computer basics definiton

7/31/2019 Computer Basics Definiton

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S.NO NAME OF TOPIC

1 Computer,Hardware,Software,Network

5 Motherboard,CMOS,BIOS,Peripheral,CPU,Chipsets(Northbridge,

south Bridge)

12 SMPS,MEMORY,HDD,ODD

13 POST,CACHE MEMORY

14 Monitor

15 Computer Back panel color standardization

16 Installation of Pin and Pinless processor

17 Installation of RAM

18 Product guide of DG31 PR, Terminology, Motherboard part

identification with diagram

19 Installation of Input/Output shield

20 Assembly process, Diagram of PC

21 Upgraded,Downgraded,

22 PC Configuration Detail

23 PC Hardware Manufacturers

24 Computer General Troubleshooting(Theory,Practical)

25 Windows XP installation Step by Step

26 Windows XP installation Hardware Requirement

27 Windows XP Flavours

28 Windows XP installation Step by Step (Practical)

29 Computer Shortcut(Windows,MS office)

30 Windows DOS Brief


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Computer :-An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form(0,1),according to instruction given to it in a variable program.

Hardware :- Computer hardware refers to physical part of a computer and related devices.

Internal device includes motherboards, hard-drives and ram. External hardware devices includes

monitors, keyboard, mice, printers, scanners.

Software:- Software is a set of program which is designed to perform well defined function in

computer.

Network:- Computer network is a group of computers that shares information across wireless or

wired technology.

Charles babbage is father of Computer, first computer built in early 1800s.

BIOS- BASIC INPUT AND OUTPUT SYSTEM:- Bios is term that stands for basic input

and output system, which consist of low level software that controls the system hardware and act as

interface between operating system and the hardware. Most people know the term bios by other

name- device drivers. The bios contain all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk

drives, serial communications and number of miscellaneous function.

CMOS-COMPLIMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR:-Motherboardalso include a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM Chips which is kept alive by a

battery known as CMOS battery. This prevents reconfiguration when the pc is off. The CMOS RAM is

stored to basic information about pc configuration.e.g floppy, cpu, date and time, plug n play

information, power saving setting.


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Block diagram of Computer:-

Peripheral:- A peripheral is a device connected to a computer. It expands host capabilities but

does not part of computer architecture. Input and output devices also called peripherals.

CPU- CENTRAL PROCESSSING UNIT :- It is also known as microprocessor or processor.

IT is the brain of computer. The cpu is responsible for handling all instructions, it retrieves from

hardware components and software programs running on the computer.

Intel and AMD are leaders in the market.

(ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES)

Processor: - 1- Pin processor

2- Pin less processor.

CHIPSETS:-A chipset is a group of small circuits that co-ordinate the flow of data to and from keycomponents of a pc. This includes the CPU itself, the main memory, the secondary cache and any

devices situated on the buses. The chipsets also control data flow to and from hard disks drive.

A computer has two main chipsets.

Northbridge:- it is also called memory controller. It control data transfer between processor and

RAM, which is located near the processor. It is sometimes called GMCH (Graphic & Memory controller

Hub).

Southbridge:-It is also called input/output controller of expansion controller. It handlescommunication between peripheral devices. It is also called as ICH(Input output controller Hub).

Chipsets manufacturers SIS, VIA etc.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT


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Motherboard:-The main printed circuit board in a computer is known as motherboard or mainboard or system board. The motherboard act as the connection point where major computer

components are attached to it. It holds many important component of system like processor, memory

etc.

Cache Memory:-IT is a small block of high speed of memory(RAM) that enhances pcperformance by preloading information from the main memory passing it to the processor on demand.

Expansion Buses:-An input/output pathway from cpu to peripheral devices made up of a seriesof slots on the motherboard. PCI is the common expansion bus in pc.

Memory:-More commonly known as RAM, memory is location where information is stored that iscurrently being utilized by operating system, software program, hardware device.

There are two type of Memory

1- RAM Random access Memory(Voltile Memory):- It is memory thatloses its content when computer or hardware device loses power. E.g RAM. We can perform

read and write operations.

2- ROM- Read only Memory(Non Voltile Memory):-ROM stands Read onlymemory. Its not loses data when power is lost e.g bios

Harddisk :- Hard drive is the computers main storage media device that permanently stores alldata on the computer. RPM(Revolution per minute) determines how fast your hard-drive will access

data.

Typical RPM Value.

Desktop:- 7200 rpm

Laptop:- 5000 rpm

Server:-10000 rpm

The hard disk available in GB capacity . E.g 40GB, 80 GB.


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Optical Disc drive:-It is used for reading & write data on optical drive depend upon the ODDinstalled.

CD-ROM: CD -Read

CD-REWRITABLE: CD- Read, CD - Rewrite

DVD-ROM: CD -Read, DVD- Read

DVD-REWRITABLE: - CD Read, CD Rewrite, DVD- Read, DVD- Rewrite

COMBO:-CD Read, CD-Rewrite, DVD-Read

Capacity of one CD is 700 MB, while capacity of one DVD is 4.7GB.Capacity of blu-ray disc is 25 GB.

SMPS: Switching mode power supply:- IT provides supply to different part of

computer.

The typical voltage produced by SMPS is

1) 3.3 Volt2) 5 Volt3) 12 VoltThe 3.3v and 5v used b digital circuit. 12 Volt used for running motors in disk drives and FAN.

Assembly Process(New PC Installation):-

Step 1:-

1. Firstly take motherboard & install processor as per manual given withmotherboard

2. Apply a thin layer of cooling paste on CPU surface as well as bottom ofCPU FAN.

3. Install CPU FAN as per manual given with motherboard.


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4. Install RAM in RAM Slot, for supportability refer the motherboardmanual.

5. Connect the CPU Fan power connector to the motherboard.Step 2:

1. Install the I/O Shield as per manual.2. Install Motherboard, SMPS, ODD,HDD in respective area.3. Connect the power and data connector in respective area.

Step 3:

1. After Installing a PC ensure that all connection should be correctand proper.

2. If there is any mistake refer the motherboard manual.3. All the wire inside pc should be bounded by Tie & appear should

be good.

Computer Abbreviation :-

COMPUTER Commonly operating machine particularly used for technical

education and research.

LCD- Lquid Crystal Display

TFT- Thin Film Transistor

LED- Light Emitting Diode

AVR- Automatic Voltage Regulator

UPS- Uninterrupted power supply

NTFS- New Technology File system

FAT- File Allocation Table


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RAM- Random Access Memory

ROM- Read Only Memory

DVD- Digital Versatile Disk

CD- Compact Disk

HDD- Hard Disk Drive

ODD- Optical Disk Drive

FDD- Floppy Disk Drive

POST Power on Self test

CMOS- Complimentary Metal oxide semiconductor.

GMCH- Graphic and Memory controller Hub

ICH- Input Output Controller Hub

SMPS- Switch Mode Power supply

DIMM- Dual Inline memory module

SIMM- Single inline memory module

DDR- Double data rate

CPU- Central Processing Unit

PC Personal Computer

MBR- Master boot Record

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer

EULA- End user license Agreement

CRT- Cathode Ray tube

SSI- Small scale integration


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MSI Medium scale integration

LSI Large scale integration

VLSI Very large scale integration

AMD Advanced Micro Devices

BIOS Basic Input output system

ATX- Advanced Technology Extended

SATA Serial advance technology attachment

PATA Parallel advance technology attachment

GPU graphic processing unit

PCI Peripheral component interface.

PGA Pin Grid Array

LGA Land Grid Array

bbcr

computer basics definiton

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