compression members
DESCRIPTION
Compression Members. Compression Members. Compression members are susceptible to BUCKLING BUCKLING – Loss of stability Axial loads cause lateral deformations (bending-like deformations). P is applied slowly P increases Member becomes unstable - buckles. Column Theory. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Compression Members
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Compression Members
• Compression members are susceptible to BUCKLING
• BUCKLING – Loss of stability– Axial loads cause lateral deformations (bending-like deformations)
P is applied slowlyP increasesMember becomes unstable - buckles
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Column Theory
Axial force that causes Buckling is called Critical Load and is associated to the column strength
Pcr depends on
• Length of member• Material Properties• Section Properties
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Column Theory - Euler Elastic Buckling
02
2
yEIP
dzyd
Governing Equation
EIPk),kzcos(B)kzsin(Ay 2 Solution
(kL)sinAyyLz@Byz@
0 0 0 0Apply Boundary
Conditions
nLEIPnkL
A
Ignore Solution Trivial - deflection No0
22
2
2
,1rLEA
LEIPn cr
P
P
y
z
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Column Theory - Euler Buckling
2
22
LEInPcr
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Column Theory - Euler Buckling
22
2
2
,1rLEA
LEIPn cr
gyration of radiusAIr
Elastic Buckling ya fAPf
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Assumptions
• Column is perfectly straight
• The load is axial, with no eccentricity
• The column is pinned at both ends
No Moments
Need to account for other boundary conditions
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Other Boundary Conditions
22
2rLEAPcr
22
5.0rLEAPcr
22
7.0rLEAPcr
Fixed on bottom
Free to rotate and translate
Fixed on bottom
Fixed on top
Fixed on bottom
Free to rotate
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Other Boundary Conditions
In generalIn general
22
rKLEAPcr
K: Effective Length FactorK: Effective Length Factor
LRFD Commentary Table C-C2.2 p 16.1-240
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Effective Length Factor
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Column Theory - Column Strength Curve
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Example I
A W12x50 is used as a column to support a compressive load of 145 kips. The length is 20 ft and the ends are pinned. Without regard to LRFD or ASD investigate the stability of the column
For a W12x50
in.96.1Minimum yrr
4.12296.1
)12(20Maximum yrL
rL
kips 9.278
4.122)6.14)(000,29(
2
2
2
2
rLEAPcr
kips 145 kips 9.278 crP OK – Column is Stable
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Example I
A W12x50 is used as a column to support a compressive load of 145 kips. The length is 20 ft the bottom is fixed and the top is free. Without regard to LRFD or ASD investigate the stability of the column
For a W12x50
in.96.1Minimum yrr
4.12296.1
)12(20Maximum yrL
rL
kips 248.63
)4.122)(1.2()6.14)(000,29(
2
2
2
2
rKLEAPcr
kips 145 kips 248.63 crP NG – Column is Unstable
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AISC Requirements
CHAPTER E pp 16.1-32
Nominal Compressive Strength
gcrn AFP
AISC Eqtn E3-1
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AISC Requirements
LRFD
ncu PP
loads factored of Sum uP
strength ecompressiv design ncP
0.90 ncompressiofor factor resistance c
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AISC Requirements
ASD
c
na
PP
loads service of Sum aP
strength ecompressiv allowable cnP
1.67 ncompressiofor factor safety c
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AISC Requirements
ASD – Allowable Stress
aa Ff
gaa APf stress ecompressiv axial computed
crcr
c
cr
a
FFFF
6.067.1
stress ecompressiv axial allowable
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To compute Fcr – ELASTIC BUCKLING
22
rKLEAPe
4)- E3 Eq.(AISC 2
2
rKLE
APF e
e
Recall Assumptions
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Assumptions
• Column is perfectly straight
• The load is axial, with no eccentricity
• The column is pinned at both ends
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To compute Fcr – ELASTIC BUCKLING
4)- E3 Eq.(AISC 2
2
rKLE
APF e
e
877.0 ecr FF Accounts for Imperfections
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To compute Fcr – INELASTIC BUCKLING
22
rKL
AEP te
yF
F
cr FF ey
658.0
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Design Strength
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Alternatively
e
e
FE
rKL
rKLEF
2
2
2
yFE
rKL 71.4
ye FE
FE 71.4
2
ye FF 44.0Inelastic Buckling
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In Summary
877.0
44.0or
71.4 658.0
otherwiseF
FF
FE
rKLifF
F
e
ye
yy
F
F
cr
ey
200rKL
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Example
A W14x74 of A992 steel has a length of 20 feet and pinned ends. Compute the design strength for LRFD and the allowable compressive strength for ASD
Slenderness Ratio
20077.9648.2
)12)(20)(1(Maximum yrKL
rKL
11350000,2971.471.4
yFE
BucklingInelasticFE
rKL
y
71.4
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Example
ksi 56.3077.96
)000,29(2
2
2
2
rKLEFe
ksi 21.25658.0658.0 56.3050
e
y
FF
crF
kips 6.549)8.21(21.25 gcrn AFP
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Example
kips 6.549)8.21(21.25 gcrn AFP
LRFD
kips 4956.549)9.0(9.0 gcrnc AFPASD
ksi 31.15)21.25)(6.0(6.0 cra FF
kips 330)8.21(31.15 gaAF
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Homework
4.3-14.3-44.3-6