computer
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Computer Fundamentals
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A Computer Is a System
Input Processing Output
Data is entered into the
computer
Becomes useful
information
The data is processed by adding, subtracting,
and sorting
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Example
Input Processing Output
Data for student registration
A schedule for the student is created.
Registration requests are checked against the
lists (database), and if room is available, the student is added to the
class list
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Computer Components
Hardware: Equipment
Keyboard, monitor, system, scanners, mouse, etc. Microchips, motherboard, ports
Software: Instructions
Programs
Hardware & Software are required for the computer to work.
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Hardware System
Input Processing Output
Storage
Input hardware include:
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Voice
Output hardware includes:
• Printer
• Screen
• Sound
Processing hardware is microprocessor (i.e. Intel
Pentium Processor)
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Input Hardware: MouseAs the mouse is moved, the cursor on the screen mimics the mouse movement.Types: Ball – motion of the ball in the mouse
detected by wheels within the mouse. Gets dirty. Depends on smooth surface.
Optical – small camera replaces the ball.
Stays clean. Can be used on any surface.
Wireless - no wire connecting the mouse to the computer.
I
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Input Hardware: Keyboards
Text and commands are entered using the keyboardSpecialized keys include: Escape (ESC) Delete & Backspace Number Lock (Num Lock) Arrow keys Caps Lock Function Keys Enter Key
Types:
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Input Hardware: Scanners
Text and graphics are digitized to become computer files.
Types: Flatbed (most
common) Handheld
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Processing Hardware: Microprocessors
2 types: Intel architecture:
Used with IBM-compatible PCs
Intel Pentium Celeron AMD
Motorola: Used with Macintosh computers
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Microprocessors + RAM
Microprocessor (CPU)
Adds, subtracts, sorts, etc.
Storage (RAM)
All data and instructions must
be loaded into RAM to be used by the microprocessor
Data & instructions move
back and forth
Hard Drive: used for virtual RAM, and to store
files for later use.
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Printers
Inkjet small droplets of inks Color Versatile Inexpensive to buy,
expensive to maintain
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Laser
Usually black and white (some color available but rare)
High quality print Expensive to buy,
less expensive to print
Faster than inkjet
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Hardware System: Storage
Input Processing Output
Storage
Internal or Primary
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Volatile
External or Secondary Storage
• Magnetic Disk
• Hard drive
• Floppy drive
• Zip Disk
• CD-ROM
2 Types of Storage
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Units of Storage
Size: Bit (binary digit) = 0 or 1 Byte = 8 bits = 1 character K (kilobyte) = 1,024 bytes Mb (megabyte) = 1 million
bytes Gb (gigabyte) = 1 billion
bytes
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How Much Can a Computer Hold?
Primary storage (RAM) Units of 32 megabytes (Mb)
Example: 32 Mb, 64 Mb, 128 Mb The higher the number, the more the
computer can process at once
Secondary storage (disk or CD-ROM) Hard drives – gigabytes Floppy disks – 1.4 Mb Zip disks – 100 Mb & 250 Mb
CD-ROM – approximately 400 Mb
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Computer Software
System SoftwareOperating System – instructions that
make the hardware workMicrosoft Windows for IBM-Compatible PCsMacintosh OS for Macintosh computersOthers: Unix, Linux, etc. – not as common
UtilitiesFormattingHousekeeping
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Computer Software (continued)
Application Software Word Processing – Word, WordPerfect,
Works, etc.Graphics editingWeb authoringAny software that a specific purpose or
application.
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How to Format a Disk
PCRight-click on My Computer on the desktopClick ExploreRight-click on the disk drive where the disk
you need to format is contained – usually the floppy disk drive (usually drive A) or the Zip Disk
Click Format