5/20/2018 Composition of the Essential Oil of Clary Sage

1/3

Composition of the essential oil of clary sage(Salvia sclarea L)from Uttaranchal state, India.

Laiq ur Rahman1*

, Sanjeev Singh,Shishir Kumar Singh

1, Anand Singh

1, R. K. Verma, Anju Yadav

2,

A.K.Kukreja2, AA Naqvi

2and SPS Khanuja

2

1Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Resource Centre Purara, Bageshwar- 263688 2

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow- 226015

ABSTRACT: The essential oil is obtained by hydro-distillation from inflorescence (along withtender shoots and foliage) of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L) grown in CIMAP Resource center,Purara- Bageshwar was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty compounds were identified, whichconstituted more than 93.4 % of the oil. The major constituent of clary sage oil is linalool, linalylacetate and sclareol. It is suggested that the salvia can be grown as an economically viablecrop in Uttaranchal hills.

KEY WORD: Salvia sclarea, Lamiaceae, essential oil composition, linalyl acetate, linalool,sclareol,

IntroductionSalvia sclarea L. is an aromatic shrub of family Lamiaceae. The oil composition of salviais similar to the

oil of lavender.1It is native of the Mediterranean region and is cultivated in several countries such as

France, Bulgaria, U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Morocco. U.S.S.R is the major producer of this oil in the world.2In

India, the plant was introduced in Kashmir valley from Bulgaria and a limited amount of clary sage oil hasbeen produced.

3The essential oil of salviais very important because its used in high grade perfume and

cosmetics, flavouring liquor, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, ice creams, candies and bakedfoods.

4the clary sage oil has been studied extensively for its composition. In 1983, Ehret reported

isolating and characteristic a number of new constituents from French clary sage oil, in 1985, ter Heideexamine the chemical composition of Russian clary sage oil.

5 In 1990 Lawrence examine the chemical

composition of a number of commercial samples of French, Russian and USA clary sage oils.6Recently,

Lawrence in 1986 reviewed chemical composition of clary sage oil in detail.7In present study we examine

the chemical composition of clary sage oil in Uttaranchal, India.

Experimental

Plant Collection and Essential Oil Extraction

The plant material was collected from CIMAP, Resource Centre-Purara, Bageshwar (1,500-1,560 m ASLaltitude, 79O 5138"E longitude and 29" 38'45" N latitude.

8of Uttranchal State in western Himalayas with

a semi - tropical climate.

Extraction of the essential oils was done by hydro-distillation for three hours of thefreshInflorescence (with tender shoots and foliage) of clary sage (200 g) using a Clevenger typeapparatus. The oils were separated from the distillate and then stored in a glass sealed vials inrefrigerator.

Chemical Analysis

The Gas chromatographic analyses of the essential oil on Perkin Elmer Auto XL GC using a PE-5 column

(50m x 0.32mm x 0.25film) with temperature programme from 100C to 280C@3C/ min, initial hold

2min, hydrogen at 10psi inlet pressure; injector 220C, detector FID 300C. Data was processed onTurbochrome Navigator software

5/20/2018 Composition of the Essential Oil of Clary Sage

2/3

GC-MS analysis was performed on Perkin Elmer Turbomass system using identical column andtemperature programme, Heas a carrier at 10 Psi. Compound identification is based on Wiley and NISTlibraries search.

Results and discussion

The percentage yields of essential oil of inflorescence were found 0.1 to 0.15 %. Chemical analysis of theclary sage oil (Table-1) shows that linalool 25.61 %, linalyl acetate 48.69%, sclareol 5.24 %, -terpineol4.39 %, Geranyl acetate 3.33 % terpeniyl acetate 0.80 %, and Camphor 0.08 % The chemicalcomposition of the oil was characterized by high amounts of linalool and Linalyl acetate similar to thosefound in the oil from French, Russian and US.

5In this report sclareol percentage is maximum than the oil

obtained from above mention countries. The high concentration of linalool and linalyl acetate contributeto the delightful odour of the oil.

2it has been determined that the sesquiterpene derivative play an

important role in the aroma profile of clary sage oil. The wine like and reminiscent of ambergris odour ofthe oil may be due the polar and high boiling constituent sclareol, which is starting material for theindustrial synthesis of ambergris like odorants.

2the clary sage oil compositions are similar to the lavender

oil so it best substituent of lavender oil which is used in high grade perfume and cosmetics. There is goodscope for the salviacultivation in the country as the present report shows that the oil from Uttaranchalpossessed quality of international standard.

Table-1: Chemical composition of inflorescence of Salvia sclareaoil from Uttranchal, India.

S/N Compounds RT (min) Area (%)

1. - Myrcene 7.84 0.71

2. cis- -Ocimene 9.12 0.12

3. trans- -Ocimene 9.49 0.25

4. cis-linalool oxide 10.55 0.37

5. trans- linalool oxide 11.08 0.36

6. Linalool 11.27 25.61

7. Camphor 13.51 0.08

8. Terpin-4-ol 14.59 0.28

9. -Terpineol 15.08 4.39

10. Linalool formate 16.87 0.15

5/20/2018 Composition of the Essential Oil of Clary Sage

3/3

11. Linalyl acetate 17.30 48.69

12. Geranyl acetate 18.03 0.53

13. Neryl acetate 21.46 0.26

14. Terpinyl acetate 21.83 1.80

15. Geranyl acetate 22.65 3.33

16. Germaerene-D 28.07 0.11

17. Caryophyllen oxide 32.25 0.26

18. eudesmol 34.91 0.27

19. Manoyl oxide 49.88 0.59

20 Sclareal 55.35 5.24

Total 93.40

Acknowledgements:

The authors are thankful to the DBT & CSIR for providing the financial support.

References:

1. Lawrence BM. Perf and Flav, 1978; 3:56.

2. Gunther Ohloff. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994.

3. Shawl, A.S. Raina V.K. and Srivastava S.K.JMAPS.,1999;21: 999-1001

4. Anonymous. Essential oil and oleoresins. UNCTAD/GATT, Geneva. 1986; 208

5. Lawrence BM. Perf and Flav., 1986; 11:111-118

6. Lawrence BM. Perf and Flav, 1990; 15: 69-71

7. Lawrence BM. Perf and Flav, 1996; 21: 61-62.

8. Misra A, Kukareja A.K, Anand S, Patra N.K. Indian Perfumar. 2001; 45(1); 43-48