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Archive for the Computer GK Category
Computer GK-QUiZ Based on Information Technology
Posted by admin On December - 24 - 20111. “Stored Program Concept” postulated by:Ans. John von neumann2. Founder of the social networking website ‘Facebook’:Ans. Mark Elliot Zuckerberg
3. Name associated with Open Source Program:Ans. Richard Stallman4. The main routes that data travels over the internet is called:Ans. Internet backbone5. An IT term refers to allowing someone to open web pages and see web sites on the internet.Ans. Web Surfing6. An internet protocol that allows quick file tarnsmission to remote computers is know as:
Ans. FTP7. Protocol used to temporarily store new messages in your mailbox on an e-mail server is known as:Ans. POP
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8.Company which maintains internet computers and telecommunications equipment in order to provide
internet access to businesses, organizations and individuals is called:Ans. Internet Service Provider 9. The device that protects all computers in the network from many attacks is called:Ans. Firewall10. Free telephone style conversations to travel over the internet to virtually anywhere in the world isknown as:Ans. Internet Telephony
Computer GK , Computer Related GK , GK Club
History of Computers
Posted by admin On June - 9 - 2011
ENIAC( Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the first general-purpose electroniccomputer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range
of computing problems.]
ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army’s Ballistic ResearchLaboratory. When ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was heralded in the press as a “Giant Brain”. It
boasted speeds one thousand times faster than electro-mechanical machines, a leap in computing power
that no single machine has since matched. This mathematical power, coupled with general-purpose programmability, excited scientists and industrialists. The inventors promoted the spread of these newideas by teaching a series of lectures on computer architecture.
The ENIAC’s design and construction was financed by the United States Army during World War II. The
construction contract was signed on June 5, 1943, and work on the computer began in secret by theUniversity of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Electrical Engineering starting the following month under the code name “Project PX”. The completed machine was announced to the public the evening of February14, 1946 and formally dedicated the next day at the University of Pennsylvania, having cost almost$500,000 (nearly $6 million in 2010, adjusted for inflation). It was formally accepted by the U.S. ArmyOrdnance Corps in July 1946. ENIAC was shut down on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and amemory upgrade, and was transferred to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland in 1947. There, on July 29,
1947, it was turned on and was in continuous operation until 11:45 p.m. on October 2, 1955.
ENIAC was conceived and designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of
Pennsylvania.[9] The team of design engineers assisting the development included Robert F. Shaw(function tables), Chuan Chu (divider/square-rooter), Thomas Kite Sharpless (master programmer),
Arthur Burks (multiplier), Harry Huskey (reader/printer) and Jack Davis (accumulators).
Computer History
Year/Enter
Computer History
Inventors/Inventions
Computer History
Description of Event
1936Konrad Zuse – Z1
ComputerFirst freely programmable computer.
1942
John Atanasoff & CliffordBerry Who was first in the computing biz is not
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ABC Computer always as easy as ABC.
1944
Howard Aiken & Grace
Hopper Harvard Mark I
Computer
The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
1946
John Presper Eckert & JohnW. Mauchly
ENIAC 1 Computer
20,000 vacuum tubes later…
1948
Frederic Williams & TomKilburnManchester Baby
Computer & The
Williams Tube
Baby and the Williams Tube turn on thememories.
1947/48
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam ShockleyThe Transistor
No, a transistor is not a computer, but thisinvention greatly affected the history of computers.
1951John Presper Eckert & JohnW. MauchlyUNIVAC Computer
First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953
International BusinessMachinesIBM 701 EDPM
Computer
IBM enters into The History of Computers .
1954
John Backus & IBMFORTRAN Computer
Programming Language
The first successful high level programminglanguage.
1955
(In Use 1959)
Stanford Research Institute,Bank of America, and
General ElectricERMA and MICR
The first bank industry computer – alsoMICR (magnetic ink character recognition)for reading checks.
1958Jack Kilby & Robert NoyceThe Integrated Circuit
Otherwise known as ‘The Chip’
1962
Steve Russell & MITSpacewar Computer
Game
The first computer game invented.
1964
Douglas EngelbartComputer Mouse &
Windows
Nicknamed the mouse because the tailcame out the end.
1969 ARPAnet The original Internet.
1970Intel 1103 Computer
Memory
The world’s first available dynamic RAMchip.
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1971
Faggin, Hoff & Mazor Intel 4004 Computer
Microprocessor
The first microprocessor.
1971Alan Shugart &IBMThe “Floppy” Disk
Nicknamed the “Floppy” for its flexibility.
1973
Robert Metcalfe & Xerox
The Ethernet ComputerNetworking
Networking.
1974/75Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair &
IBM 5100 ComputersThe first consumer computers.
1976/77
Apple I, II & TRS-80 &
Commodore Pet
Computers
More first consumer computers.
1978
Dan Bricklin & Bob
FrankstonVisiCalc Spreadsheet
Software
Any product that pays for itself in twoweeks is a surefire winner.
1979
Seymour Rubenstein & RobBarnabyWordStar Software
Word Processors.
1981
IBMThe IBM PC – Home
Computer
From an “Acorn” grows a personalcomputer revolution
1981 MicrosoftMS-DOS Computer
Operating System
From “Quick And Dirty” comes theoperating system of the century.
1983 Apple Lisa ComputerThe first home computer with a GUI,graphical user interface.
1984Apple Macintosh
Computer
The more affordable home computer with aGUI.
1985 Microsoft Windows
Microsoft begins the friendly war with
Apple.
Computer GK , Computer Related GK , Cyber World, Discoveries and Inventions
2nd generation Processors from Intel for visibly smart
performance
Posted by admin On April - 18 - 2011
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The 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processor family brings visibly
smart performance to your business PCs—delivering benefits you canreadily see and appreciate. Users can be more productive. PCs andlaptops can be better protected. Your operation can be a smooth-running machine. Clearly, 2nd generation Intel Core processors arethe smart choice for business.
Intelligence runs in the familySmart performance is a trait of every member of the 2nd generationIntel Core processor family. That’s because every 2nd generation Intel
Core processor features remarkably intelligent technologies. Examples?
Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 automatically dials up the processor clock speed whendemanding tasks require additional power, then dials down to save energy whenever possible.¹Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology (Intel® HT Technology) and other innovative Intel®technologies enable four-way (or eight-way) processing that makes multi-tasking between business
applications quick and effortless.
And smart performance is literally on display in 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processors, as they offer stunning visual performance due to built-in visuals . There’s no need for dedicated graphics cards (or theadded cost and power requirements that come with them).
Greater performance enables seamless security
Security shouldn’t get in the way of user productivity. And that’s another reason why the exceptional performance of 2nd generation Intel Core processors is so important. It enables security applications and
protocols to run efficiently and unobtrusively in the background. In many cases, users won’t even knowtheir PCs are actively being secured. And that’s the way it should be.
New PCs for Your New Compute Environment
IT is changing at warp speed, and PCs must keep pace. That’s why 2nd generation Intel® Core™ processors bring smart performance and new capabilities to secure mobility, online rich media, and
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business operations optimization.
Computer GK , Computer Related GK
Computer Knowledge Question and Answer Series Continues
Posted by admin On March - 17 - 2011
1. The port number used by SMTP is:
25
2. A packet filter is a type of
Firewall
3. Which among the following utilities can detect a bad sector?
CHKDSK and SCANDISK
4. In 100BASE-T, ‘T’ stands for:
Twisted pair
5. A head crash is said to occur when the read-write head of a hard disk drive:
Touches the magnetic media
6. Category 5 cable includes —twisted pairs in a single cable jacket.
4
7. The port number used by the HTTP protocol is
80
8. In PowerPoint presentations, individual pages are called:
Slides
9. _________ is a powder used in laser printers to form the images on a paper.
Toner
10. Worms and Trojan Horses are examples of:
Malware
11. ___________ Printers work by selectively heating regions of special heat-sensitive paper.
Thermal
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12.The ISI mark is given by:
BIS
13. The laser printer was invented at:
Xerox
14. A flaw in a system whereby the output is unexpectedly dependent on the sequence or timing of other events is called a:
Race condition
15. A 56k modem can transfer data at up to bits per second over the phone line.
56000
16. The original implementation of the C programming language was standardized by :
ANSI
17. ________Is a signaling method that handles a relatively wide range of frequencies.
Broadband
18. Power-on-self-test is built into the:
BIOS
19. PowerPoint can embed content from other applications through:
OLE
20. The latest release of Microsoft Windows is called:
Vista
21. GRUB is an:
Boot loader
22. __________Is a family of programmable interrupt controller chips.
8259
23.card allows television signals to be received by a computer.
TV tuner
24. ________Is an IEEE 1394 implementation.
Fire Wire
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25 ‘Windows protection error’ messages may result from:
Damage to the system registry
26 Sound Blaster line of audio cards were made by :
Creative Technology Ltd.
27 Indiscriminate sending of unsolicited bulk messages is known as :
Spamming.
28. The ‘blue screen of death’ may occur due to:
All the above
29. FAT manages files in contiguous groups of sectors called:
Clusters
30. The utility which can be used to clean the windows registry is:
regedit
Computer GK , Computer Related GK
Computer GK Series-Computer General Knowledge for Exams
Posted by admin On March - 13 - 2011
Who is credited with the creation of WWWAnswer : Tim Berners-Lee
Which of the following is not a web browser Answer :HTML
MIME is associated with the followingAnswer :E mail
The mode of communication in which transmission can be bidirectional. But in only one direction at a
time is calledAnswer :Half Duplex
Error detection at the data link layer is achieved using
Answer :CRC codes
In Serial communication, start and stop bits are used for Answer :Synchronization
In a transmitter, the unmodulated signal is known as
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Answer :Baseband signal
In a computer network, routing issues are handled inAnswer :Network Layer
In a computer network, functions of dialog management and synchronization are taken care of in theAnswer :Session’s layer
Which of the following topologies has the highest reliabilityAnswer :Mesh
In data communications, bauds signify ———- rateAnswer :Signaling
ADSL is abbreviation for Answer :Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
The topmost layer in the ISO model that needs to be implemented in an intermediate node is the ———– layer
Answer :Network
VPN denotes a
Answer :Virtual Private Network
Data rate of a ring network is 20Mbps and signal propagates at 200m/µsec. The number of bits that can be
placed on the channel of length 200km is
Answer :20000bits
The frequency range over which coaxial cables are typically used is
Answer :106 to 108 Hz
In internet, the well known port 21 refers to the application
Answer :FTP
The maximum data rate possible through a noise free 4 kHz binary channel is
Answer :8000 bps
The transparency provided in a distributed system where users cannot tell how many copies of a resource
exist is termed as
Answer :Replication transparency
Which of the following configurations can be said to be tightly coupled
Answer :Shared memory multiprocessors
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In distributed systems, RPC stands for
Answer :Remote Procedure Call
Assume there are 4 file servers each with a 0.95 chance of being up at any instant. Probability of at leastone being available is
Answer :1-(.05)4
Which of the following category of classification of multiple computer systems is not generally used in practice
Answer :MISD
. In a distributed system, to ensure that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other, the
transactions must have the following specific property
Answer :Serializability
Translation Lookaside Buffer(TLB) is also called
Answer :Associative Memory
In Internet Standards Terminology, RFC refers to
Answer :Request For Comments
. Which of the following denotes a network management protocol in an internet
Answer :SNMP
IEEE 802.11 is an IEEE standard for
Answer :Wireless LAN
Computer GK
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Computer GK , News and Announcements
Computer Awareness-Computer Knowledge Question Series
Posted by admin On December - 22 - 2010
1. A group of attribute/field in a database is known as a______.
a) Record b) File c) Database d) Entry e) None
2. A ______ describe a category of information in a table of database.
a) Record b) File c) Entry d) Field e) None
3. A goal of data mining includes which of the following?
a) To confirm that data exists
b) To create a new data warehouse
c) To analyze data for expected relationships
d) To explain some observed event or condition
e) None of the above
4. The correct hierarchical order, smallest to largest, for the following database terms is:
a) File, Field, Record, Database
b) File, Record, Field, Database
c) Record, Field, File, Database
d) Field, Record, File, Database
e) None of the above
5. In RDBMS , DBA is responsible for:
a) Physical database design
b) Defining conceptual models and schema
c) Defining security and integrity rules
d) Defining backup and recovery mechanisms
e) All the above
6. When data changes in multiple lists and all lists are not updated, this causes _______.
a) Duplicate data
b) Data redundancy
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c) Data inconsistency
d) Information overload
e) None
7. Which of the following programming method is used to minimize data errors when data
is transferred over a network?
a) Checksum b) Checkbit c) Cryptography d) Encryption e) None
8. Which device act as a traffic cop over a network?
a) Modem b) Hub c) Switch d) Router e) None
9. How many layers are present in Open System Interconnection (OSI) model of network
architecture?
a) Five b) Six c) Seven d) Eight e) None of these
10. Which layer of OSI model, firstly make use of unit of data called “Packet”?
a) Datalink Layer
b) Transport Layer
c) Network Layer
d) Presentation Layer
e) None
11. Communication between computers is established, maintained and terminated by _____ .
a) Network Layer
b) Session Layer
c) Application Layer
d) Presentation Layer
e) None12. Which term identifies a specific computer on the web and the main page of the entire
site?
a) URL b) Hyperlink c) Web site address d) Domain name e) None of these
13. The place where data or information is stored for a short time is
a) Memory b) Control Unit c) Buffer d) ALU e) None
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14. The section of CPU which selects, interprets and sees to the execution of program
instructions?
a) ALU b) Control Unit c) Register Unit d) Processing Unit e) None
15. Which program is used to convert assembly language to machine language?
a) Compiler b) Interpreter c) Linker d) Assembler e) None
16. The process of finding errors in software’s source code
a) Debugging b) Compiling c) Testing d) Running e) None
17. A computer programmer
a) can draw only flowchart
b) can enter data quickly
c) does all the thinking for a computer
d) can operate all type of computer equipment
e) None
18. Primary Memory of a personal computer consists of
a) RAM only
b) ROM only
c) Hard Disk only
d) Both (a) and (b)
e) All (a), (b), and (c)
19. A Trojan horse is
a) An ad ware program
b) A virus disguised as a useful program.
c) A program that blows up every time you use itd) A spy ware which steal information over internet
e) None
20. Which one of the following is not true?
a) HTTP Protocol is used to view a web page in a browser
b) Android is Google’s operating system for mobile devices
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c) GHz is the measurement used to determine the speed of processor
d) WAN requires the same technology as LAN
e) All are true
Computer GK , Computer Related GK
CAD and CADD
Posted by admin On November - 25 - 2010
Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), is theuse of computer technology for the process of design and design-documentation. Computer AidedDrafting describes the process of drafting with a computer.
CADD software, or environments, provide the user with input-tools for the purpose of streamlining
design processes; drafting, documentation, and manufacturing processes. CADD output is often in theform of electronic files for print or machining operations. The development of CADD-based software isin direct correlation with the processes it seeks to economize; industry-based software (construction,manufacturing, etc.) typically uses vector-based (linear) environments whereas graphic-based softwareutilizes raster-based (pixelated) environments.
Computer GK , Computer Related GK
Virtual Memory,ROM and RAM
Posted by admin On November - 25 - 2010
Virtual Memory
Virtual Memory is a feature of an operating system that enables a process to use a memory (RAM)address space that is independent of other processes running in the same system, and use a space that islarger than the actual amount of RAM present, temporarily relegating some contents from RAM to a disk,with little or no overhead.
ROM
ROM – Read-only memory: On ROM, data is prerecorded for read only which can not be removed. ROMis nonvolatile and it retains its contents regardless the computer is on or off. Most personal computerscontain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots thecomputer. In addition, ROMs are used in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whosefonts are often stored in ROMs. There are a few variations of ROM such as programmable read-onlymemory(PROM), which is manufactured as blank chips on which data can be written with a special devicecalled a PROM programmer.
RAM
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RAM – Random access memory: whose contents can be accessed (read, write and remove) in any order.
This is in contrast to sequential memory devices such as magnetic tapes, discs and drums, in which themechanical movement of the storage medium forces the computer to access data in a fixed order. RAM isusually used for primary storage in computers to hold active information such as data and programs.Common forms of RAM are: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM).
Computer GK , Computer Related GK , Cyber World
Cyber World-Windows Management Shortcuts
Posted by admin On September - 29 - 2010
Windows Management Shortcuts
* Win+Home: Clear all but the active window.* Win+Space: All windows become transparent so you can see through to the desktop.* Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window.* Shift+Win+Up arrow: Maximize the active window vertically.
* Win+Down arrow: Minimize the window/Restore the window if it’s maximized.* Win+Left/Right arrows: Dock the window to each side of the monitor.* Shift+Win+Left/Right arrows: Move the window to the monitor on the left or right.
You can also interact with windows by dragging them with the mouse:
* Drag window to the top: Maximize* Drag window left/right: Dock the window to fill half of the screen.* Shake window back/forth: Minimize everything but the current window.* Double-Click Top Window Border (edge).
Taskbar Shortcuts
You can use any of these shortcut combinations to launch the applications in their respective position on
the taskbar, or more:
* Win+number (1-9): Starts the application pinned to the taskbar in that position, or switches to that program.* Shift+Win+number (1-9): Starts a new instance of the application pinned to the taskbar in that position.
* Ctrl+Win+number (1-9): Cycles through open windows for the application pinned to the taskbar is that position.
* Alt+Win+number (1-9): Opens the Jump List for the application pinned to the taskbar.* Win+T: Focus and scroll through items on the taskbar.* Win+B: Focuses the System Tray icons
In addition, you can interact with the taskbar using your mouse and a modifier key:
* Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program.
* Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button: Open a program as an administrator.* Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button: Show the window menu for the program (like XP does).* Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button: Show the window menu for the group.
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* Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button: Cycle through the windows of the group.
Heres a few more interesting hotkeys for you:
* Ctrl+Shift+N: Creates a new folder in Windows Explorer.* Alt+Up: Goes up a folder level in Windows Explorer.* Alt+P: Toggles the preview pane in Windows Explorer.* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds Copy as Path, which copies the path of a file to the clipboard.
* Shift+Right-Click on a file: Adds extra hidden items to the Send To menu.* Shift+Right-Click on a folder: Adds Command Prompt Here, which lets you easily open a command
prompt in that folder.
* Win+P: Adjust presentation settings for your display.* Win+(+/-): Zoom in/out.* Win+G: Cycle between the Windows Gadgets on your screen.
Computer GK , Computer Related GK , Cyber World
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