computer science 317 database management introduction to web access to databases
TRANSCRIPT
Computer Science 317Database Management
Introduction to Web Access to Databases
The Plan
• I. Introduction– General overview– One simple approach
• II. .NET Overview
• III. ADO.NET Overview
• III. Examples with C#
Part I: Introduction
Why web access to database?
• Provides platform independent, remote access to the database – Data viewing– Data gathering
Web Browsers and Servers
• Web browser - This is a program that runs on your local PC (client). It allows you to request web pages from an internet host.
• Web server - This is a program that runs on the internet host computer (server). It takes requests for web pages from clients and delivers the pages back to the client.
HTML and HTTP
• HyperText Markup Language - Allows “marking up” a document with tags specifying appearance and structure.
• HyperText Transfer Protocol - Protocol used for browsers to communicate with web servers. Basically, this consists of “requests” from the browser and “responses” from the server.
Typical HTTP Request
Browser
Web Server
HTTP Requesthttp://website/some.html
This is a web page Browser interprets
HTML and displayspage
<HTML><B> This is a web page </B><IMAGE> Picture</IMAGE></HTML>
HTTP Response
Typical HTML Request
• Client Side (Browser)– Issues request for
HTML page
– Receives response HTML page
– Interprets HTML and creates web page
– Displays web page
– Work is done here
• Server Side– Reads request from
client
– Finds page on server
– Sends response page to client
– Essentially a file server
Scripting Languages
• Scripting languages - Allow us to add capability to what’s provided by HTML. Allow parts of the page to be built “on the fly”
• Client-side scripts - Script engine on client machine builds parts of page when page is loaded by browser (date is simple example)
• Server-side scripts - Script engine on server builds parts of page before sending to client (database query results for example).
Typical Server-Side Request
Client
Web ServerHTTP Requesthttp://web site
<HTML><H1> Stars </H1><B> John Wayne <BR>Meg Ryan </B></HTML>
Interprets script code Performs action Fills in part of page
Sends responseto client
StarsJohn Wayne
MegRyan Browser interprets HTML and displayspage
<HTML><% server script %></HTML>
Gets Page
Typical Server-Side Request
• Client Side (Browser)– Issues request for
HTML page
– Receives response HTML page
– Interprets HTML and creates web page
– Displays web page
• Server Side– Reads request from client
– Finds page on server
– Interprets script code
– Does work dictated by this code (or has it done)
– Alters HTML file
– Sends response page to client
Web Access of Database
• The database resides on the server.
• Web pages with scripts (or calls to scripts) allows the user to send database requests to the server.
• The server accesses the database to honor the requests.
• Results can be returned on an html page.
• Actions can take place on the database.
So, what are the pieces we need?
• Browser software on user machines• A machine for the server• Web server software on server• Database management system on server• Scripting/programming language for
accessing the database• Drivers/interfaces for scripting language to
access the database
So, what are the pieces we use?
• Browser: Netscape or Internet Explorer• Server machine: The Windows 2000 server that
happens to house the SQL server.• Web server: Microsoft IIS• Database management system: SQL Server• Programming: C# (VB.NET?) creating ASP.NET• Database interface: ADO.NET
Part II: .NET Overview
Architecture• Multi-language, virtual machine driven…
HardwareHardware
Operating SystemOperating System
Common Language Runtime (CLR)Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Your ApplicationYour Application .NET Framework.NET FrameworkClass LibraryClass Library
VBVB J#J# C#C# C++C++ ……
CLR-based execution• .NET applications are not stand-alone executable
programs
APP.exe
other FxCL components
CLR
JIT Compiler
obj code
OS Process
Underlying OS and HW
Core FxCL
Implications?
1. Clients need CLR & FxCL to run .NET apps– available via Redistributable .NET Framework– two versions: v1.0 (2002) and v1.1 (2003)– 20MB download– runs on 98 and above, NT (sp6a) and above
• included in Windows 2003, otherwise install via Windows update
2. Design trade-off…+ managed execution (more secure, memory
protection, etc.)
+ portability
– slower execution?
Cross-platform
• Compiled .NET apps run on any supported platform:
Your application
?Win64 Win32
(XP,2K,98)WinCE
Command-line development
• Option #1 is to use command-line tools…
• .NET Framework SDK• free (100 MB)
• complete set of command-line tools and docs
• development supported on Windows NT, 2000, XP Pro
• http://msdn.microsoft.com/net
• other platforms?– FreeBSD / Mac OS X via Rotor (i.e. SSCLI)
– Linux via Mono project
– Unix via dotGNU project
Part II: ADO.NET Overview
Introduction to ADO.NET
• This is the layer that allows us to communicate with the database.
• Everything is object oriented which is good• Recall
– Objects are defined by classes– Objects are instantiated by constructors that may have
parameters– Objects have
• Properties or members that give them state• Methods that give them behavior
• I will give some of the important classes (objects), and some of the properties and methods.
• Much more is available through the Visual Studio documentation.
ADO.NET Communications with SQL Server
Console ApplicationInteracts with Console
Window
Windows ApplicationInteracts with Windows
Form with controls
Web ApplicationASP.NET page with
HTML, scripting, controls
ADO.NET data readerquick and simple read only
ADO.NET datasettables and relationships
reading and writing
ADO.NET commandspecifies
data to send or receive
ADO.NET connectionSpecifies data source, provider, security information
SQL Server
ADO.NET data adapter – reading,
writing
SqlConnection Object
• Represents a connection to an SQL database– One member is a ConnectionString that contains
information needed to connect to the database– Open method to open the connection using the
connection string– There is a constructor that has connection string
as parameter– Close method
SqlCommand Object
• Represents a command (SQL, T-SQL, Stored procedure) to execute against the database– CommandType
• StoredProcedure • Text
– CommandText• Name of the stored procedure if type is StoredProcedure• The SQL statement if type is Text
– Connection– ExecuteReader method – sends CommandText to
the connection and creates an SqlDataReader (Note: Does NOT open and close connection)
SqlDataReader Object
• Provides a means of reading a forward-only stream of rows from a SQL Server database. – Has properties like HasRows, FieldCount– Methods for getting column values of current row,
depending on type.– Read method to move to next row.– Very efficient way and preferred if only reading
DataSet Object
• Datasets store data in a disconnected cache. The structure of a dataset is similar to that of a relational database; it exposes a hierarchical object model of tables, rows, and columns. In addition, it contains constraints and relationships defined for the dataset.
SqlDataAdapter Object
• Represents a set of data commands that are used to fill the DataSet and update a SQL Server database. – SelectCommand– UpdateCommand– InsertCommend– DeleteCommand– Fill method to fill DataSet table with data from
SelectCommand– Update method used to update data in the database
Example program from handout
• When you drug the table onto the webform:– An SqlConnection and SqlDataAdapter were created– The connection was set to the database of the table– The SelectCommand of the adapter was set to select all
rows from the table
• Then you generated a DataSet object• You created a DataGrid object on the form
– Set its DataSource to be the DataSet– Set its DataMember to be a tablename
Example program from handout (cont.)
HollywoodMovieStar
Connection
DataSet
myStars
WebForm
DataGrid
DataAdapter
SelectCommand
Example program from handout (cont.)
HollywoodMovieStar
Connection
DataSet
myStars
WebForm
DataGrid
DataAdapter
SelectCommand
this.sqlDataAdapter1.Fill(dataSet11,”myStars”);
Example program from handout (cont.)
HollywoodMovieStar
Connection
DataSet
myStars
WebForm
DataGrid
DataAdapter
SelectCommand
this.DataBind();
Example program from handout (cont.)
• Note: We’re only doing sequential read from the database table– Don’t need DataSet and DataAdapter for this
– Just need Connection and Command (and DataReader)
– Drag connection and command objects to the form.
– Set the connection string correctly for connection object.
– Set Command’s connection and CommandText
Example program from handout (cont.)
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e){
this.sqlConnection1.Open();
this.DataGrid1.DataSource = this.sqlCommand1.ExecuteReader();
this.DataBind();
this.sqlConnection1.Close();}