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Computer Networks: NEED & SCOPE

Computer networks help users on the network to share the resources and in

communication. Can you imagine a world now without emails, online

newspapers, blogs, chat and the other services offered by the internet?

The following are the important uses and benefits of a computer network.

File sharing: Networking of computers helps the network users to share

data files.

Hardware sharing: Users can share devices such as printers, scanners,

CD-ROM drives, hard drives etc. Without computer networks, device

sharing is not possible.

Application sharing: Applications can be shared over the network, and this

allows to implement client/server applications

User communication: Networks allow users to communicate using e-mail,

newsgroups, and video conferencing etc.

Network gaming: A lot of network games are available, which allow multi-

users to play from different locations.

Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over Internet Protocol (IP) is a revolutionary

change in telecommunication which allows to send telephone calls (voice

data) using standard Internet Protocol (IP) rather than by traditional PSTN.

Scope:

IT Networking is the most favorable way of communicating from device

to device, network to networks and network connected devices.

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What networking actually does is it allows different types of

communicating mediums to come together and ride over the Internet.

Communicating mediums like computers, Mobile Phones, and Internet of

Things (IoT) devices are managed and cared of by a Network Engineers

for a smooth communication system.

You may become a Network Engineer

Among many ways to become a Network Engineer, pursuing Cisco

certifications and its course training is the best one.

Benefits of Cisco certifications

1. Cisco certification courses by Cisco and other vendors like Palo Alto

and Checkpoints comes without any prerequisites. So, even if you are a

non-graduate, graduate, diploma holder in any stream you can pursue

Cisco certification training.

2. Cisco Certifications are globally accepted and hold a huge reputation in

the IT industry.

3. Even if you don't pass any Cisco Certification exam, you can still find a

suitable Network Engineer job role in IT MNC’s.

So, you can simply enroll in Cisco authorized learning partner institute

and take CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE training from the ground to expert

level.

Either attempt Cisco certification exam or go for networking jobs to start

working as a Network Engineer.

Future scope of Network Engineers

Network Engineers are the only one without whom IT companies today

wouldn't be able to move an inch towards success.

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Scope of Networking in India

India is one of the IT hubs in the world due to which some of the major

cities in here has a huge demand for Network Engineers. Cities like

Bangalore, Delhi/NCR, Pune and Hyderabad have highest networking

jobs and Network Engineers all over India.

Network Engineers working in companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL,

CSS Corp, etc. with relevant experience have reached salary package up to

15 LPA.

IT companies and enterprises require a talent to design, support, manage,

plan and troubleshoot emerging new technologies. Without Network

Engineers these companies cannot move towards communication system

development for themselves.

Today every IT company need people who know how to run a network.

They are a necessity for today and tomorrow. All-round world these IT

companies require around 200,000 certified engineers where these number

is around 60-61 thousand today.

So becoming a skilled Network Engineer will lift up your career not only

in India but all around the world.

Networking job roles and responsibilities.

Some of the most common job roles in Networking domain are,

The major job responsibility of a Network Engineer is,

Planning and Designing the Network Infrastructure

Constructing LAN and WAN Network

Regular Maintenance of Enterprise Networks & Diagnosing

Troubleshooting Networks and its connected devices.

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Computer Network Types A computer network can be categorized by their size.

A computer network is mainly of four types:

o LAN(Local Area Network)

o PAN(Personal Area Network)

o MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

o WAN(Wide Area Network)

LAN(Local Area Network)

o Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in

a small area such as building, office.

o LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a

Communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.

o It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs,

network adapters, and ethernet cables.

o The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in Local Area Network.

o Local Area Network provides higher security.

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PAN(Personal Area Network)

o Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual

person, typically within a range of 10 meters.

o Personal Area Network is used for connecting the computer devices

of personal use is known as Personal Area Network.

o Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the

idea of the Personal Area Network.

o Personal Area Network covers an area of 30 feet.

o Personal computer devices that are used to develop the

personal area network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player

and play stations.

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There are two types of Personal Area Network:

o Wired Personal Area Network

o Wireless Personal Area Network

Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless Personal Area Network is

developed by simply using wireless technologies such as WiFi,

Bluetooth. It is a low range network.

Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area Network is created

by using the USB.

Examples Of Personal Area Network:

o Body Area Network: Body Area Network is a network that moves

with a person. For example, a mobile network moves with a person.

Suppose a person establishes a network connection and then creates

a connection with another device to share the information.

o Offline Network: An offline network can be created inside the home,

so it is also known as a home network. A home network is designed

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to integrate the devices such as printers, computer, television but

they are not connected to the internet.

o Small Home Office: It is used to connect a variety of devices to the

internet and to a corporate network using a VPN

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

o A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger

geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a

larger network.

o Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and

private industries.

o In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a

telephone exchange line.

o The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay,

ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.

o It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).

Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network:

o MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.

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o It can be used in an Airline Reservation.

o It can be used in a college within a city.

o It can also be used for communication in the military.

WAN(Wide Area Network)

o A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large

geographical area such as states or countries.

o A Wide Area Network is quite bigger network than the LAN.

o A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but

it spans over a large geographical area through a telephone line,

fibre optic cable or satellite links.

o The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world.

o A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business,

government, and education.

Examples Of Wide Area Network:

o Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region

or country.

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o Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet

services to the customers in hundreds of cities by connecting

their home with fiber.

o Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects

the 44 offices. This network is made by using the telephone

leased line provided by the telecom company.

Advantages Of Wide Area Network:

Following are the advantages of the Wide Area Network:

o Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large

geographical area. Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different

city then we can connect with them through WAN. The internet

provides a leased line through which we can connect with another

branch.

o Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is centralized.

Therefore, we do not need to buy the emails, files or back up servers.

o Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server.

Therefore, the programmers get the updated files within seconds.

o Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted

fast. The web application like Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows

you to communicate with friends.

o Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network, we can

share the software and other resources like a hard drive, RAM.

o Global business: We can do the business over the internet globally.

o High bandwidth: If we use the leased lines for our company then

this gives the high bandwidth. The high bandwidth increases the

data transfer rate which in turn increases the productivity of our

company.

Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:

The following are the disadvantages of the Wide Area Network:

o Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as compared

to LAN and MAN network as all the technologies are combined

together that creates the security problem.

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o Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The data is transferred on the

internet which can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so the firewall

needs to be used. Some people can inject the virus in our system so

antivirus is needed to protect from such a virus.

o High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is high as

it involves the purchasing of routers, switches.

o Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the

problem is difficult.

Internetwork

o An internetwork is defined as two or more computer network LANs or

WAN or computer network segments are connected using devices,

and they are configured by a local addressing scheme. This process

is known as internetworking.

o An interconnection between public, private, commercial, industrial,

or government computer networks can also be defined as

internetworking.

o An Intranet advantages:

o Communication: It provides a cheap and easy communication.

An employee of the organization can communicate with another

employee through email, chat.

o Time-saving: Information on the intranet is shared in real time,

so it is time-saving.

o Collaboration: Collaboration is one of the most important advantage

of the intranet. The information is distributed among the employees

of the organization and can only be accessed by the authorized user.

o Platform independency: It is a neutral architecture as the computer

can be connected to another device with different architecture.

o Cost effective: People can see the data and documents by using the

browser and distributes the duplicate copies over the intranet.

This leads to a reduction in the cost.

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Client/ Server technology:

Client/ Server technology means for separating the functions of an

application into two or more distinct parts. Client/ server describes

the relationship between two computer programs in which one

program, the client, makes a service request from another program,

the server, which fulfills the request. The client presents and

manipulates data on the desktop computer. The server acts like a

mainframe to store and retrieve protected data. It is network

architecture in which each computer or process on the network is

either a client or a server. Servers are powerful computers or

processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers

(print servers), or network traffic (network servers). Clients are

PCs or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely

on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even

processing power.

A client/ server model has following three distinct components,

each focusing on a specific job:

1. Database server

1. Client application

1. Network.

Database Server

A server (or "back end") manages the resources such as database,

efficiently and optimally among various clients that simultaneously

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request the server for the same resources. Database server mainly

concentrates on the following tasks.

Managing a single database of information among many

concurrent users.

Controlling database access and other security requirements.

Protecting database of information with backup and recovery

features.

Centrally enforcing global data integrity rules across all client

applications.

Client Application

A client application (the "front end") is the part of the system that

users apply to interact with data. The client application in a client/

server model focus on the following job:

Presenting an interface between the user and the resource to

complete the job Managing presentation logic, Performing

application logic and Validating data entry Managing the request

traffic of receiving and sending information from database server

Network

The third component of a client/ server system is network. The

communication software is the vehicles that transmit data between

the clients and the server in client server system. Both the client

and the server run communication software that allows them to talk

across the network.

Three-Tier Technology

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Client – Server technology is also called 3-tier technology

Client/server is an important idea in a network, however, it can be

used by programs within a single computer. In a network, the

client/ server model provides a convenient way to interconnect

programs that are distributed efficiently across different locations.

Computer transactions using the client/ server model are very

common. For example, to check your bank account from your

computer, a client program in your computer forwards your request

to a server program at the bank. That program may in turn forward

the request to its own client program that sends a request to a

database server at another bank computer to retrieve your account

balance.