Presented ByDr Kopila AdhikariPG 1st year, DG

Guided ByDr Anuradha K NAsst. Prof. Dept. of Dravya Guna

Sri Dharmasthala ManjunatheshwaraCollege of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan

The factor responsible for the Samyoga (Association) and Vibhaga (Dissociation) of Dravya is known as Karma. Karma of dravya is accomplished by Rasapanchaka.

Samyoge ca bibhage ca karanam dravyamasritamKartavyasya kriya karma karma nanyadpekshate

Ca.Su.1\52

Yatrasrita karmaguna karanam samavai yat tadravyam…Ca.Su.1

A drug (dravya) is defined as a substance which will possess properties (guna) and actions (karma)

together with an inherent relation.

Understanding of Balya

Balaya hitam balyamCa.Su.4\8

The drugs which provides strength to the body is known as “Balya”

Bala also indicates the vitality or the defense mechanism of body, can also be explained as OJA.

Bala can be understood as the • Sarvadaihik Bala • Dhatu Bala.

Balya dravyaIncreases Bala

of Sharira & Dhatus

Balya ganaAindri, Rishivi, Atirasa, Rishyaprokta, Payasya, Ashvagandha, Sthira, Rohini,

Bala, AtibalaCa.Su.4\9

• Vidarikanda, Pakva Amra, Badama, Pista, Akhrota, and Kukkuta Mamsa (Ca.Su.27)

• Laghupanchamoola (Su.Su.38).

Seeds of Mucuna pruriensBacopa monneiri

AindriL.N.-Bacopa monneiriFam: ScrophuliaraceaeRasa - Tikta, Kasaya, MadhuraGuna - Laghu, SaraVirya - SitaVipaka - Madhura

RisabhiL.N. Mucuna pruriens BakFam: PapilionaceaeRasa - Madhura, TiktaGuna - Guru, SnigdhaVirya - UsnaVipaka - Madhura

Atirasa (Shatavari)L.N.- Asparagus racemosus WilldFam: LiliaceaeRasa – Madhura, TiktaGuna – Guru, SnigdhaVirya – SitaVipaka - Madhura

Rsyaprokta (Mashaparni)L.N.- Teramnus labialis Spreng.Fam: PapilionaceaeRasa - Madhura, TiktaGuna - Laghu, SnigdhaVirya - SitaVipaka - Madhura

Teramnus labialis Asparagus racemosus

Payasya (Kshirvidari)L.N.- Ipomoea digitata LinnFam: ConvolvulaceaeRasa - TiktaGuna - Guru, Snigdha, PicchilaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

AshvagandhaL.N.- Withania somnifera Dunal.Fam: SolanaceaeRasa – Tikta, KashayaGuna - Laghu, SnigdhaVirya - UsnaVipaka – Madhura

Ipomoea digitata Withania somnifera

Sthira (Salaparni )L.N.- Dasmodium gangeticum DCFam: PapilionaceaeRasa – Madhura, TiktaGuna - Guru, SnigdhaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Rohini L.N.- Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle.Fam: ScrophulariaceaeRasa – TiktaGuna – Ruksa, LaghuVirya - SitaVipaka – Katu

Desmodium gangeticum

Picrorrhiza kurroa

Bala L.N.- Sida cordifolia Linn.Fam: MalvaceaeRasa – MadhuraGuna – Snigdha, GuruVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Atibala L.N.- Abutilon indicum G.DonFam: MalvaceaeRasa – MadhuraGuna – Snigdha, Laghu, PicchilaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Sida cordifolia Abutilon indicum

Balya dravya for particular system or organ

Cardiac tonic (Hridya)

Arjuna

Liver tonic (Yakrit balya)

Katuki

Screening of cardio-protective effect of Terminalia arjuna Linn. Bark in iso-proterenol induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals. V. Sivakkumar and S Rajeshkumarinternational journal of pharma sciences and research (IJPSR) vol 5 jun 2014

This study was conducted in rats, with ethanol and aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna at the dose - 250mg/kg body weight. The result illustrate the significant cardio-protection in iso-proterenol induced myocardial infarction in animals.

Hepatoprotective effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa ontissue defence system in D-galactosamine-

induced hepatitis in rats

Pretreatment with the ethanol extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa was able to prevent liver damage in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. – a significant increase of lipid peroxidation and– a decrease in liver antioxidant enzymes levels.

Indication of Balya

– General debility– Chronic illness

– Kshaya

Understanding of Brimhana

Those drugs which gives “Pushti” and “Brihattva” to the tissues and body is known as Brimhanana.

Brimhanaincreases Weight of

body

Brimhaniya GanaKshirini, Rajakshavaka, Ashvagandha, Kakoli,

Kshirkakoli, Batyani, Bhdraudani, Bhardvaji, Payasya, Rusyagandha

Ca.Su.4th chapterAccording to Sushruta Kakolyadi varga or AstavargaJivaka, Rishabhaka, Meda, Mahameda, Kakoli,

Kshirkakoli, Riddi, VriddiVidaryadi Gana (Ah.Su.15/9-10).

Ksirini (Dugdhika)L.N.- Euphorbia hirta Fam: EuphorbiaceaeRasa – Katu, Tikta, MadhuraGuna - Guru, Ruksa, TikshnaVirya – UsnaVipaka – Katu

Euphorbia hirta

Bhadraudani (Rajbala)L.N.- Sida veronicaefolia Lann.Fam: Malvaceae Rasa – MadhuraGuna – Snigdha, Guru, SitaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Sida veronicaefolia

Rsyagandha (Briddadaruka)L.N.- Argyreia speciosa SweetConvolvulaceae Rasa – Katu, Tikta, KasayaGuna – Laghu, SnigdhaVirya – UsnaVipaka – Madhura

Payasya (Vidarikanda )L.N.- Pueraria tuberosa DCFam: LeguminosaeRasa – MadhuraGuna – Guru, SnigdhaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Argyreia speciosaPueraria tuberosa

Madhuka L.N.- Madhuca indica J.F.GmelFam: SapotaceaeRasa - MadhuraGuna - GuruVirya - SitaVipaka - Madhura

Madhuka indica

Bharadwaji (Banakarpas beej)L.N.- Thespasia lampas D&G

Fam: MalvaceaeRasa – MadhuraGuna – Snigdha

Virya – Kinchit UsnaVipaka – Madhura

Thespasia lampas

Khajura L.N.- Phoenix sylvestris Roxb.Fam: PalmaeRasa – MadhuraGuna –Snigdha, GuruVirya – SitaVipaka - Madhura

Chatraka L.N.- Agaricus campestris Linn.Fam: AgaricaceaeRasa - MadhuraGuna – Laghu, Snigdha, PicchilaVirya - SitaVipaka – Madhura

Phoenix sylvestris Agaricus campestris

Properties of Gunas responsible for Brimhana

• Guru (Prithvi+Jala) – madhura, increases kapha• Snigdha (Jala) - madhura, increases kapha• Seeta (Jala) – madhura , increases kapha • Manda (prithvi+jala)– increases kapha, Strengthens

the tissues – balya• Sthira (prithvi) – strengthens tissues (dhatus),

kapha vardhaka, madhura • Mridu – increases kapha, • Pichchila (jala)– increases kapha, improves dhatu,

balya, • Slakshna dhatu vriddhi, • Sthula (increases kapha, tissue weight, prithvi

Therapeutic application of Brimhana

Indication of Brimhana

• Brimhana is suggested for those people suffering from the following problem:– Depletion of Dhatu – Injury– Senior citizens– Lean and thin– General debility– Extensive walker– Who regularly indulge in sexual activity– Those who takes alcohol regularly

• In general it is suggested for all people to take Brimhana dravya in Grishma Ritu.

Samanya Brimhana Dravya

Svapnasukhama

Snanam

Utsadanam

Sarkara-kshira-sarpi

Discussion

As balya and brimhana both works on dhatus and most of the indications are similar, it is essential to differentiate the condition before its therapeutic application.

Differences between Balya and Brimhana

Similarities between Balya and Brimhana

• Both the balya and brimhana dravyas works very closely to increase the depleted dhatu and to maintain the strength and weight of body.

• Majority of balya and brimhana dravya are guru, snigdha in guna, and having predominancy of Prithvi and Jala mahabhuta.

• Some of the dravya works both as balya and brimhana dravya eg: Ashwagandha, shatavari.

Dravya working as both Balya and Brimhana

Contd..

Assessment of Balya and Brimhana

There is clear explanation of guna of Brimhana dravya in classical text but guna of Balya dravya is not given separately. Guna of Balya dravya as per analysis of rasapanchaka of 10 dravya given as balya gana by Caraka can be illustrated as follows:

Balam pustayupalambhascha karshyadoshavivarjanamLakshanam brimhite sthaulyamiti ca atyartha brimhite

Ca.Su.22\38When we look to the sign and symptoms of normal Brimhana karma first of all there is increase of Bala (strength), followed by Brimhana. It shows that Balya and Brimhana finally works in very close relation to each other.

There is clear reference of complication of excessive use of brimhana dravya but not such reference for balya dravya.

• Increases weight within few weeks• Gives instant energy• Boost up your memory

• A young man running as equal as Leopard with energy drink

• A child grown up to 2 ft within 2-3 month with protein supplements

• Scoring 100 out of 100 in examination with some brain tonics/ memory supplements

Research articles

A clinical study of Ashwagandha ghrita and Ashwagandha granules for its Brimhana and Balya effect.

Ayu 2010 Jul-Sep; 31(3); 355-360; Rakesh Kumar Mishra, Rujuta Trivedi and Meera A. Pandya

This study was conducted in total no 121 children between age group 10-12 yrs

Underweight 78.5% Dourbalya 69.4%Cramps in leg 63.6%Avara Samhanana 68.6%

With therapy there was highly significant increase of weight, increased biceps, triceps and gluteus skin fold thickness.Significant reduction of Dourbalya and cramps in leg was noted.

Clinical study to evaluate the Brimhaniya effect of Vidarikandadi yoga to enhance the sport performance

in childrenJournal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine Nilesh Manohar Ingle, Nisha Kumari

Ojha and Abhimanyu Kumar

This study was conducted on total number of 72 healthy students, two groups (test group and control group) test group was given 200mg of Vidarikandadi yoga (Y.R.) in divided dose for 2 month with milk. The study revealed the statistically significant increase of weight and chest circumference, where as highly significant results were obtained for muscular strength and endurance assessment parameters (Push-up, Sit-up and Hand grip strength test) in test group.

Conclusion• Balya and Brimhana Dravya play vital role in

promotion of health, and also for the prevention & cure of disease.

• Though Balya and Brimhana Dravya are very close to each other, all Balya dravya may not be Brimhana but all Brimhana dravya are Balya.

• We can apply the concept of Balya and Brimhana to restore and to nourish the body through micro nutrients.

Take home points• Mamsa is the best Brimhana dravya • Kukkuta mamsa is the best Balya dravya • Khanda sarkara, Pippali, Ghrita, Madhu in equal amount

with 2 part of Sattu is good for Balya and Brimhana• Saka varga –

• Vidarikanda & Munjataka – Balya and Brimhana• Samidhanya varga –

– Masha Balya and Sukravardhaka• Taila varga -Tila taila – Balya• Phala varga

– Draksha, Khajur, Falgu (Angira) – Brimhana – Amra & Pakva tada – Balya and Brimhana

Take home points• Harita varga - Palandu• Dugdha varga

– Ashva dugdha – Balya– Stri dugdha and Mahish dugdha – Brimhana– Dadhi – Balya & Brimhana

• Ikshu varga – Brimhana• Kritanna varga

– Rice + Meat + Green veg + Oil + Ghee – Balya, Brimhana

– Rice with Masa, Tila, Dugdha, Mudga is also Balya and Brimhana

– Sattu – Saddhyo Balavardhaka

References • Caraka Samhita• Susruta Samhita• Astanga Hridaya• Dravya Guna Vigyana – Dr. Prakash L. Hegde & Dr. Harini A

• Dravya Guna Vigyana – Dr JLN Shastri

• Dravya Guna Vigyana –Dr. PV Sharma

• Bhav Prakash Nighantu – Dr Gangasahaya Pandeya