composition of blood - mrs. benzing's classroom...
TRANSCRIPT
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BloodFunctions of Blood•Transports – O2, CO2, nutrients and hormones
• Regulates – pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure
• Protects – Blood clotting (stops excess loss)
White Blood Cells – phagocytosis
- antibodies
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Components of Whole Blood
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
temperature ~ 38°C
8% of total body weight
◦ Avg. Male – 5-6 liters = 1.5 gal
◦ Avg. Female – 4-5 liters = 1.2 gal
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Blood Composition
Plasma – 55%
A. Proteins
Albumins
54% - maintain osmotic pressure
Globulins
38% - immune response
Fibrinogen
7% - forms blood clots
B. Other solutes
Electrolytes, nutrients, gases,
enzymes, hormones, vitamins &
waste products
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Blood Composition
Formed Elements
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
◦ Erythrocytes
◦ Biconcave Discs
Greater surface to volume
ratio
“Hematocrit”
Less than 45% -Anemia!
The formed elements are composed of
Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes
These are biconcave discs that carry
Oxygen to the entire body
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Blood Composition11. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
◦ Less numerous than red(700:1)
◦ Nuclei
◦ Life span of a few days (some B and T cells remain for years)
A. Granular leukocytes Neutrophils – most abundant
Respond first to bacterial invasion
Radiation, chemotherapy and stress can reduce #
Eosinophils
Cytotoxic – release contents on invader
Basophils
Allergic responses – cause secretion of histamine
#’s increase during infection
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Blood CompositionB. Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes
B cells – make antibodies
T cells – destroy tumor cells
Bone marrow is source of
lymphocytes but T cells
mature in Thymus gland
Monocytes – become
macrophages
III. Platelets◦ No nucleus
◦ Fragments of a Megakaryocyte
◦ Essential role in blood clotting
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Hematopoiesis – process by which the
formed elements of blood develop
Red bone marrow in axial skeleton,
pectoral, pelvic girdles and proximal
epiphyses of humerus and femur.
Pluripotent stem cell – have capacity to
develop into several different types of
cells “hematopoietic stem cell.
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RBC’s
• Women average 4.8 million rbc’s/mm3
• Men average 5.4 million rbc’s/mm3
• Stimulated by hormones according to need
▪ EPO – Erythropoietin (RBC’s)
▪ TPO – Thrombopoietin (platelets)
• Terminally differentiated – never divide
• Ex. Peruvians living at 18000 feet have as many as
8.3 x 106
• Live about 120 days
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Production of Erythrocytes
Erythropoiesis
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Production of Platelets
Genesis of Platelets
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Production Of WBCs
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HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS
ABO Blood Groups
First discovered by Karl
Landsteiner in 1900
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ABO Blood Groups
The ABO blood groups consists of:
◦ Two antigens (A and B) on the surface of the
RBCs
◦ Two antibodies in the plasma (anti-A and anti-
B)
Agglutinogens and their corresponding
antibodies cannot be mixed without
serious hemolytic reactions
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ABO Blood Groups
These antigens are:
◦ Unique to the individual
◦ Recognized as foreign if transfused into another individual
◦ Promoters of agglutination and are referred to as agglutinogens
Presence or absence of these antigens is used to classify blood groups
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Agglutinogen = Antigen = name tag
Agglutinins = Antibodies
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ABO Blood Groups
RBC membranes have glycoprotein antigens on their external surfaces
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The Blood Typing Game
Nobel Prize.org
◦ Type into your browser “Blood typing game”
◦ Once on the website, click on the “Quick
Game” random patients tab
◦ Write down the blood type of your three
patients and what blood types you game them
for transfusion.
◦ Happy blood typing!
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Now we are going to find out….what is
your blood type?