NFEN2378 PrEN3615

SGS provides its expertise in microscopic inspections:

• Pore size and content• Examination of the structure of

composite materials • Particle counting• Dimensional measurements

THERMAL ANALYSES

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSES

MICROSCOPE IMAGE ANALYSES

OLfACTORY SENSORY ANALYSIS

The SGS sensory laboratory

has an air-conditioned assessment room with eight dimensioning cabins and an independent preparation room.

The sensory assessment is carried out by five trained and qualified panellists, whose performance and aptitude are regularly tested. The studies cover two areas:

• odour intensity assessment• identification of the nature of the

odour

The assessments may be carried out on materials or parts, in vials or in bags.

TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS

Odour intensity test on materials ASTM D4339ISO 5495PSA D10 5517 - intensity sectionVDA 270Volkswagen PV 3900SAE J1351Saab STD 1060Daimler DBL 5471 §4.17Mitsubishi ESX 83217 §4.5Volvo STD 1027,2712Ford BO 131-03GM/Opel GME 60276ISO16000-28

Identification of the nature of the odour through olfactory training on materials

Renault D49 3001PSA D10 5517- section describing re-dhibitory factorsToyota TS M0505G

Analysis on whole parts Renault D49 3046

Volatile matter content NFEN 2558 ASTM D3530

TEDLAR bag analysis Honda 8320Z-56D-E0/0-M1 §6.14Nissan M0160

fOGGING

The aim of the fogging tests is to determine, under the effect of a high temperature, the quantity of volatile products released by the various materials contained in the passenger compartment of a vehicle (the quantity that condenses on the inside of the windscreen). The assessments are made through:

• measurement of the gloss of the condensate

• weighing the condensate (gravimetry)

• measurement of the transparency (or haze) of the fogging

The SGS fogging laboratory is able to carry out these tests for all car manufacturers.

MANUfACTURERS TEST METHODS

RENAULTPSA

D45 1727D45 1727

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DIN75 201 (A or B) SAEJ1756 EN 14288ISO6452

FORD BO 11603MA 0019

GENERAL MOTORSOPEL

GME 60326GMW 3235GM9305P

VOLKSWAGEN VW 50181VW 50180PV 3015PV 3920

VOLVO VCS 1027,2719STD 1027,2711STD 429-0003

TOYOTA TSM0503G

NISSAN M0161

HYUNDAI HYUNDAI

HONDA HESD6508

MATERIAL EMISSION TESTS: VOC, SENSORY AND fOGGING ANALYSIS (COfRAC ACCREDITED)

VOC - VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Volatile organic compounds have a direct effect on health. Several standards representing the air quality have been set up to qualify and quantify the presence of these VOCs.The analyses of emissions produced by fi nished parts are carried out by taking air samples whilst the items are being packaged in test chambers such as the VCE1000 (1 m3) or SERCOV (50.9 L). The latter emission chamber is mainly required for carrying out the conditioning described in standard ISO16000-9 and recommended for the application of decree 2011- 321 of 23 March 2011: Labelling of building products, wall or fl oor coating products and paints and varnishes on their volatile pollutant emissions. SGS also has 2 emission micro-chambers. Samples are collected on TENAX tubes for analysis of the VOCs or on DNPH cartridges for analysis of aldehydes and ketones.

Volatile organic compound analyses may be carried out directly on the material or through gas sampling.

The BTEXS aromatic hydrocarbons,Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene and Styrene, and all the VOCs are monitored particularly using gas chromatography (GC/MS or GC/FID).

It is also important to monitor formaldehyde, used amongst other things in the manufacture of paints, adhesives, varnishes and maintenance products, as well as in the textile, leather and furnishing industries, in order to limit its spread to the inside of buildings and vehicle passenger compartments. It is possible to quantify its presence in a material using the high performance liquid phase chromatography technique to detect it.

4-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (TBBA) is a carboxylic acid. It in used in the plastics industry as an additive to stabilise PVC and resins. This analysis is carried out using GC-MS.

TYPE Of TESTS TEST METHODS

VOC analysis on parts Renault CDC 3700081

Total carbon mass concentration measurement

VDA 276

Toluene equivalent measurement of total VOCs and BTEXS measurement

Renault D493027

Measurement of aldehydes and ketones using HPLC

Renault D493085

Volatile matter content NFEN 2558ASTM D3530

VOC analysis on materials VDA 277VDA 278PSA 105495Volkswagen PV 3341Ford BZ157-01GM/Opel GMW 15634GM/Opel GMW8081Mitsubishi ESW83252Renault D423109Volvo STD 1027, 2714Volvo STD 429-0003Volvo VCS 1027,2749 DaimlerChrysler PB VWL 709 Nissan M0402Toyota TSM0508GSuzuki SESN2403Isuzu ISCF00001ISO 16000-25

Formaldehyde Renault D403004PSA D405535Volkswagen PV 3925GM/Opel GME60271GM/Opel GMW15635Fiat 7-G2090Volvo STD 1027,2713Volvo VCS 1027,2739 Volvo STD 4290002ISO14184-1ISOTS17226VDA 275

Building product emissions' analysis:- Conditioning in chamber (1m3 or 50.9L) - VOC analysis using GC/MS- Aldehyde and ketone analysis using HPLC

Decree 2011-321 of 23 march 2011:- ISO 16000-9- ISO 16000-6- ISO 16000-3

CONTACT

Tel.: 05 57 97 02 33 fr.contact.sercovam@sgs.com www.sercovam.com - www.sgsgroup.fr COFRAC accredited test laboratory (ISO 17025)

Accreditations N°1-1526 & 1-2014Scope available at WWW.COFRAC.FR

CIR approval(R&D tax credit)COFRAC is widely

recognised via the ILAC agreements (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation www.ilac.org)

AUTOMOTIVE OEMs AGREEMENTS

N°3

68 M

ay 2

016

© S

GS

Gro

up M

anag

emen

t SA

– 2

016

– A

ll rig

hts

rese

rved

- S

GS

is a

reg

iste

red

trad

emar

k of

SG

S G

roup

Man

agem

ent

SA

WWW.SGS.COMWWW.SGSGROUP.fR