Concluding Address

Franco GiovannelliINAF/IASF-Roma

Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle

Physics

Vulcano Workshop 2008

(Wood et al., 1984)

(Forman et al., 1978)

(Swanenburg, et al. 1981)

COS B Catalog

(Hartman et al., 1999)

Analogy between X-ray sky and -ray sky

(Giovannelli, 2006)(Giovannelli, 2006)

ALSO MOST OF THE GAMMA-RAY SOURCES OF THE 3rd EGRET CATALOG ARE STILL NOT ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWN SOURCES (Hartman et al., 1999).

- 170 not yet definitively identified at the date of publication of the catalog

- 66 BL Lac Objects

- 27 Blazars

- 5 Pulsars

- 1 Cen A (radiogalaxy)

- 1 LMC

- 1 Flare Solare

271 point-like sources

(Giovannelli, 2006)

G. Dubus - Vulcano 5/2006(Ribó, 2007)

cosmic ray halo

Sun

bubble

GC close binary

Galactic disk

pulsar SNR

stellar wind

M87

GRB

interacting galaxies

ulsar

Ncr ~ 10-10 cm-3 - total number density

wcr ~ 1.5 eV/cm3 - energy density

Emax ~ 3x1020 eV - max. observed

energy

δcr ~ 10-3 at 1012 - 1014 eV - anisotropy

rg ~ 1E/(Z×3×1015 eV) pc - Larmor radius

(Ptuskin, 2005)

Candidates VHE -emitters

Galactic

Blazars AGN (flat radio-spectrum quasars/BL Lac objects).

Supernovae Remnants (SNR) (shell-like type)

Micro-quasars

Extra-galactic

PlerionsGalactic centre

GRBs Starbursts Galaxies (FIR)Galaxy clusters... Extra-terrestrial ’s already detected

at lower energies (Sun and SN1987)

ambient matter/ photons

,eCosmic

Accelerator

p

(Courtesy of Fabrizio Lucarelli, 2006)

There are many problems in performing Simultaneous Multifrequency, Multienergy Multisite, Multiinstrument,Multiplatform Measurements due to:

1. objective technological difficulties;2. sharing common scientific objectives;3. problems of scheduling and budgets;4. politic management of science.

After this fruitful week it appears evident the importance of Multifrequency astrophysics ......and Multienergy particle physics ......…… But

Conclusions & Reflections

BUT….

…. The real highlights of the workshop ….

… Just to remedy to my omission in my introductory talk, as remarked by Ulrich Katz …

Covering the whole e.m. spectrum

Synchro

tronSZ

Effe

ct

ICS

Brem.+ICS+ 0

Brem.+ICS

ICS

annihilation

products

(courtesy of Sergio Colafrancesco, this worksop)

A definite probe of DM annihilation

DM annihilation rate 20 kg in 7 months = 2 10-29 Msun / yr

DM annihilation rate 20 kg in 7 months = 2 10-29 Msun / yr

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

It is my pleasure to thank (also on behalf of G. Mannocchi, who has left the workshop

this morning because of the launch of GLAST)

• The Organizing Committee (G. Battiston, R. Fusco Femiano, A. Grillo, G. Nicoletti,

A. Santangelo)

• Maria Cristina D’Amato, Lia Sabatini, Massimo Frutti

• The directors of the INAF-IASF, Roma, INAF-IFSI, Torino,

INFN – LNF, INFN – LNGS, INFN – MI, IAAT, KC-TÜ

Particular warm thanks to:

ALL SPEAKERS, who rendered interesting this workshop.

ALL PARTICIPANTS, who rendered alive the workshop with their question-answers, and for the friendly atmosphere.

The FOUR COLLEAGUES and FRIENDS who kindly

accepted the not easy task of making the concluding remarks of the workshop.

Many thanks also to: Lisa Colosimo & Flavia Giovannelli Alessandro Perpich & Rocco De Massis

Finally, many thanks to: The staff of the EOLIAN Hotel

FRONTIER OBJECTS IN ASTROPHYSICS

AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

An award-winning educational film(Narrated by Meryl Streep)

Produced by the Earth Council

With the support of Soka Gakkai International

“It is of vital importance that people understand the irreplaceable value of the eco-system to which they belong, and that they commit themselves to preserve and protect it. The best way to develop that consciousness is to get involved in practical experiences, such as, for example, projects for planting new trees. The “Campaign for a billion trees”, which was promoted by the United Nation Program for the Environment (UNEP) and was originally put forward by Wangari Maathai, represents a remarkable initiative at a base level to counterbalance the climate evolution. Such a Campaign has been an extraordinary success: already in 2007 a billion nine hundred million trees were planted, and for 2008 the goal is to plant another billion trees.”[Daisaku Ikeda, from “Message of Peace”, 2008, “Buddismo e Società”, issue #128 (in Italian)]

During this fruitful workshop,we hope to have demonstrated

once more the “Vulcano Theorem”

enunciated in 1984 in my concluding address:

It is possible to develop science seriously even if

smiling.

Conclusions

“The one who has many friends has greater opportunities for growth. In this way, one both makes society a better place, and lives happier and more satisfied. In all cases, human relations, inter-personal interaction and communication are of vital importance. We must establish and nurture friendship and contacts with many people, both in our environment, and in society in general.

In this manner our life will open up and will flourish”.[Daisaku Ikeda, in “For Today and Tomorrow”, thought of 30th May,

Soka Gakkai, 1999]

Many Thanks for

Your Attention

See you in Vulcano next time!