computer era click to add subtitle. computers through the years
TRANSCRIPT
COMPUTER ERAClick to add subtitle
COMPUTERS THROUGH THE YEARS
Input Devices
• Click to add own text
Herman Hollerith
• 1881 - invented and used a punched card device to help analyze the 1890 US census data.
Punch card
Konrad Zuse
• 1936 – Z1 first binary computer• 1939 – Z2 first fully functioning electro-
mechanical computer• 1941 – Z3 first electronic, fully programmable
digital computer based on a binary floating-point number and switching system
• 1946 – Z4 had a mechanical memory with a capacity of 1,024 words and several card readers. Used punched cards to store programs. The Z4 had punches and various facilities to enable flexible programming including address translation and conditional branching
Z1 circa 1938
John Atansoff and Clifford Berry
• 1939-1942 - created the first computing machine to use electricity, vacuum tubes, binary numbers and capacitors.
• final product was the size of a desk, weighed 700 pounds, had over 300 vacuum tubes, and contained a mile of wire
• could calculate about one operation every 15 seconds
Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper
• designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University
• 55 feet long and 8 feet high• 5-ton device contained almost 760,000 separate pieces• controlled by pre-punched paper tape, could carry out
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results
• special subroutines for logarithms and trigonometric functions and used 23 decimal place numbers
• data was stored and counted mechanically using 3000 decimal storage wheels, 1400 rotary dial switches, and 500 miles of wire
• all output was displayed on an electric typewriter
John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert
• 1946 - developed the ENIAC I (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
• contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, along with 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, 6,000 manual switches and 5 million soldered joints
• covered 1800 square feet (167 square meters) of floor space, weighed 30 tons, consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power
• in one second, the ENIAC could perform • 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications or • 38 divisions
ENIAC
• 1949 - their company launched the BINAC (BINary Automatic) computer that used magnetic tape to store data.
• 1950 - Remington Rand Corporation bought the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation Their research resulted in the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), an important forerunner of today's computers.
Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn
• 1946 - co-invented the Williams-Kilburn Tube (or Williams Tube), a type of altered cathode-ray tube.• Williams Tube provided the first large amount of random access memory (RAM)• soon devised an improved method of storing bits, increasing the storage capacity to
2048 bits
• 1948 - worked on designing and building a prototype machine, nicknamed "The Baby,“ demonstrating the ability of the Williams Tube.
– 32-bit word length. – Serial binary arithmetic using 2 complement integers. – Single address format order code. Random access main store of 32
words, extendable up to 8192 words. – Computing speed of around 1.2 milliseconds per instruction.
IBM
• 1951 - 701 had electrostatic storage tube memory, used magnetic tape to store information, and had binary, fixed-point, single address hardware
John Bakus
• 1954 - Invented FORTRAN for IBM• formula translation was the first high
level programming language (software)
Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
• Designed monolithic (formed from a single crystal) integrated circuit placed the previously separated transistors, resistors, capacitors and all the connecting wiring onto a single crystal (or 'chip') made of semiconductor material
Steve Russell and MIT
• Invented the first computer game
Douglas Englebert
• invented or contributed to several interactive, user-friendly devices: the computer mouse, windows, computer video teleconferencing, hypermedia, groupware, email, the Internet and more.
More to come….
PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Four Main Parts of a Computer
• Input• Storage• Processor• Output
Click on box for video
Input devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
Click on box for video
Storage
• ROM or Read-Only Memory – This tells the computer how to load the
operating system– Can’t be altered or lost
• RAM or Random Access Memory– Temporary storage, constantly changing– Can be lost
• Hard drives or • Floppy drives
– removableClick on box for video
Processor
• The “brain” of the computer• Controls the functions of the rest of
the system• Usually a single computer chip
Click on box for video
Output
• Allows us to get information from the computer– Computer display– Printer– speakers
Click on box for video
Template Provided By
www.animationfactory.com
500,000 Downloadable PowerPoint Templates, Animated Clip Art, Backgrounds
and Videos