computer programming and utilization 2110003

Subject: Computer Programming

& Utilization

Subject code: 2110003

Om Institute of Technology 1

PRESENTATION ON:

Fundamental of ‘C’

Presented by:Shah Juhi


TopicsHistory of ‘c’Features of ‘c’Structure of programHeader filesMain functionData typeConstantVariablesOperatorsInput/outputC preprocessor



C is developed by Dennis Ritchie C is a structured programming language C supports functions that enables easy

maintainability of code, by breaking large file into smaller modules

Comments in C provides easy readability C is a powerful language

History of ‘C’


Important feature of ‘C’ language is it is portable, by portability we mean that the program can be run on any hardware machine.

It supports modular programming. It supports bit-wise operations. It is known as structured programming language.

Features of ‘C’


Documentation Section //optional Link section //optional Defining section //optional Global declaration section //optional Main function section //Must { Declaration part Executable part. } Sub program section //optional Function 1 Function 2 . . Function n

STRUCTURE OF PROGRAM


The files that are specified in the include section is called as header file

These are precompiled files that has some functions defined in them

We can call those functions in our program by supplying parameters

Header file is given an extension .h C Source file is given an extension .c

Header files


This is the entry point of a program When a file is executed, the start point is the

main function From main function the flow goes as per the

programmers choice. There may or may not be other functions written

by user in a program Main function is compulsory for any c program

Main function


A data type in a programming language is a set of data values having predefine characteristics.

there are three classes of data types: Data Type

Primitive derived user define

WHAT IS DATA TYPE ?


Primitive data typesint, float, double, char

Aggregate data typesArrays come under this categoryArrays can contain collection of int or float

or char or double data User defined data types

Structures and enum fall under this category.

Data types in ‘C’


The ‘C’ language supports following types of constants:Numeric constants (5, 15, 3.6, -5.4 etc)Non-numeric constants

Character constants (‘B’ , ‘a’ , ‘?’ , ‘5’ , ‘+’ etc)

String Constants (“Computer”, “XYZ”, “-5.4” etc)

Constants


\a Bell \b Back space \f Form feed \n New line \r Carriage return \t Horizontal tab \v vertical tab \’ single quote \” Double quote \? Question Mark \\ Backslash \0 Null

Character constant


Variables are the identifiers whose value changes as opposite to constants.

As variable is an identifier, all the rules for naming an identifier applies to variables also.

Should not be a reserved word like int etc.. Should start with a letter or an underscore(_) Can contain letters, numbers or underscore. No other special characters are allowed

including space Variable names are case sensitive

A and a are different.

Variables

Variable names- Rules


Arithmetic (+,-,*,/,%) Relational (<,>,<=,>=,==,!=) Logical (&&,||,!) Bitwise (&,|) Assignment (=) Compound assignment(+=,*=,-=,/=,%=,&=,|

=) Shift (right shift >>, left shift <<)

OPERATORS


Inputscanf(“%d”,&a);Gets an integer value from the user and

stores it under the name “a” Output

printf(“%d”,a);Prints the value present in variable a on the

screen

Input and Output


All preprocessor directives begin with # Possible actions

Inclusion of other filesDefinition of symbolic constants & macrosConditional compilation of program codeConditional compilation of preprocessor

directives

C Preprocessor

Than

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