Computer Architecture

Opening

Yu-Lun Kuo 郭育倫Department of Computer Science and Information

Engineering

Tunghai University

Taichung, 40704, Taiwan R.O.C.

sscc6991@gmail.com

Syllabus

• Instructor– 郭育倫 , sscc6991@gmail.com

• Textbook– Computer Organization and Design, 4/e: The

Hardware/Software Interface, Morgan Kaufmann, 2010

• David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy

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Syllabus

• References– Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach,

5th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011• David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy

– Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance, 9th Edition, 2012

• William Stallings

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Why learn this stuff?

• Why and What is this course?• What is a computer?

• You want to call yourself a “computer scientist”

• You want to build software people use (Analysis) (Performance) (Design)

• You need to make a purchasing decision or offer “expert” advice

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Why learn this stuff?

• Both Hardware and Software affect performance– Algorithm determines number of source-level

statements

– Language/Compiler/Architecture determine machine instructions

(Chapter 2 and 3)

– Processor/Memory determine how fast instructions are executed

(Chapter 5, 6, and 7)

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How do computers work?

• Need to understand abstractions such as:– Applications software– Systems software– Assembly Language– Machine Language– Architectural Issues: i.e., Caches, Virtual Memory, Pipelining– Sequential logic, finite state machines– Combinational logic, arithmetic circuits– Boolean logic, 1s and 0s– Transistors used to build logic gates (CMOS)– Semiconductors/Silicon used to build transistors– Properties of atoms, electrons, and quantum dynamics

• So much to learn!6

What is a computer?

• Components:– CPU (the processor(s))– Input (mouse, keyboard)– Output (display, printer)– Memory (disk drives, DRAM, SRAM, CD)– Network

• Our primary focus: the processor (datapath and control)– Implemented using millions of transistors– Impossible to understand by looking at each

transistor

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Why learn this stuff?

• Computer Calculator everywhere

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Why learn this stuff?

• What is Computer (calculator)?

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Why learn this stuff?CPU & Memory

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Why learn this stuff?Storage

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Binary System

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Binary System

• Why binary?– Digital (Digit)

1 = 導電 = True = Open

0 = 不導電 = False = Close

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Binary System

• Memory & Storage– 128MB, 256MB, 1024MB– 4GB, 8GB, 32GB

• TB vs. GB vs. MB vs. KB– 1 TB = 1024 GB– 1 GB = 1024 MB– 1 MB = 1024 KB– 1 KB = 1024 B

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Arithmetic Logic Gate

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Basic Organization of Any Computer

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Processor

Computer

Control

Datapath

Memory

Devices

Input

Output

Keyboard Mouse

Monitor Printer

Disk

Computer Architecture

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I/O systemProcessor

CompilerOperating

System(MS Windows)

Application (IE)

Digital DesignCircuit Design

Datapath & Control

Transistors

MemoryHardware

Software AssemblerInstruction Set Architecture

Machine Organizati

on

Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine

Organization

Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine

Organization

Overview

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Textbook Contents

• 1: Computer Abstractions and Technology• 2: Instructions: Language of the Computer• 3: Arithmetic for Computers• 4: Assessing and Understanding Performance• 5: The Processor: Datapath and Control• 6: Enhancing Performance with Pipelining• 7: Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy• 8: Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals• 9: Multiprocessors and Clusters

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Syllabus

• Requirements– Participants 10% (if got zero…)– Team report 20% (15% Presentation)– Mid-term exam 30%– Final exam 40%

• TA– 蘇奕瑋– kigipaul@gmail.com

• Course website– http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~d95037

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Project Report

• Topic– CPU

• Compare different kinds of CPU architecture• Ex. Mainframe, supercomputer, PC (Dual Core,

Core 2 Duo, Quad-Core, Atom, CULV), ARM etc.– Storage Technology

• Compare different kinds of storage devices• Describe develop history and technique in detail • Ex. HD, SSD, RAM, flash, memory (storage) card

– Any related devices (Architectures)

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Project Report

• Rules and Regulations– Write a report (format: word) (One week after the report)

– Team work• No more than 5 people• Everyone must report (Personal Points)

– Time: 20~25 minutes • After mid-term exam

– Tell us the contribution of member• List at last slide

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Schedule

• 2/23 、 3/2 、 3/9 、 3/16 、 3/23 、 3/30• 4/6 Tomb-Sweeping festival(4/4)• 4/13• 4/20 mid-exam• 4/27 、 5/4• 5/11 、 5/18 、 5/25 、 6/1 Team Report• 6/8 畢業典禮 (?)• 6/15 final-exam

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