Concentrated Solar Radiation + Water

An Option for Efficient Large Scale Renewable Hydrogen

Production – European World Leadership under the FCH JU

Christian Sattler

Christian.sattler@dlr.de

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Solar Energy: Two concentration options - Power or Light

HYSOLAR: PV + Alkaline Electrolyser

10 kW Demonstration,

DLR Stuttgart, Germany 1990

HYDROSOL: Concentrated solar radiation +

thermochemical cycle, 10 kW Demonstration

DLR Cologne, Germany 2005

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Solar Hydrogen by Water Splitting:

Efficiency Comparison vs. Benchmark

Process

temperature Solar interface

of the chemical reaction receiver temperature

Alkaline Electrolysis 25°C Solar PV

High temperature steam electrolysis

850°CFuture solar tower

1200°C

Thermochemical cycle with ceria

1500 / 1150°CFuture solar dish

1500°C

*G.J. Kolb, R.B. Diver SAND 2008-1900 / N. Siegel et al. I&EC Research May 2013

14%

18%

25%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Annual EfficiencyThermochemical cycle with ceria

High temperature steam electrolysis

Alkaline Electrolysis

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Projects

ADEL, SOPHIA

HYDROSOL 3D, HYDROSOL Plant, SOL2HY2

HYDROSOL - An example for solar

thermochemical water splitting (800 – 1200°C)

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Hydrosol I2002 – 2005

< 10 kW

Hydrosol 3D2010 – 2012

1 MW (study)

Hydrosol II2006 – 2009

100 kW

• European FCH-JU project

• Partner: APTL (GR), HELPE (GR), CIEMAT (ES),

HYGEAR (NL)

• 750 kWth demonstration of thermochemical water

splitting

• Location: Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA), Spain,

2017

• Reactor set-up on the CRS tower

• Storage tanks and PSA on the ground

• World largest solar thermochemical plant!

• Workshop at PSA, November 28th

http://hydrosol-plant.certh.gr/3EB3AFE0.en.aspx

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HYDROSOL Plant - CRS tower PSA, Spain

SOL2HY2

Solar To Hydrogen Hybrid Cycles

• FCH JU project on the solar driven Utilization of

waste SO2 from fossil sources for co-production of

hydrogen and sulphuric acid

• Hybridization by usage of renewable energy for

electrolysis

• Partners: EngineSoft (IT), Aalto University (FI),

DLR (DE), ENEA (IT), Outotec (FI), Erbicol (CH),

Oy Woikoski (FI)

• >100 kW demonstration plant on the solar tower in

Jülich, Germany in 2015

OutotecTM Open Cycle (OOC)

• Utilization of waste SO2 from mineral or fossil sources

• Co-production of hydrogen and sulphuric acid

• Hybridization by renewable energy for electrolysis

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https://sol2hy2.eurocoord.com

SOL2HY2 pilot plant

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Solar receiver

H2SO4(aq)

1 l/min (50 w%)

SO3, H2O (g)

400 °C

1000 °C

SO2, O2, SO3, H2O (g)

750 °C

Electrical

evaporator

Adiabatic

catalyst

reactor

Gas

analysis

Scrubber

Research

platform

Investments vs. revenues

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• Reduction of initial investments

• Financing of HyS development by payback of OOC

• Increase of total revenues

Aim

Proof of principle of 3 kWe HTE coupled to concentrated solar energy - design and

operation - Proof of co-electrolysis at stack level

Identification of “power to gas” scenarios with techno-economic analysis & Life

cycle assessment

Partners (8)

HyGear B.V. (NL)

HTceramix SA, EPFL (CH)

DLR (DE)

CEA, Engie (GDF Suez) (FR)

VTT (FI)

SOLIDPOWER (IT)

SOPHIA Solar integrated pressurized high temperature electrolysis (HTE)

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SOPHIA – Concept development

Development of flow sheeting and process simulation for hydrogen and syngas

production

Techno economical study for hydrogen production plant

HTE-Process

Pre-HeaterFeedPump

Evaporator 1 Evaporator2 SuperheaterElectric

Heater (Steam)

Electrolyser

Membrane

Separator

Sweep Air Compressor

HX-Receiver

Molte SaltPump

Water(Water0)

Water3

Water5

Water6 Water7

Prod1

Prod2

Hy1

Hydrogen (Hy2)Electric Heater (Air)

Sweep Air(Air1)

Air2 Air3

Air4Air5

Hot MoltenSalt (MS1)

MS2.2

MS2.3

MS1.2

Air6

Sweep Air +Oxygen (Air7)

Evaporator RC Superheater RC

MS1.3

Pump RC1

Pre-heater RC1Pre-heater RC2

Pump RC2

HP - TurbineMP - TurbineLP - Turbine

Condenser

WRC1WRC2

WRC3 WRC4

Live Steam (WRC5)

Ext 2 Ext1

WRC7

WRC8

Heat from receiver (or storage)

Hydrogen Compression

Cooling to Ambient

Sweep Gas Heating

Rankine Cycle

Prod-Recy

Cold MoltenSaltMS2.1

WRC6

Condensate

CO2 CompressorCO2-0

CO2-1

€-

€2.00

€4.00

€6.00

€8.00

€10.00

€12.00

€14.00

Realistic Optimistic Optimistic DOE

Price1

Price2

Price3

*

1. Basic costs of hydrogen production2. Like price 1 but electricity (max. 20 %) is taken from the grid to fulfill

daily production requirement (max. 20 %)3. Like price 2, but subsidies, that conventional CSP plants receive are

considered* Mehos, M., Turchi, C., Jorgenson, J., Denholm, P., Ho, C., Armijo, K., On the Path to SunShot: Advancing Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Performance, and Dispatchability, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)), 2016, URL: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65688.pdf,

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Price per kg

Solar Hydrogen > FCH JU Stakeholder Forum 2017> 22.11.2017DLR.de • Chart 11

Thank you very much for your attention!