computer basics hardware

7/28/2019 Computer Basics Hardware

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Welcome

ToPresentation

On

Computer Hardware

By

R.Venkata Ramana

Manager(IT)


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Learning Objectives

When you finish this Session, you will Learn:

Bits and Bytes

Computer, Types of Computers

Basics of Hardware

System specifications for procurement


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Memory

Unit of Memory is Byte which is combination of

8 bits 1024 Bytes------------1 Kilo Byte

1024 Kilo Bytes-------1 Mega Byte

1024 Mega Bytes-----1 Giga Byte

1024 Giga Bytes------1 Terra Byte


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Types of Computers

Digital: A digital computer uses Digital Technology. (On

and Off). Most computers used for information

processing are of this type.

Analog: An Analog computer is designed to process

continues physical quantities. Which can use infinite

number of values not just simple on and off.Ex: Computers to monitor Temperature, Voltage


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Computers

Desktop Computers (Home, Commercial)

Laptop (Home, Commercial)

Workstation

Server

Desktop vs Workstation

Desktop vs Servers


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Workstation vs Desktop

Workstations are used for mission critical applicationslike Satellite image processing Ex: NASA, APSARAC

Workstations come with high power processors, 3D

graphic Cards, multiple port for Scanners, printersMore expensive components therefore highly priced


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Desktop vs Server

Servers designed to run continuously more than 10years without shutdown

Xeon, Itanium processors

SCSI Hard disksHigh caliber fans for cooling

Multi Processors, Multiple Hard disks

Hot pluggable


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Computer Hardware

Input DevicesCPU (Central Processing Unit)

Memory--RAM

Storage DevicesOutput Devices


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Input Devices

Input devices gather and translate data into a form the computerunderstands.

Primary input device:

Keyboard - Most common input device; used to type incommands and data.

Mouse or trackballenhances users ability to input commands,manipulate text, images.

Joystickuseful in education as an adaptive or assistive inputdevice.

Light Pen

Touch Screen Scanners

Digital Cameras


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Central Processing Unit(CPU)

Brain of Computer

Two basic parts

Arithmetic Logic Unit- All calculations

Control UnitSequence of all programs to be executed and manages all

computer resources

CPU speed is measured by the number of completed instruction

cycles per second

CPU speeds range from 60 Megahertz (MHz or million cycles per

second) to 4 gigahertz (GHz or billion cycles per second).

CPU types.

Intel Pentium I, II, III, IV

Intel Celeron

Core 2 Duo 2.66 GHz

AMD Athlon X2


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Memory (RAM)

RAM or Random Access Memory

Holds instructions for processing data, processeddata, and raw data.

Data can be retrieved at random from anywhere.

When the computer is off then this memory is empty.Ram is measured by:

Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes)

Speed (in Nanoseconds)


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Memory (RAM)Amount of RAM installed will determine.

Which software applications will run (efficiently)?

How many software applications can be opensimultaneously (multitasking ability)?

RAM upgradesare cost-effective and easy to install.Check your computer manual for RAM type (DDRAM,

SDRAM)

All software applications will have RAM specifications

listed on their packaging.Many applications list both a minimumand arecommended amount of RAM necessary to run thesoftware


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Storage Devices

Hard Disk Drives

Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB orbillions of bytes).

Typically permanently installed.Used to store operating system, applicationsoftware, utilities and data.


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Storage Devices

Floppy Disk Drives

CD-R

CD-R/W,

DVD-R CD-R/W ,

DVD R//W CD R/W

Typically installed on all new computer systems.


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System Specification

Intel Core 2 Duo Processor 2.67 GHz

Intel Mother Board

4 GB RAM

320 GB Hard Disk

17 LCD Monitor

DVD R/W CD R/W drive

Keyboard and Mouse


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Summary

What is Computer, Computer

Basics of Hardware

Workstation vs Desktop

Server Vs Desktop

System specifications

computer basics hardware

Documents