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Lecture # 2

ComputerHardware

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Computers are all around!

Grocery store

Schools

Libraries Bank

Mail

Malls

We interact with computers everyday!We interact with computers everyday!

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A computer is an electronic device,operating under the control of

instructions (software) stored in itsown memory unit, that can acceptdata (input), manipulate data

(process), and produce information(output) from the processing.enerally, the term is used to descriea collection of devices that functiontogether as a system.

Computer "ystem

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A computer can convert data into information that is

useful to people.

A complete computer system includes four distinctparts:

Hardware

Software

Data

User

A computer is an electronic device used to process data.

Computer "ystem

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Understanding Computer

A computer is aprogrammable

machine thatreceives input, stores

andmanipulates

data/information,and provides outputin a useful format.

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ardware All the machinery

and e$uipment ina computer

system

"oftware

All the instructionsthat tell thecomputer how toperform a tas%

Computers consist of

hardware and software.

&f you can touch it, it'shardware

http://www.ieee.org/http://www.acm.org/http://www.acm.org/http://www.ieee.org/

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and n

Computers only recogni*e o and on,li%e a light switch

+hese switches are represented asinary digits or bits

&nstructions and data are composedonly of a series of its

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-hy &s A Computer "o owerful/

+he aility to perform the information processingcycle with ama*ing speed.

0eliaility (low failure rate).

Accuracy.

Aility to store huge amounts of data andinformation.

Aility to communicate with other computers

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ow 1oes a Computer now what to

do/

&t must e given a detailed list ofinstructions, called a compute program,algorithmsor software, that tells ite3actly what to do.

4efore processing a speci5c 6o, thecomputer program corresponding to that

6o must e stored in memory.

nce the program is stored in memory thecomputer can start the operation ye3ecuting the program instructions oneafter the other.

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-hat Are +he rimary Componentsf A Computer /

&nput devices.

Central rocessing 7nit (containing the controlunit and the arithmetic8logic unit).

9emory. utput devices.

"torage devices.

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&nput rocess utput

1ata&nformation

"torage

ow a Computer "ystem -or%s

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:unction of Computer "ystem

Data handling

nput

rocess

" "utputS Storage

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0100101001101010

011011111000111110000000

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and n

Computers only recogni*e o and on,li%e a light switch

+hese switches are represented asinary digits or bits

&nstructions and data are composedonly of a series of its

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A binary digit bit! is the smallest unit ofinformation that your computer canprocess.

A bit can be either "on! or #o$!.

A%C&&is a common coding system used to

represent all characters, symbols andnumbers in binary form.

&n A%C&& a group of ' bits is called a byte.

A01-A0;< =our hysical &nterface

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()ample*#&f you type coolon the +eyboard, your

+eyboard would change it into four bytes asfollows*

#"####"" #"##"""" #"##"""" #"##""## C o o l

A01-A0;< =our hysical &nterface

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4ytes

;ight its form a single yte# >??@@??@@ is ne 4yte of &nformation

4yte Balues