comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of the value ...comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of...
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Comprehensive carbon footprint analysis of the value chains
of forest industry
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Jari Hynynen
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Objectives
� to look for new value chains for forest industry, which
� are based on domestic wood supply
� increase the quantity and improve quality of raw material in a sustainable manner
� increase the value of end product
� improve the cost-efficiency of activities and processes
� are environmental-friendly and resource-efficient
� to develop comprehensive methods to analyze
� consumption of resources and energy
� carbon footprint
of the whole value chain
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SHOK Summit 20.4.20103
� Forestcluster's research program: "Intelligent,
resource-efficient production techologies" (EffTech)
� "New value chains"-project
� Joint effort of Metla and VTT
� Metla: expertise in forests and wood supply chain
(resources, management, carbon sequestration)
� VTT: expertise in sustainability assessment (life cycle
analysis, carbon footprint, eco and energy efficiency,
sustainability )
� Active participation of Forestcluster's industrial
partners throughout the project
� steering group
� expert group
Carbon footprint of the value chains- implementation of the analysis
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
CO2 from wood fibre
INCINERATION WASTE DISPOSAL
Wood fibre Other raw
materialsEnergy
Emissions and
Solid waste
PAPER TO THE CUSTOMER
PRINTING AND
CONVERTING
PAPER RECYCLING
RAW
MATERIALS’
PRODUCTION
PAPER AND BOARD
MANUFACTURING
RECOVERED PAPER
USE
What is a life cycle?
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Carbon footprint
Amount of green house gases produced
along product’s life cycle
• Includes fossil greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. CO2 and CH4)
• Results are reported as carbon dioxide equivalents
• Can be calculated for products or companies
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Carbon footprint of wood supply
1.Emissions
� Silvicultural practices
� regenation
� precommercialthinnings
� Harvesting
� Forwarding
� Biomass recovery
� Secondary haulage
photos: Arto Rummukainen & Pentti Niemistö/Metla
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Carbon footprint of wood supply
2.Carbon sequestration
Managed stand
Unmanaged standphotos: Erkki Oksanen/Metla
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Integrated TMP-SC mill
Energy for pulp andpaper mill
Energy for chemicals
Production of chemicalsand fillers
Pine supply
Energy wood supply
Spruce supply
Chemicals and f illers
Energy f or chemicals
Energy f or p&p mill
Pine supply
Pulp and paper manuf acturing
Spruce supply
Transport
Carbon footprint of a pulp and paper mill
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
User-defined input
Analysis
Economical
parameters- wood prices
- unit costs
Timber assortment
criteria
Logging
parameters- logging method
- time and energy
consumption
MOTTI-system
Management
options
Prediction of dynamicsand biomass production
of forest stands
Regeneration - Growth - Mortality
Stand simulation
Output of the results
Quality
- wood & biomass
Biodiversity
Carbon
- sequestration
- footprintEconomics
- cost efficciency
- profitability
Yield
- stemwoodby assortments
- biomass by
compartments
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
KCL-ECO Software in LCA-calculationsUnit processes of SC-paper life cycle: cradle to gate -approach
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Case study: Value chain of paper industry utilizing
domestic spruce as raw material
� alternative wood supply scenarios calculated for a
hypothetical uniform forest area located in southern
Finland
� consists of even-aged pure spruce stands
� even age-class distribution of forest stands
= > constant annual harvested removals of wood and biomass
photo: Erkki Oksanen/Metla
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SHOK Summit 20.4.201012
First case of wood product/process chain
Alternative wood supply chains from spruce stands in Southern Finland
Traditional
management•planting
•precommercial &
commercial thinnings
Extensive
management• unmanaged
Short-
rotation
pulpwood
production•planting
•no commercial
thinnings
PulpwoodSaw timber Energy wood
Wood production scenario y
Energy wood Pulpwood
TMP
SCKrafty%
SEC y MWh/t
Paper quality
Energy
Wood production scenario x
Energy wood Sawmill
Sawmill chips
TMP
SCKraft
SEC x MWh/t
x%Paper quality
Energy
Pulp and paper industry
Mechanical forest
industry
Energy production
Process x Process y
Man
ag
em
en
t str
ate
gy
Typ
eo
f ra
wm
ate
rial
Ind
us
tria
lp
roce
sses
Management adjusted
to climate change•combined wood and biomass
production
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Traditional
management
Short rotation
management
Climate
change
adjusted
management
Extensive
management
Natural mortality
Energy wood
Pulpwood
Saw timber
Yield, m³ ha-1
An example of the analysis results
Mean annual wood production
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Traditional
management
Short rotation
management
Climate
change
adjusted
management
Extensive
management
Carbon is Stocking
Carbon, 10³ kg ha-1
An example of the analysis results
Mean annual carbon accumulation in growing biomass
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Traditional
management
Short rotation
management
Climate change
adjusted
management
Extensive
management
Silvicultural practices
Harvesting of biomass
Logging
Secondary haulage
kg CO2 eq ha-1
year-
1
An example of the analysis results
Mean annual CO2 emissions from management operations
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND
SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Life cycle results for SC paper: cradle to gate
CO2 eq. = CO2 fossil + 25*CH4 + 298*N2O
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SHOK Summit 20.4.201017
Conclusions
� we developed a comprehensive and flexible method for carbon footprint analysis
� demonstrated the impact of different activities within the value chains on the carbon footprint
� we created a network and new operations model
for smooth co-operation
� work continues in the 2nd stage of EffTech
program: upscaling the analysis to national level
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SHOK Summit 20.4.2010
Thank You!
...and to the research team:
Katri Behm VTT
Laura Sokka VTT
Helena Wessman VTT
Anssi Ahtikoski Metla
Mika Lehtonen Metla
Risto Ojansuu Metla
Arto Rummukainen Metla
Hannu Salminen Metla
Jouni Siipilehto Metla
photo: Erkki Oksanen/Metla