computer hardware servicing nc ii instructional book

7/30/2019 Computer Hardware Servicing NC II Instructional Book

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ContentsUnit of Competency............................................................................................................................................. 1

............................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Unit of competency ............................................................................................................................................. 2

Summary of Questions .............................................................................................................................. 3

Summary of Questions ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Inventory ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Materials/Tools/Workarea/Equipment .............................................................................................................. 5

Inventory ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) ...................................................................................................... 8

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS) ...................................................................................................... 8

PC Disassembly and Assembly ............................................................................................................................. 9

............................................................................................................................................................................. 9

PC Assembly and Disassembly ........................................................................................................................... 10

Assembly Preparation ................................................................................................................................... 10

Installing Windows XP ....................................................................................................................................... 14

........................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk .......................................................................................................... 21

Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk .......................................................................................................... 22

Device Driver ..................................................................................................................................................... 30

Installations ....................................................................................................................................................... 30

Device Driver Installations ................................................................................................................................. 31

Cabling and ........................................................................................................................................................ 32

Network ............................................................................................................................................................. 32

Configurations ................................................................................................................................................... 32

How to wire your own Ethernet cables and connectors ................................................................................... 33

What You Need: ............................................................................................................................................ 33

About the Cable ............................................................................................................................................. 33

About Modular Connector Plugs and Jacks: .................................................................................................. 34

Ethernet Cable Pin Outs: ............................................................................................................................... 35

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram(both ends are the same): ....................................................... 35

Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram(T568B): ..................................................................................................... 37

NETWORKING .................................................................................................................................................... 43


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Connecting Two Computers Through a Router ............................................................................................. 43

How to Assign a Static IP Address in XP ........................................................................................................ 44

How to use the Simple File Sharing feature to share files in Windows XP ................................................... 49

Turning on and turning off Simple File Sharing ......................................................................................... 49

Managing levels of access to shares and to files ....................................................................................... 51

How To Share a Printer with Windows XP ........................................................................................................ 59

Back up & Restore ............................................................................................................................................. 61

Files .................................................................................................................................................................... 61

How to Back Up Files and Folders ..................................................................................................................... 62

How to Restore Files and Folders ...................................................................................................................... 63


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Unit of Competency


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Unit of competency

Install Computer System and Networks

Diagnose and Troubleshoot Computer System

Configure Computer System and Network


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Summary of

Questions


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Summary of Questions

Answer the following Questions

Can I Yes or No

Plan and prepare work to ensure occupational health and safety (OHS) policies and procedures are

followed. YES

Obtain materials, tools, equipment and testing devices needed to conform the job requirements.

YES

Interpret work instructions according to the job requirements. YES

Obtain computer components/devices/systems and determines its location prior to installation. YES

Install equipment/devices/systems in accordance with the job requirements.YES

Check/test devices/systems and/or installation to determine the conformity to the job

requirements. YES

Check computer systems and networks for configuration in accordance with the specification andrequirements. YES

Diagnose fault or problem in the computer systems and networks in line with the standard

operating procedure. YES

Configure the identified systems and networks based on the specifications and job requirements.

YES

Inspect and test configured computer systems and networks in conformity with manufacturers

instructions/manual. YES

Correct/adjust components or parts of computer system and networks in accordance with the job

requirements. YES

Test computer systems and networks to ensure safe operation. YES

Performs scheduled/periodic maintenance in accordance with manufacturers requirements. YES Make needed repairs/replacement in accordance with established procedures when necessary.YES

Document tasks undertaken in the accordance with standard operation procedure (SOP). YES

Clean and clear worksite of all surplus/excess materials in accordance with company standard

operation procedure (SOP). YES


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Inventory

Materials/Tools/Workarea/Equipment


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Inventory

MATERIALS

Computer Casing (Mini tower Casing)

Motherboard (socket 478/LGA 775)

Power Supply (ATX 500 Watts)

Memory Modules (DDR1/DDR2)

Video Card (AGP/PCIE)

Modem

Drives (Optical/Hard disk drives)

Cables

AVR

TOOLS Anti-static Protection (Wrist Wrap)

Pliers

Screw Drivers

Multi-meter

Cable tester

Crimping tool

Side cutter

Gloves

UTP cable

Cable tie

Apron

Logic Probe

WORK AREA

Table / work board

Rubber matt

Extension Power Cord (220v)

EQUIPMENT

Printer

Personal Computer with LAN


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OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH AND SAFETY

(OHS)


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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)

People who wanted to take the computer hardware servicing (CHS) NCII exam is expected to have

the prior basic knowledge on computer hardware and software operations. To pass the exam, they are

required to demonstrate competencies in the standard PC installation, hardware troubleshooting and

repair, software installation, and basic networking. It is also expected that they can give at least si

occupational health and safety (OHS) that are related to computer hardware servicing.

Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.

Personal protective equipment are correctly used in accordance with organization OHS

procedures and practices.

Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are identified to minimize or

eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and environment.

Always discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.

Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.

Wear rubber sole shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor.

Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.

When making circuit changes, switch off and unplug the power cord from the equipment then

discharge the capacitors.

Replace only fuses with those proper rating.

Hold the components by the edges and do not touch the ICs.

Read and follow instructions on the manual carefully.

Do not use excessive force if things dont quite slip into place


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PC Disassembly and

Assembly


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PC Assembly and Disassembly

Actually assembling the system is easy after you have lined up all the components. In fact,

you will find the parts procurement phase the most lengthy and trying of the entire experience.

Completing the system is basically a matter of screwing everything together, plugging in all thecables and connectors, and configuring everything to operate properly together.

In short order, you will find out whether your system operates as you had planned or

whether some incompatibilities exist between some of the components. Be careful and pay

attention to how you install all your components. It is rare that a newly assembled system operates

perfectly the first time, even for people who are somewhat experienced.

It is very easy to forget a jumper, switch, or cable connection that later causes problems in

system operation. Most people's first reaction when problems occur is to blame defective

hardware, but that is usually not the source. The problem can typically be traced to some missedstep or error made in the assembly process.

Above all, the most crucial rule of assembling your own system is to save every piece of

documentation and software that comes with every component in your system. This material can

be indispensable in troubleshooting problems you encounter during the assembly process or later.

You should also retain all the packing materials used to ship mail-order components to you unti

you are certain they will not have to be returned.

Assembly Preparation

The process of physically assembling a PC requires only a few basic tools: a 1/4'' nut driver

or Phillips-head screwdriver for the external screws that hold the cover in place and a 3/16'' nut

driver or Phillips-head screwdriver for all the other screws. Needle-nose pliers can also help in

removing motherboard standoffs, jumpers, and stubborn cable connectors.

Because of marketplace standardization, only a couple types and sizes of screws (with a few

exceptions) are used to hold a system together. Also, the physical arrangement of the major

components is similar even among different manufacturers. Figure 1 shows the components that

go into a typical system, and Figure 2 shows the system with those components assembled.


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Step 1:

The very first thing you do when you disassemble a PC is to turn it off and disconnect all the

power sources. This is very important. Forgetting to turn the power off, especially from the wal

outlet, will cause tremendous results.

Next is to pull out all the external cables.The monitor cable (or the other cables with screws) isnt just ripped off. It is unscrewed.

Pulling it off directly might flatten the teeth of its screws thus making it harder for you to put it

back later on.

The Fiber Optics, patch, telephone, and modem cables are removed by pressing its clip

down a bit, then pulling it out.

Other cables such as the USB, Firewall, standard keyboard and mouse cable are just pulled

out carefully.

Some computers dont need to be unscrewed while some require you to pop out 3 or 4

screws (with the PC in the MIS lab, we had to unscrew the side panel then take the cover out). Slide

the cover out and take a good look of your PCs skeletal system. Remembering how it looked like

will help a lot in case you mess up later.


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Step 2:

Upon opening the PCs case, youll see different things such as the video card, the sound

card, the hard drives, the CD-ROM, and a lot of cables and wires. Carefully detach the data and

power cables. This will make the job easier by allowing more room for work. If they dont come off

easily, dont force it. Stop and figure out another way to detach it. Extra care should be observed

when unplugging the power supply as it still has a power

charge in it. After, detach the drives and cards. It is better to follow a certain order (such as from

top to bottom, left to right) to avoid scratching other valuable parts. It usually depends to the

placement of your PCs parts . In our case, we did it from top to bottom.

We followed this order:

Expansion Cards

Disk Drives

RAMMotherboard

Step 3:Expansion Cards

o Interface card (ATA / Bluetooth / EIDE / IDE / Parallel / RISC / SCSI

/Serial / USB)

o Modem

o MPEG Decoder

o Network Card

o Sound Cardo Video Card

o Video capture card

o RAM

As you can see from above, there are many kinds of expansion cards. They enhance a

computers ability in various areas. Expansion cards nowadays usually come with the Motherboard

However, upgrading from an old PC requires separate expansion cards like those listed above. To

remove them, all you need to do is snap these expansion cards out from their respective expansion

slots. Do not touch the pin connectors on the cards with your bare hands. Note the bays in which

where they were originally located.

Step 4:

Disk Drives

o Floppy Disk Drives

o Hard Disk Drives

o CD-ROM or DVD-ROM


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Unlike other drives, the hard disk drive is the only drive that is not physically accessed by

the user like the floppy disk drive or the CD-ROM drive. Make sure that the data and power cables

are removed. Unscrew the drive from its respective slot. Remember that the floppy disk drives

data cable has a folded end. The folded end is the one attached to the floppy disk drive itself. Both

the floppy drive and the CD-ROM are slid outside the PCs case while the hard drive is slid from the

inside.

Step 5:

Motherboard

o RAM

o Central Processing Unit

o Processor

Detach the RAM from the slot. Then, gently remove the Processor by pulling the lever up

then picking it up. Take note of the two holes in the processors case. These holes indicate the

positioning of the Processor. After putting aside the processor, unscrew the motherboards screwsStandard motherboards have 6 screws. Be sure not to scratch it. Scratching it might harm your

CPUs performance.

Remember that when putting aside these hardware components, the space its supposed to

occupy is clean and metal free. Wearing metal watches, rings, or bracelets while disassembling

might damage your hardware components.


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Installing Windows XP


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How to Install Windows XP

This procedure demonstrates how to install Windows XP Professional. The procedure to install Windows XP

home edition is very similar to the professional edition. Since Windows XP Pro is more advanced operating

system, it will be used to demonstrate the installation procedure.

The best way install Windows XP is to do a clean install. It is not difficult to perform a clean installation. Before

you perform the installation I recommend that you checkWindows XP Compatibility Listto ensure that you

hardware is supported by XP. If your hardware is not on the compatibility list you can check your hardware

manufactures website to download the drivers for Windows XP. Save all the necessary drivers onto floppy

disks or CD before you start the installation.

All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boo

sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set

to CD/DVD-ROM. You can then perform the following steps to install

Windows XP:

Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-

ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will geta message saying "Press any key to boot from CD". Soon as computer

starts booting from the CD your will get the following screen:

Step 2 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen.

You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install

or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.

Step 3 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement.

Press F8 to accept and continue
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Step 4- This step is very important. Here we will create the partition

where Windows will be installed. If you have a brand new unformatted

drive you will get a screen similar to below. In our case the drive size is

8190MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating

a partition, hence use the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this

you can just press enter and Windows will automatically partition andformat the drive as one large drive.

However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 6000MB (C: drive) and

second partition would be 2180MB (E: drive). By creating two partition we can have one which stores

Windows and Applications and the other which stores our data. So in the future if anything goes wrong with

our Windows install such as virus or spyware we can re-install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive

will not be touched. Please note you can choose whatever size partition your like. For example if you have

500GB hard drive you can have two partition of 250GB each.

Press C to create a partition.

Step 5 - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you

how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create. I

will choose 6000MB. You will then get the screen below. Notice it shows

C: Partition 1 followed by the size 6000 MB. This indicates the partition

has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 2189MB. Next

highlight the unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then

press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available

for the new partition. Just choose all the space left over, in our case

2180MB.

Step 6 - Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive)

6000MB and Partition 2 (E: Drive) 2180MB. You will also have 8MB of

unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just leave it how its is.

Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder

what happened to D: drive. Windows has automatically allocated D:

drive to CD/DVD-ROM.

Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.

Step 7 - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the

recommended file system. If the hard drive has been formatted before

then you can choose quick NTFS format. We chose NTFS because it

offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size

files.
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Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files

as shown on the two images below :

Step 8 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer

will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press

any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is

displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard

will guide you through the setup process of gathering information about

your computer.

Step 9 - Choose your region and language.

Step 10 - Type in your name and organization.

Step 11. Enter your product key.
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Step 12 - Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password.

Don't forget to write down your Administrator password.

Step 13 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.

Step 14 - For the network setting choose typical and press next.

Step 15 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member

of a domain then leave the default settings and press next. Windows will

restart again and adjust the display.

Step 16 - Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome

screen. Click next to continue.


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Step 17 - Choose 'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates

now'and press next.

Step 18 - Will this computer connect to the internet directly, or through a

network? If you are connected to a router or LAN then choose: 'Yes, this

computer will connect through a local area network or home network'. If

you have dial up modem choose: 'No, this computer will connect directly

to the internet'. Then click Next.

Step 19 - Ready to activate Windows? Choose yes if you wish to active

Windows over the internet now. Choose no if you want to activate

Windows at a later stage.

Step 20 - Add users that will sign on to this computer and click next.

Step 21 - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is complete.

Click finish.


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Step 22. Log in, to your PC for the first time.

Step 23 - You now need to check the device manager to confirm that all

the drivers has been loaded or if there are any conflicts. From the start

menu select Start -> Settings -> Control Panel. Click on

the System icon and then from the System Properties window select

the Hardware tab, then click on Device Manager.

If there are any yellow exclamation mark "!" next to any of the listed device, it means that no drivers orincorrect drivers has been loaded for that device. In our case we have a Video Controller (VGA card) which

has no drivers installed.

Your hardware should come with manufacturer supplied drivers. You need to install these drivers using the

automatic setup program provided by the manufacturer or you need to manually install these drivers. If you do

not have the drivers, check the manufacturers website to download them.
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Partitioning Hard Disk

Drives using FDisk


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Partitioning Hard Disk Drives using FDisk

Boot From Startup Disk

Put your Startup Diskin the Floppy Drive

Start or Re-start your machine - your machine will Bootup from the Floppy Drive

During that process you'll see (something like) the following:

1. Start computer with CD-ROM support2. Start computer without CD-ROM support3. View the Help file.

Enter a choice: 1

If your machine doesn't Bootup from the Floppy Drive - sorry, but you're on your own. Your machinemust Bootup from the Floppy Drive before you can continue.

Once your machine has Bootedfrom the Setup Diskyou will see (something like) the following:

To get help, type HELP and press Enter.

A:\>

Your machine is running in DOS mode. The only way to interact with your machine in this state is by typing DOScommands.

Remove Current Partions

Now you are ready to remove any existing Partitions on your Hard Disk.

This section assumes that you've decided - like I did - to re-partition a 10Gb Hard Diskfrom the appearance of asingle 10Mb Hard Diskto the appearance of a 1Gb and a 9Gb Hard Disks.

This will give me a C:\ drive for Windows 98 and a D:\ drive for my files

Note The fdiskcommand seems to like verifying (an reverify) the intergrity of your Hard Diskso you'll be forcedto wait on it between some of these steps.

Delete Primary Partition

In this section we'll delete the Primary Partition. At the A:\> prompt:

Type fdisk

Press Enter- you will see (something like) the following:

Your computer has a disk larger than 512 MB.

...

Do you wish to enable large disk support (Y/N)..........?[Y]


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This question is about whether (or not) you want to use the FAT16 or the FAT32 file system. For Windows98 you'll almost certainly want the FAT32 file system.

Since Yis the default:


FDISK Options

Current fixed disk drive: 1

Choose on of the following:

1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive2. Set active partition3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive4. Display partition information

Enter choice:[1]

Press Esc to exit FDISK

Press 3


Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive

Current fixed drive: 1

Choose one of the following:

1. Delete Primary DOS Partition2. Delete Extended DOS Partition3. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition4. Delete Non-DOS Partition

Enter choice: [_]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Press 1


Delete Primary DOS Partition


Partition StatuType Volume Label Mbytes System Usage

C: 1 PRI DOS 9531 NKNOWN 100%


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Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

WARNING! Data in the deleted Primary DOS Partition will be lost.What primary partition do you want to delete..? [1]


Since 1 is the default option:


Enter Volume Label...............? [ ]

Since (in this case) my Hard Diskhas no Volume Label:


Are you sure (Y/N)...............? [Y]

Press Esc to return to FSDISK Options

Since Yis the default:


Delete Primary DOS Partition


Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Primary DOS Partition deleted

Press Esc to return to continue

Press Esc- you will see (something like) the following:

FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


You are now ready to re-partition your Hard Disk.


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Re-partition Hard Drive

Create Primary DOS Partition

Since 1 is the default:like) the following:



Do you with to use the maximum available size for a Primary DOS Partitionand make the partition active (Y/N)...............? [Y]


You are being asked - if you want to use all of your Hard Diskfor the Primary Partition. Press Enter- you willsee (something like) the following:



Total disk space is 9531 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1046576)Maximum spave available for partition is 9531 Mbytes (100%)

Enter partition size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) tocreate a Primary DOS Partition


You are being asked - how much of your Hard Diskyou want to use for the Primary Partition.

Type 1024 (the actual number of megabytes in a gigabyte) - you'll need about this much for Windows98 alone




Partition Status Type Volume Label Mbytes System Usage

C: 1 PRI DOS 1028 UNKNOWN 11%

Primary DOS Partition created

Press Esc to continue

You are now ready to create an Extended DOS Partition on your Hard Disk.


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Create Create Extended DOS Partition

This will be the new D:\> drive.


FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


Since 1 is the default:


TO BE DONE

Enter 2


TO BE DONE

You are being asked - how much of the remaining space on your Hard Diskyou want to use for the PrimaryPartition. To accept the defult offered by fdisk:


Create Extended DOS Partition



C: 1 PRI DOS 1028 UNKNOWN 11%

1 EXT DOS 8503 UNKNOWN 89%

Extended DOS Partition created




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FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


You're ready to create a Logical DOS Drive in the Extended DOS Partition.

Create Logical DOS Drive in Extended Partition

Since 1 is the default: Press Enter- you will see (something like) the following:

TO BE DONE

Enter 3


TO BE DONE

You are being asked - how much of the disp space in the Extended DOS Partition you want to use for the LogicalDOS Drive.

Since we are only creating one drive in the Extended DOS Partition we'll accept the default size that fdiskoffers.

To accept the default:


Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition

DrvVolumeLabel

Mbytes System Usage

D: 8503 UNKNOWN 100%

All available space is the Extended DOS Partition

is assigned to logical drives.Press Esc to continue



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FDISK Options




Enter choice:[1]


The Logical Drive D:\> is created.

You are ready toActivate the Primary Partition.

Activate Primary Partition

Press 2


Set Active Partition


Partition

Status

Type

VolumeLabel

Mbytes

System

Usage

C: 1

PRIDOS

1028

UNKNOWN

11%

2

EXTDOS

8503

UNKNOWN

89%


Enter the number of the partition you want to make active...............: [_]


Since 1 is the default:


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Press 1


Set Active Partition



C: 1 A PRI DOS 1028 UNKNOWN 11%

2 EXT DOS 8503 UNKNOWN 89%


Partition 1 made active



You MUST restart your system for your changes to take effect.Any drives you have created or changed must be formattedAFTER you restart.

Shut down Windows before restarting.

Press Escto exit fdisk

You've Partitionedyour Hard DiskandActivatedits Primary Partition.


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Device Driver

Installations


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Device Driver Installations

1. Turn your XP-based computer on and wait for Windows to load fully. Attach the device you

wish to install, turn the device on and wait a few seconds. Windows XP automatically

detects new hardware and searches its device libraries, stored on the computer, for a

matching driver. A window appears in the bottom right-hand corner of Windows, beside theclock, that says Found new hardware If Windows doesnt have the driver for the device,

it tells you so.

2. Check for missing drivers in Device Manager to see if any of your drivers are missing or

malfunctioning, or if you need to install new ones. Hold down the "Windows" key on your

keyboard and press Pause to launch System Properties, then click Device Manager. Al

of the hardware for your system is listed here. Devices with a yellow exclamation point

beside them are not working correctly and need a new driver. Right-click on devices and

choose Properties to see more details, then click Driver for all of your driver -related

options. Click Check for update to have Windows search online for a new driver, or

Update driver to point Windows at a new driver that you've already downloaded or that

you have on a disc.

3. Use the driver disc that shipped with your device if Windows cant automatically detect the

driver. Insert the CD-ROM and follow the instructions that shipped with the device. The

process for this is always different and depends on what kind of device you are installing.

Cameras have specific software that you dont necessarily need to use to transfer photos,

for example, whereas printers have software that includes drivers that you absolutely need

to be able to print.


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Cabling and

Network

Configurations


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How to wire your own Ethernet cables and connectors

What You Need:

Ethernet Cable - bulk Category (Cat) 5, 5e, 6, 6a or higher Ethernet cable

Wire Cutters - to cut and strip the Ethernet cable if necessary

For Patch Cables

8P8C Modular Connector Plugs ("RJ45")

Modular Connector Crimper ("RJ45")

For Fixed Wiring

8P8C Modular Connector Jacks ("RJ45")

110 Punch Down Tool

Recommended

Wire Stripper

Cable Tester

About the Cable

You can find bulk supplies of ethernet cable at many computer stores or most electrical or

home centers. You want UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) ethernet cable of at least Category 5 (Cat

5). Cat 5 is required for basic 10/100 functionality, you will want Cat 5e for gigabit (1000BaseT)

operation and Cat 6 or higher gives you a measure of future proofing. You can also use STP

(Shielded Twisted Pair) for extra resistance to external interference but I won't cover shielded

connectors. Bulk ethernet cable comes in many types, there are 2 basic categories, solid and

braided stranded cable. Stranded ethernet cable tends to work better in patch applications for

desktop use. It is more flexible and resilient than solid ethernet cable and easier to work with, but

really meant for shorter lengths. Solid ethernet cable is meant for longer runs in a fixed position.

Plenum rated ethernet cable must be used whenever the cable travels through an air circulation

space. For example, above a false ceiling or below a raised floor. It may be difficult or impossible to

tell from the package or labelling what type of ethernet cable it is, so peal out an end andinvestigate.


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Here is what the internals of the ethernet cable look like:

Internal Cable Structure and Color Coding

Inside the ethernet cable, there are 8 color coded wires. These wires are twisted into 4 pairs of

wires, each pair has a common color theme. One wire in the pair being a solid or primarily solid

colored wire and the other being a primarily white wire with a colored stripe (Sometimes ethernet

cables won't have any color on the striped wire, the only way to tell which is which is to checkwhich wire it is twisted around). Examples of the naming schemes used are: Orange (alternatively

Orange/White) for the solid colored wire and White/Orange for the striped cable. The twists are

extremely important. They are there to counteract noise and interference. It is important to wire

according to a standard to get proper performance from the ethernet cable. The TIA/EIA-568-A

specifies two wiring standards for an 8-position modular connector such as RJ45. The two wiring

standards, T568A and T568B vary only in the arrangement of the colored pairs. Tom writes to say

"...sources suggest using T568A cabling since T568B is the AT&T standard, but the US Government

specifies T568A since it matches USOC cabling for pairs 1 & 2, which allows it to work for 1/2 line

phones...". Your choice might be determined by the need to match existing wiring, jacks or

personal preference, but you should maintain consistency. I've shown both below for straight

through cabling and just T568B for crossover cabling.

About Modular Connector Plugs and Jacks:

The 8P8C modular connectors for Ethernet are often called RJ45 due to their physical

ressemblance. The plug is an 8-position modular connector that looks like a large phone plug. There

are a couple variations available. The primary variation you need to pay attention to is whether the

connector is intended for braided or solid wire. For braided/stranded wires, the connector has

sharp pointed contacts that actually pierce the wire. For solid wires, the connector has fingers

which cut through the insulation and make contact with the wire by grasping it from both sides.The connector is the weak point in an ethernet cable, choosing the wrong one will often cause grief

later. If you just walk into a computer store, it's nearly impossible to tell what type of plug it is. You

may be able to determine what type it is by crimping one without a cable.

Modular connector jacks come in a variety styles intended for several different mounting

options. The choice is one of requirements and preference. Jacks are designed to work only with


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solid ethernet cable. Most jacks come labeled with color coded wiring diagrams for either T568A,

T568B or both. Make sure you end up with the correct one.

Here is a wiring diagram and pin out:

Modular Connector Plug and Jack Pin Out

Ethernet Cable Pin Outs:

There are two basic ethernet cable pin outs. A straight through ethernet cable, which is

used to connect to a hub or switch, and a crossover ethernet cable used to operate in a peer-to-

peer fashion without a hub/switch. Generally all fixed wiring should be run as straight through.

Some ethernet interfaces can cross and un-cross a cable automatically as needed, a handy feature

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram(both ends are the same):

RJ45 Pin

#

Wire

Color

(T568A)

Wire

Diagram

(T568A)

10Base-T Signal

100Base-TX

Signal

1000Base-T

Signal

1 White/Green Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Green Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Orange Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Orange Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-

Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568A


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Straight-Through Ethernet Cable Pin Out for T568B

RJ45 Pin #Wire Color

(T568B)

Wire Diagram

(T568B)

10Base-T Signal

100Base-TX Signal1000Base-T Signal

1 White/Orange Transmit+ BI_DA+

2 Orange Transmit- BI_DA-

3 White/Green Receive+ BI_DB+

4 Blue Unused BI_DC+

5 White/Blue Unused BI_DC-

6 Green Receive- BI_DB-

7 White/Brown Unused BI_DD+

8 Brown Unused BI_DD-


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Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram(T568B):

RJ45 Pin #

(END 1)

Wire

Color

Diagram

End #1

RJ45 Pin #

(END 2)

Wire

Color

Diagram

End #2

1 White/Orange 1 White/Green

2 Orange 2 Green

3 White/Green 3 White/Orange

4 Blue 4 White/Brown

5 White/Blue 5 Brown

6 Green 6 Orange

7 White/Brown 7 Blue

8 Brown 8 White/Blue

Crossover Ethernet Cable Pin Outs

+Note: The crossover ethernet cable layout is suitable for 1000Base-T operation, all 4 pairs are crossed.

The steps below are general Ethernet Category 5 (commonly known as Cat 5) cable construction

guidelines. For our example, we will be making a Category 5e patch cable, but the same general

method will work for making any category of network cables.

STEPS

The steps below are general Ethernet Category 5 (commonly

known as Cat 5) cable construction guidelines. For our example,

we will be making a Category 5e patch cable, but the samegeneral method will work for making any category of network

cables.

1. Unroll the required length of network cable and add a little extra wire, just in case. If a

boot is to be fitted, do so before stripping away the sleeve and ensure the boot faces the

correct way.


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2. Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the

jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring. One good way to do this is to

cut lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from

yourself, about an inch toward the open end. This reduces the risk of nicking

the wires' insulation. Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string is

found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the cable by holding

the sheath in one hand and pulling sideways with the string or wire. Cut away

the unzipped sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 1/4" (30 mm). You will notice 8 wires

twisted in 4 pairs. Each pair will have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is

white with a colored stripe matching its partner (this wire is called a tracer).

3. Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the

copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective sheath of any

wire, you will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over

at step one. Exposed copper wire will lead to cross-talk, poor

performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that the jacket for

all network cables remains intact.

4. Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white

piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and disposed (see

Warnings). For easier handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4" (19

mm) long from the base of the jacket and even in length.

5. Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following.

There are two methods set by the TIA, 568A and 568B. Which one you

use will depend on what is being connected. A straight-through cable is

used to connect two different-layer devices (e.g. a hub and a PC).

Two like devices normally require a cross-over cable. The difference

between the two is that a straight-through cable has both ends wired

identically with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired 568A and the other endwired 568B.[1] For our demonstration in the following steps, we will use 568B, but the

instructions can easily be adapted to 568A.

568B - Put the wires in the following order, from left to right:

white orange

orange
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white green

blue

white blue

green

white brown

brown

568A - from left to right:white/green

green

white/orange

blue

white/blue

orange

white/brown

brown

6. You can also use the mnemonic 1-2-3-6/3-6-1-2 to remember which wires are switched.

7. Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors

have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one

another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the base of the jacket, as

the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C connector by about 1/8", meaning that

you only have a 1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than

1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut

leaves the wires even and clean; failure to do so may cause the wire not to

make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside

the plug.

8. Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ-45 plug with

the flat surface of the plug on top. The white/orange wire should be on the

left if you're looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made it into

the jack and maintain their positions by looking head-on at the plug. You

should be able to see a wire located in each hole, as seen at the bottom
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right. You may have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the plug. The cabling

jacket should also enter the rear of the jack about 1/4" (6 mm) to help secure the cable

once the plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the proper length. Verify

that the sequence is still correct before crimping.

9. Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firmsqueeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. Once you

have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To

ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp by repeating this step.

10.Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other

end (568A or 568B) will depend on whether you're making a straight-through, rollover, or

cross-over cable (see Tips).

11.Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Mis-wired

and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down the

road. In addition, with power-over-Ethernet (PoE) making its way into

the market place, crossed wire pairs could lead to physical damage of

computers or phone system equipment, making it even more crucial

that the pairs are in the correct order. A simple cable tester can

quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network

cable tester on hand, simply test connectivity pin to pin.

TIPS :

A key point to remember in making Ethernet patch cords is that the "twists" in the individual pairs

should remain entwined as long as possible until they reach the RJ-45 plug termination. The twisting

of the pairs in the network cable is what helps to ensure good connectivity and keeps cross-talk

interference to a minimum. Do not untwist the wires any more than you need to.

CAT5 and CAT5e are very similar cables; however CAT5e offers better quality especially on longer

runs. If making a longer run, CAT5e is recommended, however CAT5 is still an option for small patch

cables.

A good idea on the long runs, especially those that you need to hang or snake around, is to crimp

and test the cable before you run the cable. This is recommended especially to anyone who is firststarting out crimping their own cables, as it ensures you are crimping the correct pin order now,

rather than trying to trouble shoot later.

Always keep boxes of Network Cable resting on one of the four 'end' surfaces, never on one of its

two sides. This prevents loops falling across each other inside the box causing binding and knots.


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WARNING:

The ripcords, if present, are usually quite strong, so do not attempt to break them. Cut them.

Unless you need to do a large amount of cabling work, it may be less frustrating and, due to the cost

of tools, less expensive to purchase ready-made cables.

Fire Codes require a special type of cover over the wires if the cabling is to be installed in ceilings oother areas that are exposed to the building ventilation system. This is usually referred to as

plenum-grade cable or simply "plenum cable", and does not release toxic fumes when burned

Plenum cabling is more costly, perhaps double that of ordinary cable, so only use where necessary

Riser cable is similar to plenum, but is for use in walls or wiring closets to connect floors. Riser may

not replace plenum cable so be aware of what area you are laying your cable. If in doubt, use

plenum as it has the strictest and safest ratings.

A cat5 cable cannot exceed 100 meters, or 328 feet. It probably shouldn't go beyond 300 feet.

RJ-45 is the common term most individuals use for the connectors present in CAT5 cabling. The

correct name of the connector is simply 8P8C, whereas RJ-45 is the name of a very similar lookingdefunct connector used in telecommunication. Most people will understand RJ-45 as 8P8C, but be

careful when purchasing out of a catalog or online where you can't visibly determine which you are

purchasing.

Be aware of any shielding your cable may have. The most common type of cable is UTP (Unshielded

Twisted Pair), but a number of shielding/foiling options exist for added protection against EMI. Be

aware of what you are purchasing and what you need. In most environments, UTP will be fine.

THINGS YOULL NEED

Crimper - This is the most essential tool and critical to the cable making process. If you don't have a

quality crimper, then your cable connections will be bad. Inferior crimpers will make it difficult

and/or nearly impossible to achieve a tight connection between the wires. Many better quality

crimpers also have a ratcheting controlled closure for precise crimping. Crimpers with a plastic body

will be more likely to develop a sloppy hip joint and give consistently poor cramps; a metal crimpe

is much preferred, and very common.

Tester (Optional) - Although not necessary for making cables, having a good cable tester can

prevent and solve cable wiring configuration and installation problems. Most testers consist of two

boxes (transmitter and receiver) you plug your patch cable into. The transmitter box tests the cable

by sending test pulses down each individual wire, lighting up LED lights on the receiver box. Mos

testers will show you a result of the pass. Why do you want to test cables? Even if they are slightly

damaged, network cables will work, but cause packet loss and data corruption to your hardware.

RJ-45 Connectors - Ensure your RJ45 connectors are designed for the type of cable you are using

(solid/stranded), as they have different types of teeth for piercing between multiple strands o

around a solid single strand. Note: if you ask in an electrical trades store for RJ45 connectors, you

may be asked whether you want "solid", "stranded" or "flat". The "flat" choice relates to the old fla

"silver satin" cables used in 10Base-T, and should not be used in new Ethernet deployments.


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Bulk Cable - Bulk cable can be found at computer stores, electrical stores, and home centers. You can obtain

Category 5, Category 5e, and Category 6 cable, depending on your needs. For lengths shorter than 50' use a

stranded/braided cable. For lengths greater than 50' use a solid cable.

There are two types of wire (solid or stranded) and which one you choose should be based on where and

how the patch cable is to be used. See warning above about PLENUM cable. Stranded wire is best for aworkstation patch as it can tolerate flexing without cracking the conductors; however, the tradeoff is that

they're more susceptible to moisture penetration.[2]Solid is best used in a wire closet or for a patch that will

be moved very infrequently, as the conductor tends to crack if bent and/or flexed. Cracked conductor leads

to "reflections" which make for chatter on the LAN connection, hampering speed and reliability.

Boots (optional but preferred). It saves the cable in the long run and improves the looks. A boot is a molded

piece of plastic that protects the connector from snagging, if it is pulled through the wall or conduit. It also

provides strain relief on the cable, making it harder for the connector to be pulled off.

Straight edge wire cutter. You may findserratedsnips work very nicely. Use something that gives an easy

square cut; avoid diagonal pliers for this reason. You will find that many quality crimpers have a straight

edge cutter built in.

Fish Tape - Fish tape is either a metal or plastic spool of guide wire. Strong enough not to buckle and bend

while being pushed around, but flexible enough to be pushed past corners and bends, fish tape is a vital too

for some cable runs. Recommended conditions include: conduit, within walls, along structural beams and

girders, in ducting, plenums, and dropped ceilings, or any situation where it's not physically possible to drag

the cable along with you.
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NETWORKING

Connecting Two Computers Through a Router

With the proliferation of networking devices and cheaper broadband access, it is no longer enough

to share computers. Most homes today have more than one computer, and it is necessary tonetwork or connect them to share resources like printers and Internet access. Here are ways to

connect two computers through a router.

Instructions

1. Turn off both computers you want to connect through a router. Open yourcomputers' chassis and install the ethernet network cards if your motherboardsdont have them built in. You can also install your wireless ethernet cards this

way. Close the chassis when installation is complete.

2. Boot up your computer systems. Install the software for your ethernet cards inboth computers following manufacturers' instructions. Newer computers willinstall this software (driver) automatically.

3. Plug one end of the Cat5 cable into the ethernet network card you just installedin your computer. Plug the other end into an open Internet slot on the back of

your router. These slots are numbered. Perform this step on both computers.

4. Plug one end of another Cat5 cable into the slot on the back of your routerlabeled ethernet. Plug the other end of the cat5 cable into the back of the Internet

modem provided by your service provider. Perform this step only if you want toshare Internet access between both computers.

5. Plug your router power supply into a power source. Turn on your computers.

6. Your computers are now connected or networked through your router.Note: The router is already configured with proper LAN Settings

SETTING UP IP ADDRESS FOR STATIC CONNECTIONS (Applies only on static IP Address)

7. Configure LAN Settings (See below information on how to change IP Address for a static connection)


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How to Assign a Static IP Address in XP

When organizing your home network its easier to assign each computer its own IP address

than using DHCP.

If you have a home network with several computes and devices, its a good idea to assign

each of them a specific address. If you use DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),

each computer will request and be assigned an address every time its booted up. When you have

to do troubleshooting on your network, it is annoying going to each machine to figure out what IP

they have.

Using Static IPs prevents address conflicts between devices and allows you to manage them

more easily. Assigning IPs to Windows is essentially the same process, but getting to where you

need to be varies between each version.

In this example were using XP SP3 Media Center Edition and changing the IPaddress of the Wireless adapter.

To set a Static IP in XP right-click on My Network Places and select Properties.

Right-click on the adapter you want to set the IP for and select Properties.
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HighlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP)and click the Properties button.

Now change the IP, Subnet mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Server Addresses. When youre

finished click OK. Note: IP Address and Default gateway varies in the settings of the router.


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Again you can verify the settings by doing anipconfigin the command prompt. In case youre not

sure how to do this, click on Start then Run.

In the Run box type incmdand click OK.


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Then at the prompt type inipconfig and hit Enter. This will show the IP address for the network

adapter you changed.

If you have a small office or home network, assigning each computer a specific IP address makes it

a lot easier to manage and troubleshoot network connection problems.

TIPS

IP Address is unique to every device. No IP Address is

the same with the other computer or device.

Subnet mask is automatically generated after you

enter IP Address.

Default Gateway is the IP Address of the Router. IP

Address of the router can be identified on the settings

of the device.


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How to use the Simple File Sharing feature to share files in Windows XP

On a Windows XP-based computer, you can share files among both local and remote users. Local users log

on to your computer directly through their own accounts or through a Guest account. Remote users connect

to your computer over the network and access the files that are shared on your computer.

You can access the Simple File Sharing UI by viewing a folder's properties. Through the Simple File SharingUI, you can configure both share and NTFS file system permissions at the folder level. These permissions

apply to the folder, all the files in that folder, subfolders, and all the files in the subfolders. Files and folders

that are created in or copied to a folder inherit the permissions that are defined for their parent folder. This

article describes how to configure access to your files, depending on permission levels. Some information

that this article contains about these permission levels is not documented in the operating system files or in

the Help file.

With file sharing in Windows XP, you can configure five levels of permissions. You can configure Levels 1, 2,

4, and 5 by using the Simple File Sharing UI. To do this, right-click the folder, and then clickSharing and

Securityto open the Simple File Sharing UI. To configure Level 3, copy a file or a folder into the "Shared

Documents" folder under "My Computer." This configuration does not change when you turn on or turn off

Simple File Sharing. Level 1 is the most private and secure setting, while Level 5 is the most public and the

most changeable (nonsecure) setting.

Turning on and turning off Simple File Sharing

Note: Windows XP Home Edition-based computers always have Simple File Sharing enabled.

By default, the Simple File Sharing UI is turned on in Windows XP Professional-based computers that are

joined to a workgroup. Windows XP Professional-based computers that are joined to a domain use only the

classic file sharing and security interface. When you use the Simple File Sharing UI (that is located in thefolder's properties), both share and file permissions are configured.

If you turn off Simple File Sharing, you have more control over the permissions to individual users. However,

you must have advanced knowledge of NTFS and share permissions to help keep your folders and files more

secure. If you turn off Simple File Sharing, the Shared Documents feature is not turned off.


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To turn Simple File Sharing on or off in Windows XP Professional, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click My Computer on the desktop.

2. On the Tools menu, click Folder Options.


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3. Click the View tab, and then select the Use Simple File Sharing (Recommended) check box to turn on Simple File

Sharing. (Clear this check box to turn off this feature.)

Managing levels of access to shares and to files

You can use Simple File Sharing to configure five levels of access to shares and files:

Level 1: My Documents (Private)

Level 2: My Documents (Default)

Level 3: Files in shared documents available to local users

Level 4: Shared Files on the Network (Readable by Everyone)

Level 5: Shared Files on the Network (Readable and Writable by Everyone)Notes

By default, files that are stored in "My Documents" are at Level 2.

Levels 1, 2, and 3 folders are available only to a user who is logging on locally. Users who log on locally include a user

who logs on to a Windows XP Professional-based computer from a Remote Desktop (RDP) session.

Levels 4 and 5 folders are available to users who log on locally and remote users from the network.The following table describes the permissions:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1


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Access Level Everyone (NTFS/File) Owner System Administrators Everyone (Share)

Level 1 Not available Full Control Full Control Not available Not available

Level 2 Not available Full Control Full Control Full Control Not available

Level 3 Read Full Control Full Control Full Control Not available

Level 4 Read Full Control Full Control Full Control Read

Level 5 Change Full Control Full Control Full Control Full Control

Level 1: My Documents (Private)

The owner of the file or folder has read and write permission to the file or folder. Nobody else may read or write to the folder orthe files in it. All subfolders that are contained in a folder that is marked as private remain private unless you change the parent

folder permissions.

If you are a Computer Administrator and create a user password for your account by using the User Accounts Control Panel tool,

you are prompted to make your files and folder private.

Note The option to make a folder private (Level 1) is available only to a user account in its own My Documents folder.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 1, follow these steps:1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

2. Select the Make this Folder Private check box, and then click OK.
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel5http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel4http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel3http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel2http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304040#gotolevel1


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Local NTFS Permissions: Owner: Full Control

System: Full ControlNetwork Share Permissions:

Not Shared

Level 2 (Default): My Documents (Default)

The owner of the file or folder and local Computer Administrators have read and write permission to the file or folder. Nobody

else may read or write to the folder or the files in it. This is the default setting for all the folders and files in each user's My

Documents folder.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 2, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.


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2. Make sure that both the Make this Folder Private and the Share this folder on the networkcheck boxes are cleared,

and then click OK.

Local NTFS Permissions:

Owner: Full Control

Administrators: Full Control

System: Full Control


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Network Share Permissions:

Not Shared

Level 3: Files in shared documents available to local users

Files are shared with users who log on to the computer locally. Local Computer Administrators can read, write, and delete the files

in the Shared Documents folder. Restricted Users can only read the files in the Shared Documents folder. In Windows XP

Professional, Power Users may also read, write, or delete any files in the Shared Documents Folder. The Power Users group is

available only in Windows XP Professional. Remote users cannot access folders or files at Level 3. To allow remote users to accessfiles, you must share them out on the network (Level 4 or 5).

To configure a file or a folder and all the files in it to Level 3, start Microsoft Windows Explorer, and then copy or move the file or

folder to the Shared Documents folder under My Computer.


Owner: Full Control


Power Users: Change

Restricted Users: Read

System: Full ControlNetwork Share Permissions:

Not Shared

Level 4: Shared on the Network (Read-Only)

Files are shared for everyone to read on the network. All local users, including the Guest account, can read the files. But they

cannot modify the contents. Any user can read and change your files.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 4, follow these steps:

1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.


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2. Click to select the Share this folder on the networkcheck box, click to clear the Allow network users to change my

files check box, and then click OK.


Owner: Full Control




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Everyone: Read

Network Share Permissions:

Everyone: Read

Level 5: Shared on the network (Read and Write)

This level is the most available and least secure access level. Any user (local or remote) can read, write, change, or delete a file in a

folder shared at this access level. We recommend that this level be used only for a closed network that has a firewall configured.

All local users including the Guest account can also read and modify the files.

To configure a folder and all the files in it to Level 5, follow these steps:1. Right-click the folder, and then click Sharing and Security.

2. Click to select the Share this folder on the networkcheck box, click to select the Allow network users to change my

files check box, and then click OK.

Local NTFS Permissions: Owner: Full Control


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Everyone: ChangeNetwork Share Permissions:

Everyone: Full ControlNote All NTFS permissions that refer to Everyone include the Guest account.

All the levels that this article describes are mutually exclusive. Private folders (Level 1) cannot be shared unless they are no longerprivate. Shared folders (Level 4 and 5) cannot be made private until they are unshared.

If you create a folder in the Shared Documents folder (Level 3), share it on the network, and then allow network users to change

your files (Level 5), the permissions for Level 5 are effective for the folder, the files in that folder, and the subfolders. The other

files and folders in the Shared Documents folder remain configured at Level 3.

Note The only exception is if you have a folder (SampleSubFolder) that is shared at Level 4 inside a folder (SampleFolder) that is

shared at Level 5. Remote users have the correct access level to each shared folder. Locally logged-on users have writable (Level

5) permissions to the parent (SampleFolder) and child (SampleSubFolder) folders.

NOTES:

Both computers (PC1/PC2) must have the same workgroup

but with different Computer Name and IP Address.

Enable File Sharing on both computers.

Both Computers must be connected with the same

connection. (may be connected with the same router or Peer

to Peer connection(P2P)).

Create a folder to be shared over the network and allow

access to it.


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How To Share a Printer with Windows XP

Even if your printer does not have built-in sharing or wireless capability, you can still enable it to be accessed

from other devices on your local network. Follow these instructions to share printers connected to a

Windows XP computer. These steps assume your computer is running the latest operating system Service

Pack.

Here's How:

1. On the computer that is wired to the printer (called the hostcomputer), open Windows Control Panel

(from the Start menu).

2. Open (double click) the Printers and Faxes icon from within the Control Panel window. If using the

Category View for Control Panel, first navigate to the Printers and Other Hardware category to find this

icon. In Classic View, simply scroll down the list of icons in alphabetical order to find the Printers and

Faxes icon.

3. In the list of printers and faxes within the Control Panel window, select (single click) the icon for a

printer you wish to share.

4. From the Printer Tasks pane (left hand side of the Control Panel window), clickShare this printer.

Alternatively, you can right-click on the selected printer icon to open a pop-up menu and choose

the Sharing... option from this menu. In both cases, a new Printer Properties window appears.

However, if at this stage you receive an error message starting withPrinter Properties cannot be

displayed, this indicates the printer is not currently connected to the computer. You must physically

connect the computer and printer to complete this step.

5. In the Printer Properties window, click on the Sharing tab and select the Sha