compressors (1) (1).pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPRESSORS
Group Members:
M. Fahad PP-038Taha Hassan PP-049
Ayesha Shoaib PP-032
Rimsha Khan PP-037
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WHAT IS A COMPRESSOR?
Compressors are mechanical devices that compressgases.
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WHY THE NEED?
Compressors have many everyday uses such as:
• Air conditioners (in cars, homes)
•
Home and industrial refrigeration• Hydraulic compressors for industrial machines
• Air compressors for industrial manufacturing
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CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPRESSORS
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
COMPRESSORS In this type the volume of the cylinder is reduced
mechanically to compress gas.
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DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS
In this type the centrifugal force or the velocity ofmoving gas is used for the compression of gas.
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SINGLE-ACTING
COMPRESSORS It is a compressor that has one discharge per
revolution of crankshaft.
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DOUBLE-ACTING
COMPRESSORS It is a compressor that completes two discharge
strokes per unit of crankshaft. ost of the heavyduty compressors are dou!le acting.
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ROTARY SCREW
COMPRESSORS"otary screw compressors name given!ecause of two counter#rotating screws.
$here are two types of rotary compressors:
• %il#in&ected
•%il#free
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MECHANISM'. %utside air rst travels through a
lter.
. Air goes through an inlet valve andinto the space !etween theinterlocking screws.
*. $he air moves along and travels tothe other end of the compressioncham!er.
+. $he area in which the air is
contained gets increasingly smaller.. In %il#In&ected, mi-ture ows into a
separator tank where the two areseparated.
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PROBLEMSPROBLEM # 1
Compressor shuts down on high#temperature
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
• $oo low oil level
• /rong type of oil
• $hermostatic valve not working
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
• ake up the oil level.
• 1se the appropriate type of oil
• "eplace2"epair the thermostatic valve
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PROBLEM # 2
Compressor does not !uild up pressure
POSSIBLE CAUSES :
• Air leaks in shop
• Inlet valve malfunction
• Air demand e-ceeds compressor output
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
•
3ind and - shop air leaks• Check inlet valve for proper function
• Check air usage re4uirements on machinery
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CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
In centrifugal compressors continuous conversionof kinetic energy into pressure energy takes place.
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MECHANISM
'. 5ow pressure gas entersthe compressor.
. 6ains kinetic energy andpressure in impeller.
*. 7inetic energy isconverted in pressure
energy in the di8user.
+. 6as leaves the compressorat a higher pressure.
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SURGING
A momentary !ack#ow through the compressorfrom the discharge side to the suction side.
%ccurs when mass ow of gas falls !elow acritical level.
9urging causes:•
i;culty in maintaining the speed.• $emperature rise within the compressor.• <oise in the compressor.
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ANTI SURGE SYSTEM
COMPRESSOR
ANTI SURGECONTROLLER
COOLER
ANTI SURGE VALVE
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A reciprocating compressor or pistoncompressor is a positive#displacementcompressor that uses pistons driven !y a
crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.
RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS
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MECHANISM
'. $his type of compressoruses piston#cylinder tocompress the air.
. =iston moves !ack andforth to compress the air.
*. Compressor takes insidesuccessive amount of airand conne it in a closed
surface.+. =iston moves upward and
compresses the air anddisplaces it through
e-haust valve.
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PROBLEM # 1 Compressor pump knocking
POSSIBLE CAUSES: • 5oose motor pulley or y wheel• 5ow oil level in pump• Car!on !uild up on valve or piston
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: • Inspect2 $ighten pulley > ywheel• Check compressor pump oil level• Inspect valves > pistons for car!on !uild up
COMMON PROBLEMS
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PROBLEM # 2 5ow discharge pressure
POSSIBLE CAUSES: • Air leakage in lines• 5eaking valves• /orn cylinder or piston rings
POSSIBLE SOLUTION S:
• $ighten or replace leaking ttings• Inspect air lines or pipes in shop
• Inspect2 "eplace piston rings
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PROBLEM # 3 ?-cessive oil discharge in air
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
• %il level in pump too high• ?-cessive duty cycle of pump•
/orn cylinder or piston rings
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
• "educe oil level• "educe compressor duty cycle• "eplace piston rings
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