concept-of-sustainable-development.ppt

7/27/2019 concept-of-sustainable-development.ppt

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Concept of sustainable development


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Concept of sustainable development Objectives

1) To introduce the concept of sustainabledevelopment 2) To list three approaches towards attaining

sustainability (Herman Daly)3) To list four goals for a society based on

sustainable conception

4) To list five drafts of Stockholm declaration5) To list five agreements of Earth Summit, 19926) To list 11 ways to attain sustainable

development


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Need of sustainable development

1. Hunter-gatherer life in the beginning2. Wants increased

industrialization, urbanization3. Resulted in environmental

degradation manifesteddifferently in different regions


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What does sustain mean? To keep in existence without

diminishing, to provide sustenanceand nourishment

Sustainable Consumption Sustainable production Sustainable Community Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable development

Sustainable business


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What is development?

To bring out the capabilities orpossibilities of, to bring to

a more advanced or effectivestate

Not growth To improve, make better


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A sustainable community

Nourishes, allowing all itsmembers to flourish

Is able to continue indefinitely

Does not mean no change or never changing or status quo

Does not mean uto ia


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How do you define a community? A social group of any size whose

members reside in a specificlocality, share government, and

often have a common cultural andhistorical heritage A geographic area whose size

should be determined by members Includes economic, environmental,

social/cultural features of that area


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What is carrying capacity?

The population that can besupported indefinitely by anecosystem without destroying theecosystem

Depends on available resources and

per capita consumption


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What is community capital? 1 . Natural capital -- Natural resources;

Services provided for human activity;Capacity of capital to sustain diversityand long term health.

2. Human/social capital- -Connectedness to people and community;Education, skills and health of population

3. Financial/Built capital- -Manufacturedgoods, buildings, infrastructure;Information resources; Credit and debt


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Brundtland Commission Sustainability is: development

that meets the needs of thepresent without compromisingthe ability of future generations

to meet their own needs World Commission on the

Environment and Development


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Sustainability is: ...improving the quality of human

life while living within the carryingcapacity of supporting ecosystems.

Caring for the Earth Quality of all human life Living within the limits Conservation and development are

parts of the same process


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Three approaches-Herman Daly(Economist)

1. Rates of use of renewable resourcesdo not exceed regeneration rates,

2. Rates of use of non-renewableresources do not exceed rates of development of renewable substitutes.

3. Rates of pollution emission do notexceed assimilative capacities of theenvironment.


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popularization of the concept of sust. devp .

World Commission on Env. andDevp., ( Brundtland Commission) --

promote sustainable &environmentally sound devp.

Intensified after the UN Conferencefor Env. and Devp. (Earth Summit) in1992.


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Several UN texts, (eg. WorldSummit Outcome Document,2005) refer economic devp.,social devp. and environmental

protection as "interdependent andmutually reinforcing pillars" of SD.


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The UK Sustainable Development Strategy, 2005, has the objective of enabling all people throughout theworld to satisfy their basic needs

and enjoy a better quality of life,without compromising the qualityof life of future generations.

The need to expand the economy inthe long term without using up

natural capital for current growth.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital


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Many criticize SD" as an oxymoronclaiming that economic policies basedaround concepts of growth andcontinued depletion of resources arenot sustainable.

SD" is a term invented by businesspeople to show capitalism asecologically friendly, and to quiet

people promoting environmentalist values.


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Drafts of Stockholm declaration--

1) natural resources, must be safeguarded for present and futuregenerations by careful planning and

appropriate management.2) man has special responsibility to

safeguard and manage the heritageof wild life and its habitats.Discharge of toxic and other


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Drafts of Stockholm declaration-3) science and technology for economicand social devp. --applied to theavoidance, identification and control of

env. risks and solution of env. problems) scientific research and devp. related to

env. problems must be promoted at alllevels especially in developingcountries where most of the biologicaldiversit is available.


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Drafts of Stockholm declaration-5) free flow of up-to-date information

and transfer of technology must bemaintained in order to facilitate the

solution of env. problems of developing countries and that states should ensure that international organizations play acoordinated role for the protection

of environment.


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the UN conference onEnvironment and Development

(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in1992. (the Earth summit),approved a set of agreements.


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1) A global action plan for sustainable

development, containing over 100programmed areas-- trade andenvironment, agriculture anddesertification, technology transfer.

2)The Rio Declaration on environment and Development A statement of 27key principles to guide the integrationof environment and development policies (including the polluter pays,prevention and precautionary andparticipation principles)


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3) The statement of principles on

Forests the first global consensuson the management, conservationand sustainable development of

the worlds forests. 4) The framework convention onclimate change a legally bindingagreement to stabilize greenhousegases in the atmosphere at levelsthat will not upset the globalclimate.


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5) The convention on biologicaldiversity -- a legally binding

agreement to conserve theworlds genetic, species andecosystem diversely and sharethe benefits of its use in fair andequitable way.


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Commission on SustainableDevelop. (CSD) 1992.Identified 4 goals towards society based on sustainable consumption.

1.Close process cycles (aimingreuse, recycle and repair)2.Halving fossil fuel use (energyconservation, shrinking energyintensive sectors and introducing

energy taxes)


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CSD-- goals

3. Improving the quality of materials (using a cradle-to-

grave approach - moredurable, repairable andrecyclable)

4. Reducing transportation( proximity principle).


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Charting a course for Sustain. Develop.

1) Stabilize chemical cycles andmoderate the pace of climate change.

2) Reducing the use or wastage of non-renewable resources

3) Sustainable use of renewable

resources 4) Keeping pollution within theabsorptive capacity of local and

lobal sinks of wastes


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Charting a course for Sustain. Develop.

5) Eliminate threat to global foodsecurity

6) Control threats to biodiversity anddo steps for increasing biodiversity.

7) Complete demographic transition

and stabilize world population


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Charting a Sustainable course 8) Meeting human needs

economically9) Meeting social, cultural and

health requirements of mankind-10) Satisfying political aspirations

of peoples 11) Provide environmental education


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Sustainable development, thus,is a moderate position betweenthe extremes of no growthversus unlimited growth, and is

based on the use of renewableresources in harmony withecological systems.


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Measures of sustainable

development


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Objectives

1) To list 5 Es of sustainability2) To describe the concept of indicators for

measuring sustainable development 3) To list 7 indicators4) To list characteristics of a good indicator

5) To list 11 questionnaires for evaluatingindicators

h i f S i bili


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The Five Es of Sustainability ECONOMY - devp. plans compatible withnature- that protect and/or enhance naturalresources.ECOLOGY understanding naturalecosystem capacity .EQUITY - Well-being, equal access to

jobs, education, resources, and services.EDUCATION - Learning, awareness, &training interdisciplinary curriculum.EVALUATION - Measuring the making of a Difference identifying keysustainabilit indicators.


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What is an indicator? A way to measure, indicate, point out or

point to with more or less exactness; Something used to show visually the

condition of a system.

f


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Indicators of sustainability- are for Measuring progress - Explaining sustainability- by making

it more concrete

Educating community- about what isimportant Showing linkages- between different

parts of community- Motivating- people to act Focusing action-on critical issues


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Nature providesmaterials for

production.

Production provides jobs.

Jobs alleviate poverty

Wh k d i di ?


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What makes a good indicator?1. Addresses carrying capacity2. Is relevant to the community3. Is understandable to community4. Is usable by the community5. Takes a long term view of progress6. Shows links between economy,

environment and society


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Different indicators

1. Environmental indicators2. Cultural/social indicators

3. Economic indicators4. National economic indicators5. Gross national product

6. Genuine progress indicator7. Ecological foot print-water foot print-

carbon foot print


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1. Eg. Environmental Indicators Parts per million of particulate

matter in the air Number of good air quality days Increase in asthma-related

hospital admissions Number of vehicle miles traveled Annual emissions of greenhouse

gases per person


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2. Eg. Cultural/Social Indicators

Number of runaway children Number of reported abuse cases Families with satisfactory child

care arrangements

Families with adequate income

d


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3. Eg. Economic Indicators

Net job growth Employment diversity Number of jobs with benefits Work required to support basic

needs


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4.Eg. of national economic indicators

Gross National/Domestic Product Genuine Progress Indicator Ecological Footprint

5 G N ti l P d t


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5. Gross National Product

G N ti l P d t


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Gross National Product Generally considered to measure

economic welfare Actually a measure of money flow

between businesses and households Rises when money is spent for

problems like health care andnatural disasters.

Does not include non-market

activities such as volunteer labour G i P g I di t


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Genuine Progress Indicator


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6. Eg. Genuine Progress Indicator

Volunteer labor Cost of crime Family breakdown Underemployment Ozone depletion Loss of old growth forests

Ecological Footprint


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Ecological Footprint

7 Eg Ecological Footprint


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7. Eg. Ecological Footprint

Estimate of resources consumed Relates economy to carrying

capacity Not a measure of quality of life,

measure of life style

Sustainable Community Indicators


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Sustainable Community Indicators Energy use per person Percent of land area that is natural, modified, cultivated, built,

and degraded Number of hours working at the average wage needed to pay for

basic needs Acres of land redeveloped

Number of acres of farmland remaining in the county Percent of food produced locally Annual fuel consumption and number of vehicle miles traveled Dollars spent in local community that stay local Percent of goods made from recycled material Annual harvest of timber compared to growth rate


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Making a better indicator

Measure what you want to be Make a measure that speaks to

people Measure the cause not just the

effect


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Making measures that speak to people Relate to sustainability Make it personal Focus on the goal If people cannot understand an

indicator, it wont help If people do not see what they can

do to fix a problem, it wont help.


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A traditional indicator


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A more personal indicator


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Measure cause and effect

Pressure: activity causing state State: condition that exists Response: actions to change

state

Pressure State Response


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Pressure - State - Response


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Evaluating Indicators

Relevant to the community Understandable and useable by the community Long-term view Links different facets of community Addresses carrying capacity use of resources and

size of population

Pressure state or response need to be considered Type of capital -- social, financial and natural


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Economic Indicators Income Median income Distribution of personal income Hours of work needed to support basic

needs Economic indicators


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Land Use Indicators Number of permits issued Number of housing starts Change in urban area vs. change in

population Acres of farmland lost to development Land per capita used for transportation Change in amount of impervious surfaces

Characteristics of effective indicators


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Characteristics of effective indicators Relevant ; they show you

something about the system that you need to know.

Understandable , even by peoplewho are not experts.

Reliable ; you can trust the

information that the indicator isproviding. Based on accessible data ; data is

available or can be gathered Sustainable Community Indicators


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Sustainable Community Indicators Energy use per person Annual emissions of greenhouse gases per person Percent of land area that is natural, modified,

cultivated, built, and degraded Number of hours working at the average wage needed

to pay for basic needs Acres of land redeveloped Number of acres of farmland remaining in the county Percent of food produced locally Annual fuel consumption and number of vehicle miles

traveled Amount spent in local community that stay local Percent of goods made from recycled material Annual harvest of timber compared to growth rate (Caring for the Earth )

Sustainable businesses


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Replace nationally and internationally produceditems with products created locally and regionally.

Take responsibility for the effects they have on thenatural world. Do not require exotic sources of capital in order to

develop and grow. Engage in production processes that are human,

worthy, dignified, and intrinsically satisfying. Create objects of durability and long-term utility

whose ultimate use or disposition will not beharmful to future generations. Change consumers to customers through education. Paul Hawken, The Ecology of Commerce

Sustainable Production


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Sustainable Production Products and services are ecologically

safe through out their life cycle Processes and technologies minimize or

eliminate hazards and wastes Workers are valued and their skills and

capabilities are continuously developed

Communities are respected and enhancedeconomically, socially, culturally, and physically

Lowell Center for Sustainable Production Sustainable Agriculture


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g ..farmers in sustainable agriculture

are concerned about feeding theirfamilies and paying their bills, but those are not their only goals in life.They set out to protect the land,improve their quality of life, andenhance the communities in whichthey live. Their day-to-day decisionsare not guided by a single mindedsearch for profit, but by a delicatebalancing act among many goals.

Dick Levins, Land Stewardshi Pro ram, Minnesota


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Sustainable Agriculture Indicators

Reliance on government programs

Use of equipment, chemicals andnonrenewable energy

Creation of jobs Balance between feed use and

feed production


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1.Does the indicator addressthe carrying capacity of the

natural resources -- renewableand nonrenewable, local and

nonlocal -- that the communityrelies on?


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2. Does the indicator address thecarrying capacity of the

ecosystem services uponwhich the community relies,

whether local, global, or fromdistant sources?


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3. Does the indicator address the carryingcapacity of aesthetic qualities -- the beautyand life-affirming qualities of nature -- that

are important to the community?


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4. Does the indicator address the carryingcapacity of the community's human capital-- the skills, abilities, health and education

of people in the community?.


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5.Does the indicator address the

carrying capacity of acommunity's social capital -- theconnections between people in

a community: the relationshipsof friends, families,neighborhoods, social groups,

businesses, governments andtheir ability to cooperate, work together and interact in

positive meaningful ways?


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6. Does the indicator address thecarrying capacity of a community'sbuilt capital -- the human-madematerials (buildings,infrastructure, and information)that are needed for quality of life

and the community's ability tomaintain and enhance thosematerials with existing resources?


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7. Does the indicator provide along-term view of the

community?


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8. Does the indicator address theissue of economic, social or

biological diversity in thecommunity?


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9. Does the question address the

issue of equity or fairness --either between current

community residents (intra-generational equity) orbetween current and futureresidents (inter-generationalequity)?


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10. Is the indicatorunderstandable to and usable

by its intended audience?

h d


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11. Does the indicator measure alink between economy andenvironment; environment andsociety; society and economy?

12. Does the indicator measuresustainability that is at the

expense of another communityor at the expense of globalsustainability?

Who is Working on Sustainability?


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g y Economic Development Corporations

Civic Organizations Environmental Groups Business Groups Nonprofits Foundations Religious Organizations Government Agencies--Local,

Regional, State, and Federal

How are They Working on it?


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y g Visioning

Community Forums Community Profiles Master Plans Location (Special Place) Mapping Resource Mapping

Community Income Statements Neighborhood Eco-Teams Local Currency Sustainability Evaluation Indicators

Why are People Working on it?


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y p g ... it has always been my hope that

the council would show the vision...and, more than creating a qualitylifestyle, create a different lifestyle,a lifestyle more appropriate to aplanet of diminishing resources,...tolook at new job opportunities, totune into the changing world and beable to change and adapt to it.

Mount Washington Valley Economic Council Member

Sustainable businesses


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Replace national and international products with

products created locally and regionally. Take responsibility for their effects on

environment. Do not require exotic sources of capital to

develop and grow. Engage in production processes that are human,

worthy, dignified, and satisfying. Create objects of durability and long-term utility whose use ordisposition will not be harmful to future

concept-of-sustainable-development.ppt

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