concept evaluation of mars drilling and sampling … · lectio praecursoria matti anttila doctoral...
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CONCEPT EVALUATION OF MARS DRILLING AND SAMPLING INSTRUMENT
Lectio Praecursoria
Matti Anttila
Doctoral dissertation, 27th May 2005
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Objectives of the thesis
Analysis of the problem of sampling celestialbodiesTo present past missions and conceptsAnalysis of the scientifical and technicalrequirements for a Mars driller and samplerTo perform and analyse system and drilling tests
To present a drill instrument concept, which would fit to ESA’s Mars mission
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Planet Mars
Columbia Hills, Gusev region, Mars. 13. April 2005. NASA.
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Why Mars is interesting
Mars is quite Earth-likeToday Mars is hostile to lifePossibly in its past, Mars has been morehospitableSolar System exploration helps also to understand Earth’s past
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Mars exploration
Several missionsFly-byes and orbitersLandersNot yet deep subsurfacesampling
ESA’s goal: 2011 to send a rover with drill instrument
Not yet firm plans norconstructor
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ESA’s ExoMars rover
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Drill instruments in space
The Moon, Venus, Mars 12 working drills or abrasion tools
Would these fit to the ExoMars drill’srequirements?
Analysis of old missions’ instruments
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Moon drilling 1970-1976
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Venus drilling 1982
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Mars, rock abrasion tool 2004-2005
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Summary of old drill instrumentsNone of them are suitable for ExoMars needs.
In addition, several concepts were studiedTotal of ~20 drills + ~10 other samplers
ESA needs a drill instrument, which:
Takes samples automatically up to 2 m depthMax 11 kg with manipulator arm, 16x16x50 cm, power: 10-40-70W
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Projects that were used in thisthesis
Miro projects:Extendable drill stringMax 2 m depth
FinnishSSF, TKK, VTT, ESA
Several tests
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[ VIDEO PRESENTATION HERE ]
3-minute video of the MRoSA2 (”Miro”) rover’s drill moduleVideo shows operational phases frominitialising to drilling up to second drill pipe.Texts in Finnish, Matti explains the video to the audience in Finnish.
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Drilling tests
MIRANDA 1 and 2Test goals:
Power/energyTemperatureSampling capabilitiesof rocks and sand
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New concept: MASA drill
MASA = MArs Sample Acquisitor
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Aspects of the functionality of the MASA drill
Based on the Miro (MRoSA2) drillExoMars requirements analysisMIRANDA drilling tests analysisStructural strength analysisPower-, energy- and temperature aspectsMass and size analysisOperational plans, automation and failure analysisComponent specificationSampling problem solutionInstrumentation option
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MASA drill: Summary
Depth: 2.5 m, sample size 4 cm x 1 cmMax. 10 samples before cleaningAutomaticalData acquisition during drilling + InstrumentationoptionMass 9.2 kg, size 14 x 14 x 44 cmPower 10-40-70 W (similar to the ExoMars drill)Improved mechanics of the Miro drill