conceptual design dr. dania bilal is588 spring 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Conceptual Design
Dr. Dania Bilal
IS588
Spring 2008
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From requirements to first design: Conceptual
• Transform needs and requirements into a conceptual model
• Guidelines– Keep an open mind but never forget users– Discuss ideas with stakeholders– Develop a low-fidelity prototype– Obtain feedback– Iterate design as many times as needed
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Initial conceptual model
• Identify interface metaphors suitable for users’ needs
• Identify interaction types that best support users’ activities
• Identify alternative designs and options
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Metaphors
• Evaluate identified metaphors in terms of– Structure (e.g., familiarity)– Relevance to content– Ease of representation (visual, audio, text)– User understanding of meaning
(Text pp.543-544)
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Interaction styles
• Command line• Menu-driven• Natural language• Question and answer (e.g., Yahoo Answers,
questionnaires)• Form fills (e.g., Google Advanced)• Direct manipulation
– Windows– WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers)
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Menu-Driven interfaces
• The original infrequent/inexperienced user interface
• Components– Lists of options (text or graphic), selection mechanism,
navigation, information architecture
• Usability affected by– Allows explanation
– Supports recognition more than recall
– Simplicity and structure
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Natural language interfaces
• Can be multi-modal (visual, auditory, haptic)• Components
– Speech input, typed text, gesture recognition
• Issues – Hard to do
– Usability issues• Success rate which may be dependent on restricted vocabulary
or training
• May require feedback/correction cycle
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Question and answer
• Structured dialog through specific domain• Examples: questionnaires, wizards, programmed
instruction• Components
– Restricted set of options, limited input/selection tools, intelligent branching
• Usability issues– Easy to use but – Limited functionality and power
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Form-fills
• Data entry• Form-fill components
– Multiple fields on full-screen display– Multiple data entry types
• Spreadsheets are form-fills– components
• Values, formulas, text
• Usability issues– Grid design, navigation, data types, complexity
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Direct manipulation
• Components– Point/click sensitive places– Ability to move objects directly– Cursor, touchscreen input– Clipboards, toolboxes, templates, palettes– Icons, graphics
• Usability issues– Speed, icon design, flexibility
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Point-and-click
• A direct manipulation variant– Sensitive point indicators through highlighting,
shading, hover– Ability to navigate via hyperlinks
• Usability issues– Lack of clear UI definition, navigation
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WIMP
• The current “default” direct manipulation interface across applications and platforms
• “Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers”• “Windows, Icons, Mouse, Pull-down
menus”• Each interaction type has advantages and
disadvantages• A combination may be employed
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Different visual designs
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Activity: Evaluate the 3 visual designs on the previous slide
• Identify the type of interaction styles in the 3 figures
• Who are the intended users of each of the styles?
• Assess the value of icons, text, and other cues in each design