computer
DESCRIPTION
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SUB-COMPUTER
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGEN
CEINTEGRETED CIRCUIT
MICROPROCESSOR
GENRATION OF
COMPUTER
TRANSISTERSVACCUM
TUBES
1st gen
.
2nd gen
.
3rd gen
.
4th gen.
5th gen
.
Vacuum TubesAdvantages:1. Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.
2. Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computers.
3. These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time.
Disadvantages:1. To bulky in size.
2. Unreliable.
3. Air conditioning required.
TransistorAdvantages:1. Smaller in size as compared to first generation computers.
2. More reliable.
3. Less heat generate.
Disadvantages: 1.Frequent maintains required.
2. Manual assembly of individual components into a functioning unit was required.
3. Commercial production was difficult and costly.
Integrated CircuitAdvantages-1. Smaller in size as compared to previous generation computers.
2. Even more reliable then second generation computers.
3. Even lower heat generated tan second generation computers.
Disadvantage-1. Air conditioning required in many cases.
2. Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of IC chips.
Microprocessor Advantages-1. Smallest in size because of high component density.
2. Very reliable.
3. Heat generated is negligible.
Disadvantage-1. Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of LSI chips.
Artificial IntelligenceAdvantages-1. A noninvasive probe that provides painless probing to the patient.
2. Guidance path is predetermined.
3. Computer shortage of data and printout or visual can be used for patient education.
Disadvantage-1.Expensive.
2. Operator needs to understand the images provided by the computer.
3. Requires a learning curve.
Block Diagram of Computer
C.P.U
A.L.U
CONTROL UNIT
MEMORY
INPUT DEVICE
OUTPUTDEVICE
Characteristics Of Computer1- Speed
2- Accuracy
3- Reliability
4- Storage Capacity
5- Versatility
6- Reduction in man power
7- Reduction in paper work
8- Never gets tired
Application Areas Of Computer
1- Banks 12- Criminal Identification
2- Defense 13- Automation
3- Research 14- Sports
4- Education 15- Shopping Complex
5- Communication 16- Medical Sciences
6- Weather Forecasting 17- Government Centers
7- Media 18- Electronic Voting System
8- Edutainment 19- Hotels & Restaurant
9- Business 20- Airlines/Railways Reservation
10- Animation & Films 21- Library
11- Book Publishing
Functioning Of Computer(i) Input- Computer accepts the input given by the user it can be in the form of instructions or commands to do computer to operate on the data it could be a single command to do a task or a set instructions to preforms a series of steps this set of instructions is called a programme.
(ii) Storage and Retrieval- The input is stored in the memory of computer and it can be Retrieved whenever required.
(iii) Processing- The execution of instructions given to the computer is called processing.
(iv) Output- Final result or output, available to the user, either on the monitor (soft copy) or as a print out (hard copy) is called output.
Computer Hardware's
C.P.U
CD Drive
Monitor
Scanner
Floppy Disk
MODEM Printer
Floppy
Laptop
Bar Code Reader
Joystick
Computer Hardware’s
Speaker Mouse
Keyboard
Fastness Of C.P.UFastness of C.p.u depends on the Processor . The speed of C.P.U is determine by the number of instructions executed per second by Processor
Motherboard1. It is an Electronic board found at the bottom of the C.P.U.
2. It is the largest circuit board.
3. A Motherboard has a processor chip, memory chips and many other logic circuits.
4. It is also called system board, and it is the most important computer hardware.
ProcessorProcessor is a chip where a large number of circuit elements are integrated onto a very small piece of silicon.
e.g. : Intel
Control Unit1. This unit controls of each and every component of the computer system.
2. It controls the transfer of data and instructions among other units of computer.
3. It is also called the Central Nervous System of computer.
Memory UnitPrimary Memory
Temporary
Secondary
Memory
Permanent
Internal Memory
R.A.M
R.O.M
Cache Memor
yExternal Memory
Memory CardFloppy
Hard disk
Pen drive
DVD
CD
1.RAM [Random Access Memory]It is a volatile memory as instruction and data stored temporarily, during its processing and lost forever when the computer is switched off.
2.RAM [Random Access Memory](i) It is non-volatile memory as it stores information. Permanently and cannot be changed.(ii) The primary use of ROM is during booting.BOOTING: It is initial program to start up the computer, when power is switched on.
3. Cache MemoryIt is a special high speed memory.It stores frequently used instruction, so that the CPU can access them quickly and easily.
Units Of Memory
Nibble- Group of 4-bitsByte- Group of 8-bitsKilo Byte- 1KB=1024 bitsMega Byte- 1MB=1024 KBGiga Byte- 1GB= 1024 MBTera Byte- 1TB= 1024 GB
C.P.U
C.P.U
INTL
E
MOTHERBOARDPROCESSO
R
SOFTWARESoftware- The set of information when executed in a particular sequence perform. The collection of such types of programs are called software.
Software increases capability of hardware and directs the computer to perform operations like inputs, processing and output.Software
Software
System
Application
Software
System Software
Its acts as interface
between user and system.
It is collection of one or more
program.It is installed by the
manufacturer.
Its designed to control the overall
operations and performance of the computer system.
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