concept & priciples of ph 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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Concept & Principles
of Public Health
Nuning MK Masjkuri
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Definitions
Concept:
General idea underlying a class of
things
Principles:
Guiding rules
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Public Health?
Infant mortality
Maternal mortality
Life expectancy Crude death rate
Crude birth rate
Physician population ratio Access to health services
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Public Health?
1. Provision of save water supply &
sewage disposal
2. Immunization program
3. Screening for breast cancer
4. Prohibit smoking in public places5. Mandatory use of seat belt & helmet
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6. Chlorination of drinking water
7. Promote breast feeding8. Promoting healthy diet
9. Promoting safer sex
10. Infectious disease control
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Health state of the community
(population/public)
Intervention to promote the
health state of the community
(population)
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The natural history of disease
H
E
A
L
T
H
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Public?
Public = Population = Everybody
1. People living in a place
2. The whole collection of units from whicha sample is taken
3. A group of people that can be clearly
defined
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PH Concept
Objective & Interventions are Public
Dari KITA untuk KITA
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Herd Immunity
Need community participation
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Other examples
1. Not drinking and driving
2. Practicing safer sex
3. Participating in mass screening 4. Participating in immunization
5. Balance between diet & exercise
6. etc 7. etc
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DifferenceClinical
Public Health
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Difference
Treatment
Clinical Medication:Drugs/injection
PH : Programs
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Three core PH functions
1. Assess & monitor health of communities & pop
at riskhealth problems & priorities
2. Formulate public policies (with community &
gov. leaders) to set priority & solve3. Assure that all pop. have access to
appropriate & effective care, including health
promotion & disease prevention & evaluate
effectiveness of the care
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Disease process
Pre-pathogenesis Pathogenesis period
period
To reduce new To reduce duration To reduce complication
occurrence & severity & disability
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Principles
1. Based on the population (a collection
of individuals)
2. Focusing on Health Promotion &
Disease Prevention without belittling
curative & rehabilitative measures
3. Involving the community (community
participation/empowerment)
4. Through organized effort
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Definition of PH
The science & art of preventing disease,prolonging life & promoting physical health &efficiency through organized community effortsfor the sanitation of the environment, the control
of community infections, the education of theindividual in the principles of personal hygiene,the organization of medical & nursing service forthe early diagnosis & preventive treatment ofdisease, and the development of social
machinery which will ensure to every individualin the community a standard of living adequatefor the maintenance of health (Winslow 1920)
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What we as a society, do collectively to
assure the conditions in which people canbe healthy (Institute of Medicine 1988)
The science & art of preventing disease,
prolonging life & promoting health through
organized effort of society (Acheson1988)
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Society obligation to assure the conditions forpeoples health (Gostin 2001)
Government intervention in PH involves publicofficials taking appropriate measures pursuant
to specific legal authority . to protect thehealth of the public . The key element in PHis the role of the govt its power and
obligation to invoke mandatory or coercivemeasure to eliminate a threat to the publicshealth (Rothstein 2002)
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Government?
Only successful if:
1. The health of the pop is threatened
2. Government has power or expertise
3. The action of the gov. will be more
efficient/ beneficial
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Medical care & PH
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In the end
Patients need medical care when they are sick
Medical care is needed only part of the time
Public health professionals monitor anddiagnose the health concern of entire
communities & promote healthy practices &
behaviors in individuals to keep the population
healthycommunities need public health all of
the time in order to stay healthy
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C. Everett Koop