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Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed

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Page 1: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Computer Tomography

ByMoustafa M. Mohamed

Page 2: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Introduction to Medical Imaging

Uses of medical imaging

Obtain information about internal bodyorgans or the skeleton to determine a patient’s physical state.

NON Invasive

Imaging Modalities:

* X-ray (plan , Dental, Panorama, Mammo, Angio, …)

* C.T * Ultrasound

* MRI * Gamma Camera

* PET SPECT

Page 3: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Types of image

1) Projections

2) Dimensional

3D & 4D

Page 4: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

3) Slices

• Trans axial - plane normal to a vector from head to toe. • Coronal - plane normal to a vector from front to back • Sagittal - plane normal to a vector from left to right. • Oblique - a slice that is not (at least approximately) one of the above.

Page 5: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Filamentconnection

Filament

AnodeFocalArea

Target(tungsten)

Glassenvelope

Focussingcup

Window

Principles of X-ray tubePrinciples of X-ray tube

Anodeconnection

+ kV

High Voltagesupply

+

Page 6: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 7: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 8: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 9: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

• CAT Scan ---- Computerized Axial Tomography

• CT Scan ---- Computed Tomography

• Produce thin cross-sectional images

• Non-traumatic radiographic technique

Page 10: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Based on Reconstruction of a tomographic plane of the body (a slice) from a large number of collected x-ray absorption measurements taken during a scan around the body’s periphery.

Page 11: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

X-raytube

DetectorArray

Detector cell

Image Reconstruction

Page 12: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Image Reconstruction

Page 13: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

CT Generations• 4 Generations

• Based on Tube / Detector setting

Page 14: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

First generation CT-scannerFirst generation CT-scanner““Translate – Rotate”Translate – Rotate”

Translation

Rotation

• Single Detector Cell• First Translation then Rotation.

Page 15: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Second generation CT-scannerSecond generation CT-scanner““Translate – Rotate”Translate – Rotate”

• Array of Detector Cell ( e.g. 20)• First Translation then Rotation.• Scan Time could be reduced to 1/10

Page 16: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Third generation CT-scannerThird generation CT-scanner““Rotate – Rotate”Rotate – Rotate”

Rotation m

ovement

• Array of Detector Cell ( e.g. 896)• NO Translation movement.• Scan Time Reduced.

Page 17: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Fourth generation CT-scannerFourth generation CT-scanner

Tube rotates, Detector is stationary (full ring of detectors)Tube rotates, Detector is stationary (full ring of detectors)

Page 18: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Fifth generation CT-scannerFifth generation CT-scanner

Page 19: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 20: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 21: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 22: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Main Component of CT scan

Gantry

Consol

Patient CouchControl Unit

Page 23: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

DASDASPre-ProcPre-Proc

ReconstructorReconstructor

TUBE

DETECTOR

CT ScanGeneral Block Diagram

Page 24: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 25: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Tilting (+/-20 to +/-30)

SLIDE

HEIGHT

OperatorControls

Positioning Lights

Emergency Stop

Page 26: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Gantry (X-ray path)Gantry (X-ray path)

Detector

TUBECollimator

Wedge

Beamtrimmer

SlitX-raybeam

T

Detector

defines the slice thickness

metal plate with a holeLimit x-ray beam

Limit x-ray beamPrevent detector overflow

Limit x-ray beamUsed for thin slices (1 – 3 mm)

Page 27: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Data Transfer from DAS to ConsoleData Transfer from DAS to Console

In non-continuous rotating system the data is transferred from the DAS to the Console via parallel cable.

D.A.S.D.A.S. CONSOLECONSOLE

Page 28: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

Data Transfer from DAS to ConsoleData Transfer from DAS to Console

In continuous rotating system the DAS data is:

• converted from parallel to serial,

• transferred (via slipring or optical)

• converted back from serial to parallel.

D.A.S.D.A.S. CONSOLECONSOLEParallel

toSerial

Serialto

Parallel

Page 29: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the
Page 30: Computer Tomography By Moustafa M. Mohamed. Introduction to Medical Imaging Uses of medical imaging Obtain information about internal body organs or the

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