conceptual design is the very first phase of design
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design services include industrial design that definesboth the aesthetics and functionality of the product,and prototype manufacture.
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You are here:UK EssaysEssaysComputer Science Developing A Parametric Shaft Components
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Developing A Parametric ShaftComponents Design Module
Computer Science EssayThe word parametric means the geometric definitions of the design, such as dimension, can be
varied at any time in the design process. The parametric design technique can help the designer
to incorporate the original design to incorporate into the construction of the model. The special
and particularly challenging on parametric design are can apply analytical and experimental
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methods to predict and analyze the behaviour of each design candidate. Parametric modelling is
accomplish by identifying and creating a parametric description of a component. A parametric
description is then developed as macros using a suitable programming language.
SolidWorks is an example of a solid modeling CAD software that allow the creation of solid
model and manipulating data structure using user develop macros. Solid module is the computer
model that allows us to modify the instruction using API. API is an (application programming
interface) that have a set of functions, procedures and methods to support requests made by
computer programs. In SolidWorks (API) was included for macro and third party development.
SolidWorks also allows for the integration of third-party modules. Some of these modules can be
represent, such as generating a special shaped hole, extrude and others.
1.1 Project Background
Parametric Shaft Design Module for SolidWorks with CAD for mechanical products is an
effective way to reduce product development time. The module will developed to help designer
in the process of a component analysis and specification of shaft size, deflection, vibration
characteristics, required keys and/or splines.
SolidWorks is used as a solid modelling CAD software that allow the creation of solid model and
manipulating data structure by using user interface macros. This module includes the process of
developing the theory of mechanical engineering and computer software.
This project will be provide exposure and demonstrate the methods using available API to
programming languages such as Visual Basic, or one of the family. The module would will
perform the calculations on the shaft and create a solid model of the designed according to the
user input. Hence, this project will examine the functions and ability of the macro recorder that
has been builds in the SolidWorks.
1.2 Objectives
The objective of this project is to develop a parametric shaft components design module for
SolidWorks. The module can perform the design calculation for:
Size of shaft
Shaft deflection
Shaft vibration characteristic
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Size required for key and/or splines at shaft
The module will developed by using available API in SolidWorks software. The implementation
needs the languages to be use such as Visual Basic, or one of the C families. The suitable
languages will be tries on this project and will use the chosen language to perform a module.
Finally, the project will demonstrate the suitable language method and guideline to implement
the language using available API.
1.3 Scopes
To full fill the objective given, there are some working scopes to be accomplished:
Background study on SolidWorks API.
Indentify the suitable language on ease implementation.
Program interaction structure
Background study on requirements for shaft:
Size
Deflection
Vibration characteristic
Required keys and/or splines
Development of macros:
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manipulating shapes at one extreme, to customized application programs, such as those for
analysis and optimization, at the other extreme [Zeid 1991]. Between these two extremes, typical
tools currently available include tolerance analysis, mass property calculations, and finite
element modelling and visualization of the analysis results. The basic role of CAD is to define
the geometry of design for an example such as a mechanical parts, architectural structure,
electronic circuit, and so on. This is because the geometry of the design is essential to all the
subsequent activities in the product cycle. The greatest benefits of CAD is can save considerable
time. CAD also can reduce the errors caused by the geometry of the design. There are many
CAD software package available as Rhinoceros 3D, SketchUp, SolidWorks, AutoCAD, CATIA
and the other few software.
2.1 Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM).
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) generally allow the user to plan and control
manufacturing operations through computer interface. One of the most mature areas of CAM is
numerical control (NC). The machine tool is control by using programmed instructions. For an
example to control grinds, cuts, mills, punches, bends, or turns raw into a finished part. The
computer can now generate a considerable amount of NC instructions based on geometric data
from CAD database plus additional information supplied by the operator. Another significant
CAM function is the programming of robots. These robots may perform individual task such as
welding or assembly or others.
2.2 Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
Computeraided engineering (CAE) commonly applies on a computer system in engineering
applications. CAD can be concerned as a subset of CAE. CAE allow the designer to simulate and
analyze the design. The software fits into two categories: engineering based and non-engineering
specific. The engineering based software for mechanical engineering applications is the software
with a CAD system and the most user used for method of computer analysis in engineering is the
finite element Method (FEM). This approach is used to determine stress, deflection, vibration,and heat transfer (e.g., ANSYS and MSC/NASTRAN). The non-engineering specific computer
aided applications contain software for word processing and mathematical solvers (e.g.,
Mathematica, MathCAD and Matlab).
2.4 SolidWorks
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SolidWorks is the CAD software with three-dimensional (3D) design. The software can run on
Microsoft Windows. Dassault Systmes, S. A. (Velizy, France) is a developer of SolidWorks
software. SolidWorks is currently one of a most popular 3D mechanical CAD (MCAD) product
on the market.
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2.4.1 SolidWorks Approach
SolidWorks is one of the software of a parasolid-based solid modeller and using a parametric
feature based approach to create a models and assemblies. Parameters are refers to determine the
value of the shape or geometry of the model or assembly. Parameter can be geometric
parameters, such as parallel, horizontal or vertical, or numeric parameters, such as circle
diameter or line length. Numeric parameters can be refers with each other through the relation,
that allow them to capture design intent. Design intent is the part of the creator wants to changes
and updates a model. SolidWorks can recognize the design intent and keep all the shape that the
user wants. SolidWorks have the shapes and operation to construct the part of a model. A 2D or
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3D sketch of shapes is normally begins with shaped-based features. The shapes are then extrude,
cuts, or add from the part of a model. Operation-based features is not a sketch-based but it have
include features such applying draft to the face of a part. Creating a model in SolidWorks usually
begin with a 2D sketch or 3D sketch. The sketches are includes with geometry such as points,
lines and others geometry. The parametric on SolidWorks is a dimensions and relations that
drive the geometry of the model. SolidWorks have the ability that allows the user to roll back
through the history and changes the part of design. SolidWorks also contains additional advanced
mating features. The model assemblies can accurately reproduce the rotational movement like an
actual component.
2.4.2 SolidWorks Add-in Products.
The main product of SolidWorks contains tools for 3D modelling and freeform surfacing.SolidWorks have capabilities to import and read the numerous file types from the others 2D and
3D CAD programs. An application-programming interface (API) has been included in
SolidWorks for custom programming in C#, C++, and Visual Basic (VB). API is a computer
program that uses a set of function, procedures, and method or service providers to support the
user command. Macros and third party development has been combining in SolidWorks
application-programming interface (API). SolidWorks also allows for the integration of the third-
party modules design.
2.4.3 Macro in SolidWorks
SolidWorks macro is a shortcut task to perform repeatedly in SolidWorks 3D CAD software.
Macro in SolidWorks is a series of command system and actions that and can be stored by safe
the macro file. Macro can run within SolidWorks whenever users need to perform the task.
SolidWorks allow user to record or build a macro and then play the macro with automatic repeat
the series of commands or actions.
2.5 Researcher studyElasis and FIAT Auto started to test parametric and associative (P/A) techniques since 6 years
ago. Fiat is one of the first automotive companies that have test P/A features in development of a
new car. Car body design is very critical and time-consuming activity for design modifications
during car development of a new car body and the same parametric model is reuse for future
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platforms are the reasons to develop a new P/A design methodology. The methodology is base
on P/A but should have the concept of archetype. An archetype is a set of logical and parametric
features of an object. The system can be use to build the relative CAD model. The advantage of
the archetype design can generate different components with simply changing its parameter
values.
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The phases of design methodology were the following:
Define the vehicle reference model( developed with explicit CAD systems and procedure)
Build the design development history (list of modification)
P/A modeling of new vehicle model.
Optimization phase
Model update during vehicle development14.8 Design of ShaftsThe shafts may be designed on the basis of
1. Strength, and 2. Rigidity and stiffness.
In designing shafts on the basis of strength, the following cases may be considered :
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(a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,
(b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,
(c) Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments, and
(d) Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined torsional and bending loads.
We shall now discuss the above cases, in detail, in the following pages.
The traditional process of modelling and the new method based on P/A approach have been
compare in qualitative. The development time of model is longer for P/A method, because it is
necessary to build P/A library archetypes. P/A library enables to reduce time design because it is
reduced the modifying phase. The explicit design takes always the same time for every style
change.
For the reason, P/A approach seems to be strong enough to manage several style modifications,
saving time and costs. [1]
The authors present an application of Visual Basic Application Programming Interface (API) to
develop numerical and procedural algorithm into CAD software. The focus is on Reverse
Engineering embedded into SolidWorks. There are many applications is need to remodel the
tessellated surface into an editable solid feature, to analyze it and to manipulate. SolidWorks is
widely used commercial software about engineering modelling and computer aided design.
SolidWorks is base on parametric definition of component and feature and it can be used in very
intuitive way. Other engineering modelers (such as Catia) have dedicated module for reverse
engineering. Specific reverse engineering software (such Rapidform) does not allow the building
of parametric feature-based models. In many cases there also need to implement specific
algorithm to perform dedicated an accurate computation which cant be found in any commercial
software. These are the main reason to API within a commercial software. Recent SolidWorks
have improved the method supported by native object and they have been interlaced with very
powerful Mathematical Utility. Using API into SolidWorks we can manipulate three kind of
object from:
SolidWorks (model native entities)
math utility database (math entities)
User defined entities
The native geometrical objects concern the sketch entities (point, line, circle, spline, etc) and
their constrains, the features (extrusion, revolution, loft, etc) the assembly management (mating,
inserting, moving, etc). the math native objects concern points, vectors and transformations for
manipulate entities (projecting from model space to sketch space and vice versa, performing
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basic operation on vector, etc). the software without API the user can only access to single model
entity and the direct access to internal database is not permitted. Using API database of entity
can be directly accessed saving time to execute command and model entities can be interlaced
with math and user defined ones. [2]
2.6 Conclusion
The computer software is no substitute for the human thought process. The user is control the
system and the computer is the driven to assist the user on the platform. Numbers generated by a
computer can be far from the truth if the user entered incorrect input, if the user misinterpreted
the application or the output of the program. The user task is to ensure the validity of the result.
The user must check the application
PART III
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
In this chapter, the whole process of this project will discuss. Since this project is conduct by
computer programming software, there are methods to create the module.
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3.1 Design Flowchart of ProjectImplementation.
The flowchart is for general view for the whole project that will be use during the first semester
and second semester. The figure 3.1.1 is show the overall progress of this project.
FLOW CHART OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT
START
IDENTIFY THESIS TILTLE
Parametric shaft design module for SolidWorks
DEFINE PROBLEM STATEMENT
How to create a solid model of shaft design according to the user input
DETERMINE OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF STUDY
To develop a macro for creating a solid model of designed shaft driven by the result of the
analysis
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY IDENTIFICATION
Literature research
System Specification
Development of macro
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Macro can interact between the user and the module with userform. The user should properly
design a userform so they can command the macro what they want to do. Userform can did on
Visual Basic Editor or others languages.
3.5 Run a Macro.Run or Play icon in SolidWorks macro is the last process of development of macro. In is easy to
run a macro, the user should follow a few steps and SolidWorks will generate a module that have
been design by the user.
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8/10/2019 Conceptual Design is the Very First Phase of Design
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essay.php#ixzz3E3EjIClTvThe material used for shafts should have the following properties :1. It should have high strength.
2. It should have good machinability.
3. It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
4. It should have good heat treatment properties.
5. It should have high wear resistant properties.
The material used for ordinary shafts is carbon steel of grades 40 C 8, 45 C 8, 50 C 4 and 50 C 12.
The mechanical properties of these grades of carbon steel are given in the following table.
Table 14.1. Mechanical properties of steels used for shafts.Indian standard designation Ultimate tensile strength, MPa Yield strength, MPa40 C 8 560 - 670 320
45 C 8 610 - 700 35050 C 4 640 - 760 37050 C 12 700 Min. 390
When a shaft of high strength is required, then an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or
chrome-vanadium steel is used.
14.3 Manufacturing of Shafts
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8/10/2019 Conceptual Design is the Very First Phase of Design
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8/10/2019 Conceptual Design is the Very First Phase of Design
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of the gear. In this sketch, draw and define the base circle, pitch circle, and outside diameter
circle constraining each of their centers at the origin of the blank. The typical design approach
for the spur gear is to define the pitch and outside diameter of the gear as user inputs.11
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Equation 2 is used for finding the base diameter. The involute curve originates at the base circle
of the gear. The involute curve is defined by the set of parametric equations (equations 3 and 4)below. In the following equations, Db represents the base diameter, D represents the pitch
diameter, represents the pressure angle and rb represents the base radius. The values of t in the
parametric equations are used to define an interval over which to draw the curve.Base Diameter: Db = D*cos() (Eq. 2)Parametric Involute Equations: x(t)=rb(cos(t)+t*sin(t)) (Eq. 3)
y(t)= rb(sin(t)-t*cos(t)) (Eq. 4)
Figure 2: Sketch of the Necessary Construction Circles for the Spur Gear