computer api gas-lift design course using excel spreadsheets · gas lift workshop 1 computer api...

Gas Lift Workshop 1

Computer API Gas-Lift Design CourseUsing Excel SpreadSheets

• API RP 11V6: Recommended Practice for Design of Continuous Flow Gas Lift Installations ----Using Injection Pressure Operated Valves

• By Joe Dunn Clegg

Gas Lift Workshop 2

Gas Lift Design ProgramsPETROLEUMTOOLBOX

• Primary Programs• AGL-DSN• AGL-GRAD• AGL-TEMP• AGL-SPACe• AGL-SET• AGL-FLD

• Secondary Programs• COMPRESSOR• CT-TEMP• Vogel_IPR• Fet_IPR• Perm.Avg.• Perm.Series

Gas Lift Workshop 3

ADVANTAGES

• Simple & Accurate Design• No Black Box (all formulas accessible)• Economical ($495)• Easy Printout of Data• Convenient to Alter Data• For Both Injection Pressure and

Production Pressure Operated Valves

Gas Lift Workshop 4

Best Suited• For 2-3/8”, 2-7/8” & 3.5” OD Tubing • Moderate Rates• API Design Procedures

Gas Lift Workshop 5

15-Nov-97 VOGEL OIL IPR: WITH SKIN CORRECTION WELL NAME: API Problem No. 1 v:Vogel Factor (Opt) 0.2 ---PS:STATIC RES. PRESSURE 2,125 PSIA S:SKIN 0.00 'BASEPB:BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE 2,125 PSIA Re:EXTERNAL 660.0 feetPF:FLOWING BH PRESSURE 1,941 PSIA Rw:WELLBORE 0.35 feetQF:PRODUCTION RATE 200.0 BPDPRESSURE NO SKIN BASE W/SKIN IPR_VOG

2125.0 PSIA 0 BPD 0 BPD VERSION 5.12125.0 PSIA 0.0 BPD 0.0 BPD (C) COPYRIGHT1912.5 PSIA 229.5 BPD 229.5 BPD 1997.01700.0 PSIA 437.7 BPD 437.7 BPD Clegg & Boone1487.5 PSIA 624.6 BPD 624.6 BPD ALL RIGHTS 1275.0 PSIA 790.1 BPD 790.1 BPD RESERVED1062.5 PSIA 934.2 BPD 934.2 BPD

850.0 PSIA 1057.0 BPD 1057.0 BPD637.5 PSIA 1158.4 BPD 1158.4 BPD425.0 PSIA 1238.5 BPD 1238.5 BPD212.5 PSIA 1297.2 BPD 1297.2 BPD

0.0 PSIA 1334.6 BPD 1334.6 BPD

INPUT ANY NEW PWF 1200.0 PSIA new Qf= 843.4 BPD PI @ Qf= 0.91

Ql/Qmax = 1.0 - v*(Pwf/Pr) - (1-v)*(Pwf/Pr)^2

Gas Lift Workshop 6

IPR_VOG: VOGEL OIL WELL IPR

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 500 1000 1500 2000PRODUCTION RATE (BPD) OR (M^3/D)

PWF;

FLO

WIN

G P

RES

SUR

E (P

SIA

) OR

(kPa

)

NO SKIN WITH SKIN

API Problem # 1

Gas Lift Workshop 7

Outflow: Multiphase Vertical Flow• Empirical Models• Gilbert (CA oil wells)-developed 1940 to1950 but published in 1954• Poettmann & Carpenter (no slip) -1952• Baxendell & Thomas (high rate extension of P&C)-1961• Duns & Ros (lab data)-1961• Ros & Gray (improved D&R)-1964• Hagedorn & Brown (most used--slip?)-1964• Orkiszewski (Exxon composite)-1967• Beggs & Brill (incline flow)--1973• MMSM ( Moreland-Mobil-Shell-Method)-1976• Mechanistic Models $• Aziz, Grover & Fogarasi-1972• OLGA –Norwegian- 1986• Ansari. Et al. – 1990• Choksi, Schmidt & Doty-1996• Brill, et al

Shell : Zabaras-1990Others

Gas Lift Workshop 8

.

0 1 2 3 4 51

2

3

4

5

Thousands

Thou

sand

s

RATE (BFPD)

Pwf:

BH F

low

ing

Tubi

ng P

ress

ure

(PSI

G)

1.995"

2.441"

2.992"

3.467"

3.958"

TUBING PERFORMANCE (OUTFLOW) CURVESFOR 10,000 FT WELL W/ 1000 GLR & 50% CUT

Typical Tubing Outflow Curves

Rate in 1000 BFPD

PwfPwfin 1000psi

Gas Lift Workshop 9

PrPwf

o

E.C.

Upper Gradient Curves (Trace)

Lower Gradient Curves(0.42 psi/ft above BP)

200

Gas Lift Workshop 10

Depth(ft)

Pressure (psig)

14001000600

x400 bpdx500 bpd

x600 bpd

x700 bpd

Gas Injection Pressures

Equilibrium Curve

Benefit from Higher Gas Injection Pressure

0

.

Dw

x 200 bpd


Problem: API RP 11V6 Exp. No. 1Q=Production-maxDw=Depth--8000’Pws=BHP 2125 psigTest: 200 BFPDw/ Pwf = 1941 psigRGO=GOR--700 Water Cut --50 %Oil Gravity 35 ‘APIWater SG 1.07Gas Gravity--.65PD = 25 psi **Min Spacing = 250’

Csg Size -- 7” ODTbg Size--2.875”ODPwh = 100 psigPg=Inj gas--1200 psigQi=Inj -- <750 MCF/DGs=Grad--.465 psi/ft Tf=BH Temp--178 ‘FTs = 78 ‘FTwh=Flow Temp?Pb = Pr psig Gfb= 0.40 psi/ft


15-Nov-97 GAS LIFT DESIGN PROGRAM------------INPUT DATA---

WELL NAME: API Example No. 11 Pwh: WELLHEAD 100 psi AGL_DSN VERSION 5.02 Pg:INJ GAS PRES 1200 psi (C) COPYRIGHT 1992-963 SGi: SG .of Ig 0.650 air=1 BY DOUGLAS M. BOONE4 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF 78 'F AND JOE DUNN CLEGG5 Tf:TEMP OF FORM 178 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Dw: DEPTH: TVD 8000 ft7 Tbg: TUBING ID 2.441 in --CALCULATIONS--8 Pr:FORM PRES 2125 psi GAS Wt. 0.033 psi/ft9 Pb:BUBBLE POINT 2125 psi INJ PRESS @ TD 1464 psi

10 Pwf: FLOW BHP 1941 psi Qmax:MAX RATE 1335 bfpd11 Ql: TOTAL FLOW 200 bfpd -CHECKS--12 Gfb: LOW GRAD 0.40 psi/ft Pr: ok13 Gff:UPPER GRAD ADJ 1.00 Pb: ok14 START: INITIAL 400 bfpd Pwf: ok15 INC:INCREASE RATE 50 bfpd16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)

8


API Example No. 1 LIFTFLUID INJ. TBG CSG DEPTH

RATE Pwf LEVEL GFA DEPTH PRES. Pgd OK bfpd psi ft psi/ft ft psi psi

---------- -------- ------- ------ ------- -------- -------- ---0 0 0 0.080 0 100 1200

1 400 1740 3650 0.106 5305 662 1375 OK2 450 1687 3783 0.109 5549 706 1383 OK3 500 1632 3920 0.113 5802 753 1392 OK4 550 1575 4062 0.116 6068 802 1401 OK5 600 1517 4208 0.119 6346 855 1410 OK6 650 1457 4359 0.122 6637 911 1419 OK7 700 1394 4515 0.126 6943 971 1429 OK8 750 1329 4677 0.129 7266 1036 1440 OK9 800 1261 4847 0.132 7607 1104 1451 OK

10 850 1190 5024 0.135 7968 1178 1463 OK8000 1464

PRESS [Ctrl"][C] TO VIEW EQUILIBRIUM CURVE CHART

Alter by changing Gff


AGL_DSN: EQUILIBRIUM PROGRAM

0

500

1000

1500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

DEPTH (ft) or (meters)

PRES

SUR

E (p

si)

or (b

ar)

NEEDED INJ PRESSURE GAS INJ PRESSURE INJ GAS-SF

400 BFPD

850 BFPD


***GRADIENT CURVE FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW*** 15-Nov-97***TYPICAL GRADIENTS FOR 50 % CUT WELLS***

WELL NAME: API Example No. 1--INPUT DATA--- 1 Ql:TOTAL PROD RAT 800.0 bfpd 800 Increments of 100 bfpd

100 to 1000 bfpd & 1500 & 20002 TBG: TBG ID 2.441 in OK STANDARD API SIZES

For 1.995,2.441,& 2.992 inches3 CUT:Water cut ratio 0.50 b/b OK

(BASE CASE 0.50,OK IF CUT >0.35)4 Pwh:Wellhead press 100.0 psi OK RANGE 25 TO 499 PSI

Base case for 100 psig5 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)

Base on Modified Ros-Duns Correlation's


AGL_GRAD: GAS LIFT GRADIENT CURVES

0500

100015002000250030003500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000


PRES

SUR

E (p

si) o

r (ba

r)

GLR=250(44.5) 500(89) 750(134)1000(178) 1250(223) 1500(267)

GLR = 0


.

0 1 2 3 4 5500

1000

1500

2000

2500

ThousandsTotal Gas (Formation+Injection) in MCFD

Pt: T

ubin

g Pr

essu

re @

500

0 ft

in P

SIG

Gas Lift PerformanceFor 2.992"Tbg & 2000 BPD

Excessive GasOpti-mumGas

@ 5000’

Max Rate

Excessive Gas

InsufficientGas

MMCFD


Choke Chart660


15-Nov-97 **PREDICTING TEMPERATURE PROFILES** (C) COPYRIGHT 92 & WELL NAME: API Example No. 1 VERSION 5.0

--INPUT DATA--- --CALCULATIONS-- 1 Pwh: Wellhead Pressure 100.0 psi Tg:TEMP GRAD 1.250 'F/100'2 Ts:Surface Temp 78.0 'F Cpl:SPEC. HEAT 0.743 BTU/lbm3 Tf:Temp of Formation 178.0 'F f:DIM.TIME 2.306 't4 Qo:Oil Rate 425.0 bopd SGo: OIL wt. 0.850 sp.gr.5 Qw:Water Rate 425.0 bwpd Wt1:MASS FLOW 3.48 lbm/sec6 Qg:Form. Gas Rate 298.0 mcfd Wt2:MASS FLOW 3.78 lbm/sec7 API: Oil Weight 35.000 'API U1:HEAT t.c. 111.678 SGw: SG. Water 1.070 sp.gr. U2:HEAT t.c. 6.309 SGg: SG Gas (Air = 1) 0.650 air=1 A1: COEF. 1.80E-04

10 TBG: Tubing OD 2.875 in A2: COEf. 9.53E-0611 CSG: Casing OD 7.000 in SGM1:CORRECTION -0.00312 Dw: Total Well Depth 8,000 ft SGM2:CORRECTION -0.00413 Di: Depth of Gas Inj. 7,950 ft Flowing Twh = 131 'F14 Qi:Gas Lift Inj. Rate 527 mcfd15 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)

Based on paper by Sagar, Doty & Schmidt


AGL_TEMP: FLOWING TEMPERATURE PROFILE

0

50100

150

200250

300

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


TEM

PER

ATU

RE

('F) o

f ('C

)

STATIC TEMP FLOW TEMP

131 ‘F


SGi Tgs Twh

Injection PressureValveWorksheet

Psep

100’

25’


15-Nov-97 ***GAS LIFT SPACING DESIGN*** WELL NAME: API EXAMPLE No. 1

--INPUT DATA---1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_SPAC VERSION 5.02 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES 100 psi (C) Copyright 19953 Pg:INJ. GAS PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE4 Gs: FLUID GRAD. 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF. 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Twh: FLOW TEMP WELL 131 'F7 Tf:TEMP FORM. 178 'F8 SGi: INJ GAS (AIR=1) 0.6509 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft

10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 544 psi11 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft 12 PI2; LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi Pgd:MAX Ig PRES 1464 psi13 Dw: MAX TVD 8000 ft Gg:INJ GAS GRAD 0.033 psi/ft14 Dmin:MIN SPACE 250 ft15 PD: PRESSURE DROP 25 psi16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)


API EXAMPLE No. 1 Ppd(n) Pul(n) Pgd(n) TBG PRESUNLOAD MAX CSG***VALVE/MANDREL DEPTH*** psi psi psi

------------------------- ------- ---------- --------- -------SURFACE 0 100 1200 1200DEPTH VALVE # 1 2497 ft 350 1261 1282DEPTH VALVE # 2 4548 ft 623 1304 1350DEPTH VALVE # 3 6066 ft 865 1329 1400DEPTH VALVE # 4 7083 ft 1045 1337 1434DEPTH VALVE # 5 7702 ft 1162 1333 1454DEPTH VALVE # 6 8000 ft 1221 1301 1464DEPTH VALVE # 7 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 8 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 9 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 10 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 11 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 12 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ATVD: MAX VALVE DEPT 8000 ft 1221 1464


AGL_SPAC: GAS LIFT SPACING

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


PRES

SUR

E (p

si) o

r (ba

r)

GAS INJ TBG SPACING


WELL NAME: Example Pvcd(n)D(n) Ppd(n) Pio(n) Piod(n) Tv CT Pvo(n) Qgi Pvc(n) V close

NO. DEPTH TBG PRES SURF V open @ VALVE TEMP T-R INJ GAS Surf close @ depth ft psi psi psi 'F - psi mscfd psi psi

(INPUT) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- ------- 0 100 1200 1200 131 - - 1 2497 350 1200 1279 146 0.836 1100 896 1109 11922 4548 623 1175 1318 158 0.817 1130 915 1103 12533 6066 865 1150 1339 167 0.803 1148 903 1094 12954 7083 1045 1125 1343 173 0.794 1153 798 1081 13155 7702 1162 1100 1333 176 0.789 1147 642 1062 13176 8000 1221 1075 1312 178 0.787 1132 483 1039 13037 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A8 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A9 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

10 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A11 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A12 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

Dw 8000 1221.0 0.0 #N/A 178 0.000 0

X

X Install 1/4” screened orifice @ 7950’

API Example No. 1 AGL_SET PROGRAM

For 3/16 inch port


AGL_SET:INJECTION PRESSURE VALVE DESIGNExample

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

DEPTH (ft) of (meters)

PRES

SUR

E (p

si) o

r (ba

r)

INJ GAS TBG Temp VALVE SPACING


How about a production pressure design for same well?

• Pseudo surface Pressure = 100+.2(1200-100) = 320 psi

• D2 = 8000’ & P2 = 1221 psi as before• D1=4000’ & P1 = 760 psi (straight line)• Use program AGL_SPACe • No valve pressure drop. PD = 0 psi


Psep

SGi

Twh

Worksheet


15-Nov-97 ***GAS LIFT SPACING DESIGN*** WELL NAME: API EXAMPLE No. 1 (Production Pressure Valves)

--INPUT DATA---1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_SPAC VERSION 5.02 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES 320 psi (C) Copyright 19953 Pg:INJ. GAS PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE4 Gs: FLUID GRAD. 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF. 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Twh: FLOW TEMP WELL 131 'F7 Tf:TEMP FORM. 178 'F8 SGi: INJ GAS (AIR=1) 0.6509 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft

10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 760 psi11 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft 12 PI2; LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi Pgd:MAX Ig PRES 1464 psi13 Dw: MAX TVD 8000 ft Gg:INJ GAS GRAD 0.033 psi/ft14 Dmin:MIN SPACE 250 ft15 PD: PRESSURE DROP 0 psi16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)

x*

x

x

* Some designers drop the Ing. Gas pressure 100 psi


AP I E X AM P L E N o . 1 (P ro d u ctio n P ressu re P p d (n ) P u l(n ) P g d (n ) T B G P R E SU N L OAD M AX C S G***V AL V E /M AN D R E L D E P T H *** p s i p s i p s i

------------------------- ------- ---------- --------- -------S U R F AC E 0 320 1200 1200D E P T H V AL V E # 1 2497 ft 592 1261 1282D E P T H V AL V E # 2 4045 ft 765 1312 1334D E P T H V AL V E # 3 5311 ft 909 1354 1376D E P T H V AL V E # 4 6342 ft 1027 1388 1410D E P T H V AL V E # 5 7176 ft 1124 1416 1437D E P T H V AL V E # 6 7851 ft 1203 1438 1459D E P T H V AL V E # 7 8000 ft 1221 1273 1464D E P T H V AL V E # 8 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AD E P T H V AL V E # 9 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AD E P T H V AL V E # 10 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AD E P T H V AL V E # 11 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AD E P T H V AL V E # 12 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AT V D : M AX V AL V E D E P T H 8000 ft 1221 1464

Note: One additional valve required


AGL_SPAC: GAS LIFT SPACING

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


PRES

SUR

E (p

si) o

r (ba

r)

GAS INJ TBG SPACING


15-Nov-97 --PROGRAM TO SET SPRING LOADED FLUID VALVES--WELL NAME: Variable Gradient Design for Fluid Valves

--INPUT DATA---1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_FLD VERSION 5.02 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES. 320 psi (C) COPYRIGHT 1992 & 963 Pg:DESIGN INJ. PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE4 Gs:FLUID GRADIENT 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Twh:FLOW TEMP 131 'F7 Tf:TEMP OF FORM 178 'F8 SGi: SG. INJ GAS 0.650 air=19 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft --CALCULATIONS--

10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 660 psi INJ GAS @ TD 146411 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft 0.104 GL VALVE PPEF RAT12 PI2: LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi 0.0330 GAS WT. psi/ft13 Dw: MAX VALVE TVD 8000 ft14 PORT/CHOKE: (1/64) 12 in15 Av/Ab:VALVE P/B RATIO 0.094 mfg Press [Ctrl][a] for valve data16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M


Variable Gradient Design for Fluid ValvesD(n) Ppd(n) Pgd(n) Piod @ Tv Qgi Pvo(n)

DEPTH TBG PRES PRES DEPTH @ VALVE INJ GAS TRO ft psi psi psi 'F MSCFD psi

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------0 0 320 1200 1300 131 1 2497 601 1282 1382 146 969 7452 4045 776 1334 1434 155 997 9243 5311 918 1376 1476 162 1008 10714 6342 1034 1410 1510 168 993 11915 7176 1128 1437 1537 173 965 12886 7851 1204 1459 1559 177 931 13667 8000 1221 1464 1564 178 923 13838 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A9 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

10 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A11 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A12 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/ADw 8000 1464.4 178

X

X 12/64” Screened Orifice @ 7950’


16-Nov-97 ARTIFICIAL LIFT SELECTION # BEFORE TAX COPYRIGHT(C) 1992-96vERSION 5.0CONSTANT MAX LIFT RATE CLEGG & BOONE: ALL RIGHTS RES

NAME: API Example DISCOUNT RATE 10.00 %INSTALLATION $500,000 $ OIL PRICE INC/YR 1.00 %MAX LIFT RATE 850 bpd INFLATION 3.00 %INITIAL GAS GOR 700 ft 3̂/b LIFT EFF 25.00 %INITIAL H2O CUT 50.00 % LIFT DEPTH 8000 ftEND OIL RATE 20.0 bopd ENERGY COST 0.00 $/k-W-hrEND GAS GOR 700 ft 3̂/b --CALCULATIONS--FLAT LIFE 0.00 yrs INITIAL OIL RATE 425 bblEFF DECLINE RATE 13.70 %/yr a:NOMINAL DECLINE 14.73 %/YROIL VALUE $20.00 $/bbl Qf:RESERVES FLAT 0 bblGAS VALUE $3.00 $/mcf Qec: RESERVES DEC 1,003,288 bblROYALTY 25.00 % Qt:TOTAL RESERVES 1,003,288 bblDIR.OP (FIXED) $500.00 $/mo Td: TIME DECLINE 20.7 YRSDIR OP(PER BFPD) $0.20 $/bbl Tt:TIME TOTAL 20.7 YRSPULL & REPAIR $200 $/mo MAX PVP INCOME $9,691,467

(C) Copyright


ARTIFICIAL LIFT FULL CYCLE ANALYSISTYPICAL HIGH RATE EXAMPLE

($2,000,000)$0

$2,000,000$4,000,000$6,000,000$8,000,000

$10,000,000

0 5 10 15 20 25

LIFE (YRS)

CU

MU

LATI

VE P

VP

INC

OM

E ($

)


The Winner

SpreadSheets$ $?WG

computer api gas-lift design course using excel spreadsheets · gas lift workshop 1 computer api...

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