Conception Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

http://www.baby2see.com/development/week1.html

Menstrual Cycle• Most girls start their

period bewteen age 11-14

• Woman are most fertile days 11-17

• Sperm can live inside the reproductive track for up to 5 days

http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bodybasics_female_repro.html

Stages of Pregnancy Pregnancy begins the moment an egg is

fertilizedhttp://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-1-to-9_10302602.bc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aR-Qa_LD2m4&feature=fvwrel

Three Trimesters› Approximately 3 months each

Full term pregnancy is 38-40 weeks› Approximately 9 months

Fetal Development Stages

Zygote Stage – First 2 weeks› Sperm unites with ovum (egg)

Embryo Stage – Next 6 weeks

Fetus Stage – Week 9- end

First TrimesterMonth 1

Egg implants in the endometrium of the uterus in about 5-8 days after fertilization

Week 4Week 2

Size: Half size of grain of ricePlacenta (sometimes called

"afterbirth") begins developing

Heart- starts to pump,

2nd Month- Embryo (1st Trimester)

Size- 1 to 2 inches Moving (mother can’t feel) Teeth fingers and toes are

developing Central nervous system- is

now functioning By 8 weeks all body systems

are present and now baby is called fetus

Photograph by University of Minnesota Medical Photographer, Robert Wolfe. 1972

3rd Month – Fetus (1st Trimester)

Size- 3 inches Grasp reflex starts Has Fingernails Heartbeat can be heard with a

stethoscope Umbilical cord- provides oxygen

through it Suck his thumb

First Trimester

Week 12 fetus is about 3 inches long

4th Month – Fetus (2nd Trimester)

Size- begins at 5-9 inches Swallows amniotic fluid and

passes it as urine Lanugo-Fine hair covers

entire body Brain fully developed Fetus can hiccup, move

around Can determine the gender

5th Month – Fetus (2nd Trimester)

Size- 12 inches Times of sleep and rest Can hear Mother can feel baby Kick “Quickening” baby’s first

movement

6th Month – Fetus (2nd Trimester)

Size- 14 inches Sweat glands develop – regulate

body temp White film- “Vernix” waxy-

protects the baby's skin from amniotic fluid

Has hand and startle reflex Responds to sound Survival is good

Second Trimester

7th Month – Fetus (3rd Trimester)

Size- 16 inches Baby can survive Voice- recognizes mothers

voice

8th Month – Fetus (3rd Trimester)

Size- 18 inches Fat- Rapid growth Lungs are maturing Brain is growing rapidly

9th Month – Fetus (3rd Trimester)

Size- 20 inches about 7lbs “Lightening”- uterus sinks

baby drops Not much movement Fetus gets in head down

positionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvanNDQhlYI

Third Trimester

http://www.babycenter.com/video

Pregnancy Symptoms and Discomforts

Monthly period stops Possible sweating due to

higher body temperature Frequent urination or leaking Gain of 20-30 pounds Hair may become thick and

healthy Breasts become larger and

may be tender Appetite increases

• Possible stretch marks on stomach

• Possible varicose veins• Increased fatigue• Lower back pain• Trouble sleeping• Possible swelling feet and

hands• Nausea

Things to Avoid During Pregnancy

Smoking Alcohol Hair Products – permanents, hair color Lead Work-related hazards Paint Household cleansers Caffeine Medications Undercooked meat (Toxoplasmosis) Contact with cat feces (Toxoplasmosis)

Pregnancy Complications

Preeclampsia› A type of high blood pressure› Checked for every doctor visit

Gestational diabetes› Typically disappears after delivery› Diagnosed by routine glucose screening test

during 6th or 7th month Post-partum depression

Heredity and Genetic Diseases

Heredity: Transfer of traits from parent to child Gene: A heredity unit that determines a particular

physical or mental trait Genetic diseases: Occurs when certain genes are

abnormal, causing disease or disabilities More than 200 genetic disorders

Two Examples of Common Genetic Diseases

Down Syndrome› Extra chromosome present in all or some cells› Most commonly occurring genetic disease› Up to 50% have congenital heart defects

Neuromuscular diseases› Most common are muscular dystrophy and

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)› Some signs appear at birth, others later

End Notes Resources:

› Wpclinic.org› YouTube