Life Cycle of a disaster management:Preparedness: Activities before the disasterExample: Preparing strategic plans, Urgent exercises, Quick Alert Systems.Response: Activities during the disasterExample: Public Alert System, Urgent operations, research and evacuation.Recovery: Activities after the disasterExample: Temporary shelter, Long-term medical treatment.Mitigation: Activities to reduce disaster effectsExample: Vulnerability Analysis, Construction of anti-earthquake Buildings, Education.Objectives of the wireless sensor network projects:Providing scalability.Giving adaptability.Offer reliability.Low node cost low power consumption.Qos support.Providing security.Enabling fault tolerance system.Effective communication channel utilization.Projets using WSNs:In.Sy.Eme Project, Florence, ItalySENSEI Project, NetherlandsWINSOC Project, Switzerland SENDROM Project, TurkeyTelemedicine project with WSNUSN4D projectAWARE projectMiTAG project--------------------------------------------------SHOAIB--------------------------------------------------SENDROM - Sensor Network for Disaster Relief Operation ManagemnetIt is used in the case earthquakes as it is one of the major subject for the countries. In this Structure it consists of sensor nodes deployed prior to a disaster and central nodes stored nearby strategic centres and linked to the SENDROM DATAbase. INSYEME - Integrated Systems for EMErgencyThe Insyeme project aims the study and testing of innovative methodologies and tools for the creation of integrated systems for the prevention and management of emergencies following natural disasters. The technological infrastructure of Insyeme will provide a wide range of services available from operators in the field including through mobile devices business so nonconvenzionale. Research activities concern the evolution of radio communication systems to broadband, their integration with existing communication networks (fixed, mobile and satellite) and the development of complex applications based on the new paradigm Mobile Grid Computing. This paradigm Grid will enable integration dynamic, pervasive and ubiquitous heterogeneous technologies for the collection, transmission and processing of information in a single system with high QoS control in terms of performance, security and availability.----------------------------------------MAMUN------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Telemedicine with WSNsThe proposed network architecture is composed of threeentities; Wireless Sensor Network, emergency response datacenter and satellite communication infrastructure.1. Wireless Sensor Network: the network is dividedinto four adjacent cells where each cell is composed of fourad hoc relay stations covering each cluster. Each cluster isdirectly interfaced with a sink node, responsible formaintaining communication path to the base station.2. Emergency Response Database: the role of this unitis to receive and store information about critical disasterconditions.3. Satellite Communication Interface: Informationrelated to the disaster is transferred via this communicationmedia towards some medical services such as mobileambulances and hospitals using telemedicine basedinfrastructure.USN4DThe goal of the project USN4D (Ubiquitous wirelessSensor Network For Development) is to provide earlywarning for Air pollution and to disseminate surveillanceinformation for cities in order to support municipality servicedelivery and to provide enjoyment of the citizens and touristsThe platform of USN4D is composed of four maincomponents.1) Data collectors: Sensed data can be collectedthrough two types of sensors, ZigBee sensors and GPRSsensors. Each type is related to a network.2) Pyton code: this part includes the two GatewayInterfaces between the system coordinator, the sensor networks and the Database Interface linking the systemcoordinator to a MySQL database (See figure)3) Database: an actual relational database (MySQL)was used.4) End User Interface: the user can query the databaseand extract analyzed and localized data. Results can beshown via GoogleMaps services.WINSOCThe key idea of WINSOC is the development of a totally innovative design methodology, mimicking biological systems, where the high accuracy and reliability of the whole sensor network is achieved through a proper interaction among nearby, low cost, sensors.The whole network is hierarchical and composed of two layers: a lower level, composed of the low cost sensors, responsible for gathering information from the environment and producing locally reliable decisions, and an upper level,composed of more sophisticated nodes, whose goal is to convey the information to the control centers.WINSOC has the following primary objectives:1. Develop and test innovative algorithms implementing the self-organization capabilities of the low level sensors and devise the most appropriate radio interface responsible for the interaction among nearby sensors; 2. Develop and test three system level simulators addressing the following applications in environmental monitoring:i) detection or prediction of landslides ii) detection of gas leakage, to prevent hazard situations or simply avoid unnecessary wastes of energetic resources;iii) monitoring of temperature fields, as a way to detect fires or, even better, to predict the risk of a potential fire in a given area. 3. Develop a reduced scale experiment for testing the proposed approach in the case of temperature monitoring and obtain the deployment experience from landslide detection experiments with in monitoring.------------------------------------------------------------SHAJIB-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------