Group Members Name:FAIZAN AHMEDANUM

WELCOME In The World Of

ROAD MAP: Computer Architecture Major Components Fetch-Execute Cycle Cache Virtual Memory Computer System

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE:What does “Architecture” mean?Layouts And interaction of a computer system.What is a computer system?Input Process OutputCan a Computer System be more than one computer?

Think of an Example…

BUT…..

Computer architecture deals with the functional behavior of a computer system as viewed by a programmer (like the size of a data type 32 bits to an integer). Computer organization deals with structural relationships that are not visible to the programmer (like clock frequency or the size of the physical memory).There is a concept of level in computer architecture .The basic idea is that there are many levels at which a computer can be considered ,from the highest level , where the user is running programs , to the lowest level , consisting of transistors and wires.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER:

Central Processing Unit(CPU)Random Access Memory(RAM)Hard Drive/Disk

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)Also called the “Chip” or “Processor”.The brain of the computer.Major Components:

Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) Control Unit(CU) Communication bus system.

What’s a Bus?

FETCH-EXECUTE CYCLE:

Fetch instruction from memory.

Decode instruction in control unit.

Execute instruction(data may be fetched from memory).

Store result if necessary. Repeat!

REGISTERS:Temporary storage

container used inside the CPU.

Extremely fast.Fixed size, usually multiples

of 8-bits.

PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)

Used to keep track of memory address of next instruction to be executed.

Once the instruction is fetched, PC is updated to point to next instruction.

PC= PC + d

INSTRUCTION REGISTER(IR):

Once fetched, instructions are stored in IR for execution.

CACHE:

Slower than registers. Faster then RAM. Located in front of main RAM. Different level of cache Size is usually around 1MB.

VIRTUAL MEMORY:What if a program is too big for RAM?

If a program is too big for memory (RAM), then we start using the hard drive (disk) to store data.

HARD DRIVES:

COMPUTER SYSTEM: