computers in design and manufacturing 2014 2015

COMPUTER IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

Assist. Prof. Dr.

Mahmoud Abbas Mahmoud

University of TechnologyDepartment of Production Engineering and

Metallurgy

Industrial Engineering Branch

2014 - 2015


Computer-Aided Design CAD:

The use of computers to assist in the creation, modification, and analysis of a product plan. It is important to understand CAD as a technology, because it interrelates with so many of the other production systems.

DATABASE

Geometric Modeling

Engineering Analysis

Kinematics

Automated Drafting

Numerical Control

Process Planning

Robotics

Factory Management

CAD Functions CAM Functions



CAD ( Computer Aided Design )

Geometric Modeling

Engineering Analysis Kinematics

Automated Drafting


In Geometric Modeling the Designer Construct the shape of the Object on the Computer Screen, the Constructed Shape is Converted to a Mathematical Model by the Computer Which Stored it in the Data-base.

In Geometric Modeling the Most Basic Models Are :-

WIREFRAME :

Which Represent a Part Shape as a Series of Interconnected Line Elements .

SOLID :Which Represent a Part Shape as Filled 3D Object in a Perspective View .


In Engineering Analysis the Computer Calculates Areas, Volumes, Masses, Moment of Inertia. And Also the Computer Can Calculate a set of Structural Characteristics Like Calculating Stresses, Deflections and Many others. And finally the Computer Can Simulate the validly of the Design to Eliminate the Faults Before Starting Production .

The Kinematic Feature of CAD System allows the Designer to Assure that Moving Parts Neither Interfere With One Another Nor Impact on Adjoining Parts of a Structure, So the Proper Clearance and Position Can Be Checked in The Early Design Stages to Eliminate the Potential Fit Problems .

With Automated Drafting

• Detailed Engineering Drawing Can Be Produced Auto-matically From Database.

• Most Drafting Systems Can Generate Up to Six Views on a Screen.

• These Systems Have Automatic Scaling, Cross-Hatching, Notation and Dimensioning Features.


So With All These Features The CAD Drawing System Can Be Five Times Faster Than The Traditional

Board Method.


Rapid Prototyping :

The Rapid Prototyping is an important CAD application with a number of distance attributes it gives to designer who can with this application have 3D solid object to hold and measure, evaluate and verify. Other advantages include speed, accuracy, and elimination of design flaws.


CAD has many application that serve many design theory, like:

Nesting theory : in nesting theory CAD system software can develop a flat pattern from 3D CAD model and can also specifying the type of seam or joint or determination the bend allowances according to the thickness of material sheet and then nesting the patterns for economic cutting.An innovative application of the nesting theory is a method referred to as tiling construction. A tiling is a set of polygons that cover the euclidian plane without gaps or overlaps, just as the single set square can tile a floor.


Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM:

The use of computers to monitor and control the processing of a designed part and to support its related production operations. The aim is to provide an efficient manufacturing environment, and the computer is an integral part of this


CAM ( Computer Aided Manufacturing )

Numerical Control

Process Planning Robotics

Factory Management


Numerical Control (NC) Refers to the Method of Directing a Machine Tool to Produce a Part According to Prerecorded, Coded Numbers, Letters and Symbols .

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Refers to the Machine Tool Contains a Microcomputer That Stores the Information and Controls the Machine .

Distributed Numerical Control is a Sophisticated System in Which Several CNC Machines are Linked to a Central Computer .

Numerical Control :


Process Planning :

A Process Planning is the Determination of how specific part will be made in a factory.

The Important Aspect of Process Planning is the Group Technology (GT) Which is a Way of Organizing Parts Having Similar Shaped Features into Families to Permit Standardized Fabrication Stapes . The GT is a Special Type of Cellar Production . Other type of machining cell is Flexible Manufacturing Systems ( FMS ) Which Refers to the Arrangement of Machines, Material Transport Devices and Common Computer Hard-ware, It Also Known as Flexible Fabrication Systems.


Robotics:

A Robot is Programmable , Multifunctional Manipulator Design to Move Material, Parts, Tools or Specialized Devices Through Various Programmed Motions for the Performance of a Variety of Task .

A Robots Can Also Spray Paint, Assemble Parts, Move Workpieces in Hostile Environment, And Perform a Range of Similar Manual Tasks . It is a Integral Element in Many Automated Fabrication Schemes and Manufacturing Cells Because It Can Do This Work Efficiently And Without Tiring . So the Robotics is Machine That Can Be Directed to Do Work Accurately and Tirelessly .


Robots Parts :

A Robot is Usually Consist of Four Base Part :

- Robot Base : It Can Be Fixed to Floor, Attached to Movable Platform , or Hung From an Over- head Gantry .

- Robot Manipulator : is The Action End of The Robot , the End Effector is The Hand Unit of The Robot. The Manipulator May Be Mechanical Grippers, Electromagnet Attractors, or Vacuum-Driver Suction Cups Programmed to Simulate Human Movement .

- Robot Power Unit : is Energizes The Manipulator And is Operated Variously by Electric Motors, Hydraulic Actuators, or Pneumatic Units .

- Robot Control Unit : Which is Directing The Movement of The Manipulator, And Sometimes of The Base .


Robots Power Units Advantages :

- Electric Power Units : Are Fast, Quiet, Clean, Accurate, And Expensive .

- Hydraulic Power Units : Are Heavy, Slow, Dirty, Precise, And Powerful .

- Pneumatic or Compressed Air System : Are Lightweight, Inaccurate, Fast, Weak, And Inexpensive .


Type of Robots Control Systems :- Smart Robots ( Servo Robot ) : Which Has Closed-Loop or

Feedback Systems, Where Signals Sent by The Controller to The Manipulator are Fed Back to The Controller to Indicate Whether or not The Proper Action Has Taken Place . If not, The Situation Can Be Corrected by Further Controller Signals .

- The Open Loop System ( Nonservo Robot ) : In This System There is no Sensor That Measures Manipulator Performance in Response to a Controller Signal .

Although There is no Feedback in Such Nonservo Robots, They Are Simple, Fast, Reliable, And Inexpensive, And They Are Valuable Tools For Light, Repetitive Tasks.


Type of Robots:

The Type of Robots Depend on The Work Envelope ( The Outer Limits of the Places a Robot Can Reach With It’s End Effector . This Area is Determined By a Robot’s Axes of Operation ) , There is Four Type Of Robots :

- The Rectangular Robots- The Cylindrical Robots- The Spherical Robots- The Joined Arm ( Articulated ) Robots


The Rectangular Robots .


The Cylindrical Robots .


The Spherical Robots .


The Joined Arm ( Articulated ) Robots .

computers in design and manufacturing 2014 2015

Documents

design theory

feature of cad system

design andmanufacturingassist

d cad model

central computer

robots parts

production systems

production engineering