computers and people csep 510 lecture 5, february, 2004 richard anderson
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Computers and People
CSEP 510Lecture 5, February, 2004
Richard Anderson
![Page 2: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Announcements
![Page 3: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline Ethnography
Understanding work processes Beliefs about software
Informed consent Usability analysis
Voting software Support for low fidelity prototyping
Wizard of Oz Sketching
![Page 4: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ethnography
Basic approach Study work process in the natural
environment Long term Observational Qualitative
![Page 5: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CSCW
Computer Supported Collaborative Work
![Page 6: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Understanding work processes
Introducing computing technology to support an existing process
What is expected to be accomplished
How is the task currently accomplished
![Page 7: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Stakeholders Workers Management Technologists Customers
![Page 8: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Service Technician Domain
Mobile technicians on call for problems Service call Trouble shoot and fix Multiple tools
Substantial shared knowledge of the domain
Long term employment
![Page 9: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Yamauchi et al. study Methodology
Observed 48 service calls
Spent entire day with technician
Study use of information sources
Eureka system Shared Tips
Repair Analysis Procedures (RAP)
Official documentation
![Page 10: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Case 1 Call starts with minimal information
Fault Code 8-110 (paper transport) Suggest to replace tray 1 feed rolls
Visual inspection Expect common problem Simple tests to reproduce the
problem Check service log
Replaced tray 1 feed kit
![Page 11: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Case 1 Typed code 8-110 into Eureka Eight results Result entitled “Tray 1 only” Based on title alone chose to narrow
fault to Tray 1 Looked at results
Skipped results with official documentation
Concluded “either aligner or baffle”
![Page 12: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Case 1
Cleaned and examined aligner and rollers
Eventually found a deformed bracket
Reshaped this and discussed this with co-workers
![Page 13: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusion
“Gleaning” Technicians combined information
from range of sources Eureka used in parallel with other
sources – not as primary source Extracted ideas from Eureka Equate to talking with fellow
technicians
![Page 14: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Case 2 Began with obvious problems After initial identification of a roll not
turning, went to van to get computer and noted fault code
Read through titles of large number of matches Did not want system to filter items
Selected several by title and read carefully
![Page 15: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Case 2 Moved to official documents (RAP) Followed initial instruction dialog Entered some manual codes into the
dC330 program Final instructions to wipe down rollers
Which appeared to work First step: gleaning Second step: following instructions
![Page 16: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Use of information sources Conversational use of information source Information source concise, written by
technicians “Reform the baffle” In contrast Raps very complete Tips – locally discovered solutions
Tips used in conjunction with other sources Titles of tips critical Weak structuring: Problem, Cause, Solution System for experts – not expert system Information written by technicians
Social forces for supporting contributions
![Page 17: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Paper contributions Studied 48 service calls, reported
on two of them We trust that the results are
representative Observations about real world
information extraction Very different domain from library
or WWW
![Page 18: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
UW StudyTechnician Interviews
Course Project CSE490ra
Design Tablet PC based application to support an elevator technician
Collaboration with Schindler Elevator
![Page 19: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Carrying things
You don’t want to be carrying things in dangerous situations. Other devices are hard to swallow. Especially hand held ones.
![Page 20: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Carrying things (2)
I have too many things to carry. I go to my mobile link once a week. I can’t carry everything people want me to carry.
![Page 21: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Using the computer
If there are no problems, I won’t turn it on. Maintenance [is] not about turning on the computer – its greasing and cleaning.
![Page 22: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Information searchingSlowest part - if SML CD doesn’t have enough info, if I need to find my computer and fire up CATI. Then knowing where to go and find my failure. Look at error log first. CATI might give further info. Not all faults have help screens. (Help screens sketch at best). Help screens helpful if they are there.
![Page 23: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Homework assignment
Ethnographic observation of a subject performing a task that may require use information sources (~ 1 hour) Cooking (especially an unfamiliar recipe) Debugging
Conduct a short interview with subject on use of information (~ 20 minutes)
![Page 24: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Values in computing How are human values reflected in
software Implicit assumptions that have
implications for social values Value Sensitive Design
Aims to be value neutral Analysis of values from stakeholder perspective
Values Privacy, accountability, access
![Page 25: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Analysis in terms of informed consent
Work in medicine has lead to an understanding of “informed consent”
Does this apply in the context of using software?
![Page 26: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Informed consent Disclosure
Accurate information about benefit and harm Comprehension
Individuals accurate interpretation of what is disclosed
Voluntariness Action is not controlled or coerced
Competence Capable of giving informed consent
Agreement Clear opportunity to accept or decline
![Page 27: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Informed Consent (?)
From: A Friend To: Richard Anderson
Subject: hi
Attachments: file.zip (30 KB)
---------------------------------------------------------------
The message contains Unicode characters and has been sent as a binary attachment.
![Page 28: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cookies and informedconsent
Millett, Friedman, Felten CHI 2001 A web site wants to store a short
text string in a file – what’s the big deal?
![Page 29: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Netscape 1.1
Cookies installed automatically
![Page 30: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Netscape 2.0
Ability to modify cookies by editing a protected file
![Page 31: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Netscape 3.0 Default to accept
all Options to accept
all, or alert Dialog on Alert
![Page 32: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Netscape 4.0 Additional options – accept only cookies
that get sent back to original source
![Page 33: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Cookie Issues
Little disclosure on benefit / harm of cookies
Preferences hard to get to No control on how long cookies
exist No alerts on when cookies are
used (as opposed to set)
![Page 34: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Informed Consent Summary
Disclosure Comprehension Voluntariness Competence Agreement
![Page 35: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Electronic voting systems Wide spread concern about
accuracy of mechanical systems Suggestion to replace with
electronic systems Increased Flexibility (?) Increased Accuracy (?) Increased Reliability (?) Easier to use (?)
![Page 36: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Usability in Voting Systems Values and Issues for electronic
voting systems Accessibility Technical Expertise Required Bias Accountability and Verifiability Privacy Trust
![Page 37: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Vote entry system Ballot displayed
on screen Voter enters
votes Voter commits Votes recorded
![Page 38: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Special considerations
System used by wide range of users
Occasional use with limited training
One shot use Possible time pressure Limited ability for assistance
![Page 39: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Studies of mechanical systems Many studies of
influence of voting mechanics on results
E.g., facility for party line voting
Ballot layout impacts results
Advantage to being listed first
Systematic voter error based on layout
![Page 40: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Possible UI Issues for electronic voting Accuracy Visibility
Fonts Color Glare
Ease of use by novice Workflow Reliability of device
![Page 41: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Study Expert Review
Experts study product using predefined heuristics 5 experts from UMD
Inconsistent Labeling (5) Color usage (4) Inserting card (4) Help (4) Layout (4) System startup screen (4) Glare (3)
![Page 42: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Close observation
Observed and videotaped non-expert users.
Think aloud protocol 47 UMD students Measurements
Time Survey
![Page 43: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Close observation One of two machines failed Card insertion problematic
Expected to behave as ATM Few layout concerns (but small
ballot) Language selection
Expected start on language selection (instead of “start”)
Under voting on multi vote race
![Page 44: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
How good does the system need to be?
As good as mechanical Better than mechanical? Much better than mechanical? Almost perfect? Perfect?
![Page 45: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Field Study 365 subjects from general public Demographics not representative of
general population Did not record individual interaction
with voting machines Surveys positive
10% said difficult to use (similar for other categories)
Individuals who use computers frequently reported having less trust than did others
![Page 46: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Diversion Doom as an Interface for Process
Management
![Page 47: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Is this paper serious?
It is unique in that it allows the processes to fight each other and the user. Thinking of our computing environments as being adversarial can be enlightening…The user may want to kill processes to free needed resources, so from the process’s perspective, the user may be its greatest threat. The processes are given the ability to shoot back and defend themselves
The enormous interest that PSDoom generated naturally raises the question of why people find it so compelling. Perhaps even more interesting than the application itself is the set of issues that it raises.
![Page 48: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Prototyping
![Page 49: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Why prototype
Get feedback on our design faster saves money
Experiment with alternative designs
Fix problems before code is written Keep the design centered on the
customer
![Page 50: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
LoFi vs HiFi Fidelity refers to
the level of detail High fidelity?
prototypes look like the final product
Low fidelity?
artists renditions with many details missing
![Page 51: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Storyboards
Where do storyboards come from? film & animation
Give you a “script” of important events leave out the details concentrate on the important
interactions
![Page 53: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ink Chat
![Page 54: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Storyboard from Starwars
![Page 55: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Creating paper prototypes Set a deadline
don’t think too long - build it! Draw a window frame on large paper Put different screen regions on cards
anything that moves, changes, appears/disappears
Ready response for any customer action e.g., have those pull-down menus already
made Use photocopier to make many versions
![Page 56: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Paper prototype
![Page 57: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Paper prototypes
Takes only a few hours No expensive equipment needed Can test multiple alternatives and
iterations Almost all interaction can be faked
![Page 58: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Wizard of Oz Testing Faking the interaction.
Comes from? from the film “The
Wizard of OZ” “the man behind the
curtain” Long tradition in
computer industry prototype of a PC w/ a
VAX behind the curtain Much more important for
hard to implement features
Speech & handwriting recognition
![Page 59: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Informal UIs for Early Stage UI Design – “Design Exploration Phase”
Brainstorming put designs in a tangible form consider different ideas rapidly
Incomplete designs do not need to cover all cases illustrate important examples
Present several designs to client
![Page 60: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Informal UI Design Tools
Allow designers to quickly sketch interface ideas test these ideas with customers transform to a more finished design
without reprogramming
![Page 61: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Sketch this
![Page 62: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Add behavior
![Page 63: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Transform into this
![Page 64: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Drawbacks of Current Tools Require specification of lots of detail
must give specific instance of a general idea e.g., exact widgets, fonts, alignments, colors
designers led to focus on unimportant details
evaluators focus on wrong issues Take too much time to use
poor support for iterative design sketched interface took 5 times longer with
traditional tool (no icons)
![Page 65: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
SUEDE: Informal Prototyping for Speech-based UIs
Supports design practice example scripts Wizard of Oz error simulation iterative design (design-test-analysis)
Informal user interface no speech recognition/synthesis need not be programming expert fast & fluid design
Read my important
![Page 66: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
machine prompt user response
![Page 67: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Computers and People CSEP 510 Lecture 5, February, 2004 Richard Anderson](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f175503460f94c2d5e8/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Lecture summary
Studying users in natural environment
Values and Software Prototyping
Next up: Pen computing