computer hardware and software technology

8/14/2019 Computer Hardware and Software Technology

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Computer Hardware andSoftware Technology

Basic Input and Output

System


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Objectives: After the session the students will be

able to: Define BIOS Determine the correct key combination

to enter BIOS

Familiarize the user interface of the BIOS

Familiarize the function of the differentmenu/submenu of the BIOS


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What is BIOS? A BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is an electronic set

of instructions that a computer uses to successfully startoperating.

The BIOS is located on a chip inside of the computer and

is designed in a way that protects it from disk failure. A main function of the BIOS is to give instructions for

the power-on self test (POST). The BIOS also works to give the computer basic

information about how to interact with some criticalcomponents, such as drives and memory, that it will

need to load the operating system. BIOS has a BIOS Setup Utility so that the computer

users can make certain adjustments


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Common Adjustments of

the Computer Components Accessibility

Allocated Value

Protection

Overclocking


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How to Enter in the BIOS

Setup Utility? It will be entered during the

booting of the system

It needs a correct key combination Every manufacturer has their own key

combination


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BIOS Setup Utility Access Keys

for Major BIOS Manufacturers AMI (American Megatrends) -AMIBIOS, AMI

BIOS Press Del when after powering on the computer. Some older motherboards that use AMIBIOS may prompt

for the F1 or F2 key instead. Award Software (now part of Phoenix

Technologies) -AwardBIOS, Award BIOS Press the Del key to enter the BIOS Setup Utility on

nearly all AwardBIOS powered motherboards.

Some older systems using Award's BIOS software askedfor Ctrl+Alt+Esc to enter BIOS.


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BIOS Setup Utility Access Keysfor Major BIOS Manufacturers

(cont.) DTK (Datatech Enterprises) - DTK BIOS

Press the Esc key to enter BIOS, right after powering onthe PC.

Microid Research - MR BIOS Press F1 to access the BIOS setup utility.

Phoenix Technologies - Phoenix BIOS, Phoenix-Award BIOS

Press Del during the Power On Self Test, immediately

after the computer starts. Many older Phoenix BIOS systems required

Ctrl+Alt+Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Ins, or Ctrl+Alt+S to accessBIOS.
http://pcsupport.about.com/od/termsns/g/termpost.htmhttp://pcsupport.about.com/od/termsns/g/termpost.htm


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AMIBIOS Setup Utility

Interface

Men

u

KeyFunction


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Phoenix - AwardBIOS

Setup Utility Interface

Menu

KeyFunction


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PhoenixBIOS Setup Utility

InterfaceMenu

Men

u

KeyFunction


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Common Menus of BIOS

Setup Utility Standard CMOS Setup Advance BIOS Settings Advance Chipset Settings Power Management Integrated Peripherals PnP/PCI Configuration PC Health SoftMenu/Frequency-Voltage Control Defaults Password


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Standard CMOS Setup Make sure that:

The date and time are correct.

The Floppy Disk Drive is set to 1.44MB, 3.5inches. Video is set to VGA/EGA/PCI E. In HALT select ON to stop the PC from

repeatedly rebooting. Set IDE for Auto-Detection. IDE will either be

on the setup menu or on its own menu.(Only some BIOS have this.)


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Advanced BIOS

Settings The following can be enabled or

disabled. At least for now, we suggestyou do the following: The Virus Program - Will scan your hard

drive at startup and warn you of trouble.Enable or disable as you wish.

Cache - Enable; and also, if available,enable ECC Error Checking.

Quick POST - Allows BIOS to boot-up fasterby skipping some tests. If you leave yourcomputer on most of the time, disable. Ifyou turn your computer off daily, enable.


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Advanced BIOS

Settings (cont.) Boot Sequence - Controls the order in which

bootable information is searched. In some versionsyou may select options. In other versions you haveseparate settings for "First Boot Device", "Second

Boot Device", and so on. If your System Boot is onthe O/S Installation CD, then for this initial boot-upset CD-ROM as first, hard drive as second, and A:Drive as third. However, if your System Boot is onfloppy disk, then set A: Drive as first, hard drive assecond, and CD-ROM as third.

Swap Floppy Drives - This is usually disabled. Onlyenable if you have two floppy drives and you wish toassign the A and B drive letters interchangeably.

Fast A20 Gate - Leave at default.


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Advanced BIOS

Settings (cont.) Typematic Rate Settings - Disable. This

deals with the rate by which holding akeyboard character down produces repeated

characters on the screen. Boot Numlock- Enable. CPU Serial Number - Privacy buffs disable it.This identifies the CPU serial number in IntelCPUs.

Video BIOS Shadow - Disable or default.


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Advanced Chipset

Settings You should not need to bother with this section.

However, some basic settings are provided for yourinformation. You may enable or disable the following: Chipset Special Features - (If available) Disable.

L2 Cache Size - (If available) Set to match size of your externalcache. DRAM Parity Checking - Enable only if using parity memory. DRAM Parity/ECC Mode - Select which one you are using. DRAM Clock Control - Set to the speed of the system bus,

which should be the default. At a later time, some super-tweaker types may like playing with the settings in this section.

Know what you're doing before changing these settings. Awrong setting can cause damage.


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Advanced Chipset

Settings (cont.) DRAM Frequency - Set to the speed of

your memory (such as 166). AGP Mode - Set to "uto." If available.

Otherwise, leave at default. AGP Aperture - Sets the amount of

memory space available for graphics. Set to64 MB, this is normally fine.

There will most likely be many more

options available to you. It is best toleave these alone at least for the initialboot-up, and maybe best left alonepermanently


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Power ManagementThis is for sophisticated tweaking,

which we are not doing now. Your

manual will best describe thedifferent options available, if youare interested. But for now, and

maybe forever, leave at default(disable) as available.


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Integrated Peripherals

Enable the ports you intend to use, disablethe ports you intend not to use: IDE Ports - Enable if you will use both.

Device options may be available; if so, set to AUTOwhen possible.

Enable IDE pre-fetch only if your IDE interface supportsit, which most likely it does.

Enable IDE HDD Block Mode if your hard drive supports

it, most new drives do. USB - Enable, if used.


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Integrated Peripherals(cont.)

Serial & Parallel Ports - Enable, if used. Set the parallel port mode to ECP, EPP, or both. If

you don't know which to pick, leave at default.

Motherboard Integrated Hardware - Ifnot controlled by jumpers, you may enableor disable video, sound, or network hardwareas you wish.

Expansion Card Hardware - If you are

using one or more expansion cards and yourmotherboard also has the same options, youneed to disable the motherboard options toallow the use of the expansion cards.


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PnP/PCI Configuration

This section controls aspects of "Plug-n-Play"and the PCI bus. Most selections should be leftat default; but two deserve your attention: PnP OS Installed - Enable or "Yes". This allows you

to run "Plug-n-Play" programs. Reset Configuration Data - Usually set to

Disabled. However, if a system reconfiguration haspreviously caused a serious error that rendered theO/S un-bootable, you may wish to enable this option.It will enable you to reset the Extended SystemConfiguration Data (ESCD) when you exit BIOS setup.This allows you to add hardware and softwarewithout trouble (in theory).


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PC Health

Also known by other names, thissection monitors some very basic

operational settings, such as voltagelevels, fan speed, internal processortemperature. In some versions youcan set the temperature at which the

computer would automatically shutdown.


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SoftMenu / Frequency-Voltage Control

This is for use by those with "jumperless"motherboards. This section allows you to controlcomputer settings related to minute voltage

settings, CPU multiplier selection, and thesystem bus speed. Leave all settings at defaultor AUTO.

This is the section that would also be used by

those wishing to overclock their computersystem (Not recommended right now).


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Defaults

In many BIOS versions, a few clickswill set all default settings

automatically without your need toattend to individual settings. Someversions offer "Fail-safe" defaults

as well as "Optimized" defaults. If aDefault section is available in yourBIOS version, feel free to use it.


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Passwords

Many BIOS versions have a Passwordsection to allow for the use of

passwords. If you use it, be very sureto record your password somewheresafe. Should you loose it, the entireBIOS system will lock and you will only

be able to use your computer after theentire BIOS system is reset.


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Saving BIOS Setup

Press F10

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